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Physical Diagnosis of Pain E-Book

Physical Diagnosis of Pain E-Book

Steven D. Waldman

(2015)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Still the only atlas available devoted to the physical diagnosis of pain, this highly practical guide mirrors the clinician’s approach to pain evaluation: focusing on "what is it" rather than "where is it." Through concise text, high-quality illustrations, and real-time videos, internationally recognized pain expert Dr. Steven Waldman provides clear, how-to methods for evaluating and diagnosing more than 240 pain-related conditions through their physical signs. Comprehensive and lavishly illustrated, this essential atlas is a must-have resource for all practitioners and trainees that encounter patients with pain.

  • Provides essential physical examination techniques for the full range of pain-related conditions in the cervical spine, shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand, chest wall, thorax and thoracic spine, lumbar spine, abdominal wall and pelvis, hip, knee, ankle and foot.
  • Each chapter follows the same concise format for ease of use and quick reference: anatomy, inspection, palpation, and range of motion, followed by relevant special tests.
  • Includes 20 brand-new procedures such as the Sharp Purser Test for atlanto-axial joint instability; the Crank Test for tears of the glenoid labrum; the Chair Lift Test for tennis elbow; the Stork Test for sacroiliac joint pain; the Fulcrum Test for stress fractures of the femur; the Mulder Sign for Morton’s neuroma, and many more.
  • Provides exceptional visual guidance via hundreds of high-quality radiographic images, clinical photos, and color line drawings -- many NEW to this edition.
  • Includes real-time videos of Dr. Waldman and his staff demonstrating key physical examination techniques, helping you increase your expertise and reach an accurate diagnosis.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover cover
Endsheet 2 endsheet2
Physical Diagnosis of Pain i
Copyright Page iv
Dedication v
Preface vii
Table Of Contents ix
Video Contents xiv
1 The Cervical Spine 1
1 Functional Anatomy of the Bony Cervical Spine 2
The Vertebrae of the Cervical Spine 2
The Mobility of the Cervical Spine 3
The Cervical Vertebral Canal 3
The Cervical Nerves and Their RELATION TO the Cervical Vertebrae 4
Implications for the Clinician 4
2 Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc 5
3 Nomenclature of the Diseased Cervical Disc 7
The Normal Disc 7
The Degenerated Disc 7
The Diffusely Bulging Disc 7
The Focal Disc Protrusion 8
The Focal Disc Extrusion 8
The Sequestered Disc 8
4 Painful Conditions Emanating from the Cervical Spine 13
5 Visual Inspection of the Cervical Spine 14
6 Palpation of the Cervical Spine 15
7 Physical Examination of the Cervical Spine Range of Motion 17
Flexion and Extension 17
Rotation and Lateral Bending 18
8 The Cervical Dermatomes 19
9 The C5 Neurologic Level 20
10 The C6 Neurologic Level 23
11 The C7 Neurologic Level 25
12 The C8 Neