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Book Details
Abstract
With constant improvements to MR image quality, it's important to have a resource reflecting the most recent developments. Diagnostic Imaging: Spine, now in its third edition, showcases the latest cutting-edge research from Dr. Jeffrey Ross and his team of experts in the field. Expanding upon the core of the highly popular second edition, this updated reference is fully revised to provide the best spine-related diagnostic support available.
- Covers the latest advancements in imaging the postoperative spine, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) utilization
- Includes additional genetic information, such as OMIM entry numbers, where appropriate
- Highlights updates to new classification and grading schemes
- Hundreds of full-color pathology images are carefully annotated to help pinpoint the most relevant factors
- New references direct you to additional trustworthy resources
- Bulleted lists provide guidance through the intricacies of the spine
- Presents brand new images and cases to keep you at the forefront of your field
- Medicine eBook is accessible on a variety of devices
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Diagnostic Imaging: Spine | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table of Contents | xiv | ||
| Dedications | v | ||
| Contributing Authors | vii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Acknowledgements | xi | ||
| Sections | xiii | ||
| PART I: CONGENITAL AND GENETIC DISORDERS | 2 | ||
| SECTION 1: Congenital | 2 | ||
| Normal Anatomical Variations | 4 | ||
| Normal Anatomy | 4 | ||
| Measurement Techniques | 10 | ||
| MR Artifacts | 16 | ||
| Normal Variant | 22 | ||
| Craniovertebral Junction Variants | 26 | ||
| Ponticulus Posticus | 30 | ||
| Ossiculum Terminale | 32 | ||
| Conjoined Nerve Roots | 34 | ||
| Limbus Vertebra | 38 | ||
| Filum Terminale Fibrolipoma | 42 | ||
| Bone Island | 44 | ||
| Ventriculus Terminalis | 46 | ||
| Chiari Disorders | 50 | ||
| Chiari 0 | 50 | ||
| Chiari 1 | 52 | ||
| Complex Chiari | 56 | ||
| Chiari 2 | 58 | ||
| Chiari 3 | 62 | ||
| Abnormalities of Neurulation | 64 | ||
| Approach to Spine and Spinal Cord Development | 64 | ||
| Myelomeningocele | 72 | ||
| Lipomyelomeningocele | 76 | ||
| Lipoma | 80 | ||
| Dorsal Dermal Sinus | 84 | ||
| Simple Coccygeal Dimple | 88 | ||
| Dermoid Cysts | 92 | ||
| Epidermoid Cysts | 96 | ||
| Anomalies of the Caudal Cell Mess | 100 | ||
| Tethered Spinal Cord | 100 | ||
| Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis | 104 | ||
| Caudal Regression Syndrome | 108 | ||
| Terminal Myelocystocele | 112 | ||
| Anterior Sacral Meningocele | 116 | ||
| Sacral Extradural Arachnoid Cyst | 120 | ||
| Sacrococcygeal Teratoma | 124 | ||
| Anomalies of Notochord and\rVertebral Formation | 128 | ||
| Craniovertebral Junction Embryology | 128 | ||
| Paracondylar Process | 132 | ||
| Split Atlas | 134 | ||
| Klippel-Feil Spectrum | 136 | ||
| Failure of Vertebral Formation | 140 | ||
| Vertebral Segmentation Failure | 144 | ||
| Diastematomyelia | 148 | ||
| Partial Vertebral Duplication | 152 | ||
| Incomplete Fusion, Posterior Element | 154 | ||
| Neurenteric Cyst | 156 | ||
| Developmental Abnormalities | 160 | ||
| Os Odontoideum | 160 | ||
| Lateral Meningocele | 164 | ||
| Dorsal Spinal Meningocele | 168 | ||
| Dural Dysplasia | 172 | ||
| Genetic Disorders | 176 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis Type 1 | 176 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis Type 2 | 180 | ||
| Achondroplasia | 186 | ||
| Mucopolysaccharidoses | 190 | ||
| Sickle Cell Disease | 194 | ||
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 198 | ||
| Tuberous Sclerosis | 202 | ||
| Osteopetrosis | 206 | ||
| Gaucher Disease | 208 | ||
| Ochronosis | 210 | ||
| Connective Tissue Disorders | 212 | ||
| Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia | 216 | ||
| Thanatophoric Dwarfism | 220 | ||
| SECTION 2: Scoliosis and Kyphosis | 223 | ||
| Introduction to Scoliosis | 224 | ||
| Scoliosis | 228 | ||
| Kyphosis | 232 | ||
| Degenerative Scoliosis | 234 | ||
| Flat Back Syndrome | 238 | ||
| Scoliosis Instrumentation | 240 | ||
| PART II: TRAUMA | 245 | ||
| SECTION 1: Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle | 245 | ||
| Fracture Classification | 246 | ||
| Atlantooccipital Dislocation | 252 | ||
| Ligamentous Injury | 256 | ||
| Occipital Condyle Fracture | 260 | ||
| Jefferson C1 Fracture | 264 | ||
| Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation | 268 | ||
| Odontoid C2 Fracture | 274 | ||
| Burst C2 Fracture | 278 | ||
| Hangman's C2 Fracture | 282 | ||
| Apophyseal Ring Fracture | 286 | ||
| Cervical Hyperflexion Injury | 290 | ||
| Cervical Hyperextension Injury | 296 | ||
| Cervical Hyperextension-Rotation Injury | 300 | ||
| Cervical Burst Fracture | 302 | ||
| Cervical Hyperflexion-Rotation Injury | 306 | ||
| Cervical Lateral Flexion Injury | 308 | ||
| Cervical Posterior Column Injury | 310 | ||
| Traumatic Disc Herniation | 312 | ||
| Thoracic and Lumbar Burst Fracture | 314 | ||
| Facet-Lamina Thoracolumbar Fracture | 318 | ||
| Fracture Dislocation | 320 | ||
| Chance Fracture | 322 | ||
| Thoracic and Lumbar Hyperextension Injury | 328 | ||
| Anterior Compression Fracture | 330 | ||
| Lateral Compression Fracture | 334 | ||
| Lumbar Facet-Posterior Fracture | 336 | ||
| Sacral Traumatic Fracture | 338 | ||
| Pedicle Stress Fracture | 342 | ||
| Sacral Insufficiency Fracture | 346 | ||
| SECTION 2: Cord, Dura, and Vessels | 351 | ||
| SCIWORA | 352 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Syrinx | 356 | ||
| Presyrinx Edema | 360 | ||
| Spinal Cord Contusion-Hematoma | 364 | ||
| Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation | 370 | ||
| Central Spinal Cord Syndrome | 374 | ||
| Traumatic Dural Tear | 378 | ||
| Traumatic Epidural Hematoma | 382 | ||
| Traumatic Subdural Hematoma | 386 | ||
| Vascular Injury, Cervical | 388 | ||
| Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula | 394 | ||
| Wallerian Degeneration | 396 | ||
| PART III: DEGENERATIVE DISEASES AND ARTHRITIDES | 399 | ||
| SECTION 1: Degenerative Diseases | 399 | ||
| Nomenclature of Degenerative Disc Disease | 400 | ||
| Degenerative Disc Disease | 404 | ||
| Degenerative Endplate Changes | 410 | ||
| Degenerative Arthritis of the CVJ | 414 | ||
| Disc Bulge | 418 | ||
| Anular Fissure, Intervertebral Disc | 422 | ||
| Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation | 426 | ||
| Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Herniation | 432 | ||
| Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation | 436 | ||
| Intervertebral Disc Extrusion, Foraminal | 442 | ||
| Cervical Facet Arthropathy | 446 | ||
| Lumbar Facet Arthropathy | 450 | ||
| Facet Joint Synovial Cyst | 454 | ||
| Baastrup Disease | 460 | ||
| Bertolotti Syndrome | 464 | ||
| Schmorl Node | 466 | ||
| Scheuermann Disease | 470 | ||
| Acquired Lumbar Central Stenosis | 474 | ||
| Congenital Spinal Stenosis | 478 | ||
| Cervical Spondylosis | 484 | ||
| DISH | 490 | ||
| OPLL | 494 | ||
| Ossification Ligamentum Flavum | 498 | ||
| Periodontoid Pseudotumor | 502 | ||
| SECTION 2: Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis | 507 | ||
| Spondylolisthesis | 508 | ||
| Spondylolysis | 512 | ||
| Instability | 516 | ||
| SECTION 3: Inflammatory, Crystalline, and Miscellaneous Arthritides | 521 | ||
| Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis | 522 | ||
| Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | 528 | ||
| Spondyloarthropathy | 534 | ||
| Neurogenic (Charcot) Arthropathy | 540 | ||
| Hemodialysis Spondyloarthropathy | 544 | ||
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | 546 | ||
| CPPD | 550 | ||
| Gout | 556 | ||
| Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis | 558 | ||
| PART IV: INFECTION AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS | 563 | ||
| SECTION 1: Infections | 563 | ||
| Pathways of Spread | 564 | ||
| Spinal Meningitis | 568 | ||
| Pyogenic Osteomyelitis | 572 | ||
| Tuberculous Osteomyelitis | 578 | ||
| Fungal and Miscellaneous Osteomyelitis | 584 | ||
| Osteomyelitis, C1-C2 | 586 | ||
| Brucellar Spondylitis | 590 | ||
| Septic Facet Joint Arthritis | 592 | ||
| Paraspinal Abscess | 598 | ||
| Epidural Abscess | 602 | ||
| Subdural Abscess | 608 | ||
| Abscess, Spinal Cord | 612 | ||
| Viral Myelitis | 616 | ||
| HIV Myelitis | 620 | ||
| Syphilitic Myelitis | 624 | ||
| Opportunistic Infections | 626 | ||
| Echinococcosis | 630 | ||
| Schistosomiasis | 634 | ||
| Cysticercosis | 638 | ||
| SECTION 2: Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders | 643 | ||
| Acute Transverse Myelopathy | 644 | ||
| Idiopathic Acute Transverse Myelitis | 648 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 652 | ||
| Neuromyelitis Optica | 656 | ||
| ADEM | 660 | ||
| Guillain-Barré Syndrome | 664 | ||
| CIDP | 668 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 672 | ||
| Subacute Combined Degeneration | 678 | ||
| Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis | 682 | ||
| Grisel Syndrome | 684 | ||
| Paraneoplastic Myelopathy | 686 | ||
| PART V:\rNEOPLASMS, CYSTS, AND OTHER MASSES | 688 | ||
| SECTION 1: Neoplasms | 688 | ||
| Introduction and Overview | 690 | ||
| Spread of Neoplasms | 690 | ||
| Extradural | 694 | ||
| Blastic Osseous Metastases | 694 | ||
| Lytic Osseous Metastases | 698 | ||
| Hemangioma | 702 | ||
| Osteoid Osteoma | 706 | ||
| Osteoblastoma | 712 | ||
| Aneurysmal Bone Cyst | 716 | ||
| Giant Cell Tumor | 720 | ||
| Osteochondroma | 724 | ||
| Chondrosarcoma | 728 | ||
| Osteosarcoma | 732 | ||
| Chordoma | 736 | ||
| Ewing Sarcoma | 742 | ||
| Lymphoma | 746 | ||
| Leukemia | 752 | ||
| Plasmacytoma | 756 | ||
| Multiple Myeloma | 760 | ||
| Neuroblastic Tumor | 764 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 768 | ||
| Angiolipoma | 772 | ||
| Intradural Extramedullary | 776 | ||
| Schwannoma | 776 | ||
| Meningioma | 780 | ||
| Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma | 786 | ||
| Neurofibroma | 790 | ||
| Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors | 794 | ||
| Metastases, CSF Disseminated | 798 | ||
| Paraganglioma | 802 | ||
| Intramedullary | 806 | ||
| Astrocytoma | 806 | ||
| Cellular Ependymoma | 810 | ||
| Myxopapillary Ependymoma | 814 | ||
| Hemangioblastoma | 818 | ||
| Spinal Cord Metastases | 824 | ||
| Primary Melanocytic Neoplasms/Melanocytoma | 828 | ||
| Ganglioglioma | 830 | ||
| SECTION 2: Nonneoplastic Cysts and Tumor Mimics | 833 | ||
| Cysts | 834 | ||
| CSF Flow Artifact | 834 | ||
| Meningeal Cyst | 836 | ||
| Perineural Root Sleeve Cyst | 842 | ||
| Syringomyelia | 846 | ||
| Nonneoplastic Masses and Tumor Mimics | 850 | ||
| Epidural Lipomatosis | 850 | ||
| Normal Fatty Marrow Variants | 852 | ||
| Fibrous Dysplasia | 854 | ||
| Kümmell Disease | 856 | ||
| Hirayama Disease | 858 | ||
| IgG4-Related Disease/Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis | 860 | ||
| SECTION 3: Vascular and Systemic Disorders | 865 | ||
| Vascular Lesions | 866 | ||
| Vascular Anatomy | 866 | ||
| Persistent First Intersegmental Artery | 872 | ||
| Persistent Hypoglossal Artery | 874 | ||
| Persistent Proatlantal Artery | 876 | ||
| Type 1 Vascular Malformation (dAVF) | 878 | ||
| Type 2 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) | 884 | ||
| Type 3 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) | 888 | ||
| Type 4 Vascular Malformation (AVF) | 892 | ||
| Conus Arteriovenous Malformation | 896 | ||
| Posterior Fossa Dural Fistula With Intraspinal Drainage | 900 | ||
| Cavernous Malformation | 904 | ||
| Spinal Artery Aneurysm | 908 | ||
| Spinal Cord Infarction | 910 | ||
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 914 | ||
| Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma | 918 | ||
| Subdural Hematoma | 924 | ||
| Superficial Siderosis | 928 | ||
| Hematomyelia/Nontraumatic Cord Hemorrhage | 932 | ||
| Bow Hunter Syndrome | 936 | ||
| Vertebral Artery Dissection | 938 | ||
| Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases | 944 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 944 | ||
| Paget Disease | 948 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism | 952 | ||
| Renal Osteodystrophy | 954 | ||
| Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow | 956 | ||
| Myelofibrosis | 960 | ||
| Bone Infarction | 962 | ||
| Extramedullary Hematopoiesis | 964 | ||
| Tumoral Calcinosis | 968 | ||
| PART VI: PERIPHERAL NERVE AND PLEXUS | 973 | ||
| SECTION 1: Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Lesions | 973 | ||
| Normal Plexus and Nerve Anatomy | 974 | ||
| Superior Sulcus Tumor | 980 | ||
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | 984 | ||
| Muscle Denervation | 988 | ||
| Brachial Plexus Traction Injury | 990 | ||
| Idiopathic Brachial Plexus Neuritis | 994 | ||
| Traumatic Neuroma | 998 | ||
| Radiation Plexopathy | 1002 | ||
| Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor | 1006 | ||
| Peripheral Neurolymphomatosis | 1010 | ||
| Hypertrophic Neuropathy | 1012 | ||
| Femoral Neuropathy | 1016 | ||
| Ulnar Neuropathy | 1018 | ||
| Suprascapular Neuropathy | 1022 | ||
| Median Neuropathy | 1026 | ||
| Common Peroneal Neuropathy | 1028 | ||
| Tibial Neuropathy | 1030 | ||
| PART VII: SPINE POSTPROCEDURAL IMAGING | 1035 | ||
| SECTION 1: Postoperative Imaging and Complications | 1035 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 1036 | ||
| Normal Postoperative Change | 1040 | ||
| Postoperative Spinal Complications | 1046 | ||
| Myelography Complications | 1052 | ||
| Vertebroplasty Complications | 1056 | ||
| Failed Back Surgery Syndrome | 1060 | ||
| Recurrent Disc Herniation | 1064 | ||
| Peridural Fibrosis | 1068 | ||
| Arachnoiditis/Adhesions | 1072 | ||
| Arachnoiditis Ossificans | 1078 | ||
| Accelerated Degeneration | 1080 | ||
| Postoperative Infection | 1084 | ||
| Pseudomeningocele | 1088 | ||
| CSF Leakage Syndrome | 1094 | ||
| Postsurgical Deformity | 1100 | ||
| SECTION 2: Hardware | 1105 | ||
| Metal Artifact | 1106 | ||
| Occipitocervical Fixation | 1110 | ||
| Plates and Screws | 1112 | ||
| Cages | 1116 | ||
| Interbody Fusion Devices | 1118 | ||
| Interspinous Spacing Devices | 1122 | ||
| Cervical Artificial Disc | 1126 | ||
| Lumbar Artificial Disc | 1130 | ||
| Hardware Failure | 1134 | ||
| Bone Graft Complications | 1140 | ||
| rhBMP-2 Complications | 1144 | ||
| Heterotopic Bone Formation | 1148 | ||
| SECTION 3: Post Radiation and Chemotherapy Complications | 1153 | ||
| Radiation Myelopathy | 1154 | ||
| Post-Irradiation Vertebral Marrow | 1158 | ||
| Anterior Lumbar Radiculopathy | 1162 | ||
| INDEX | I-i |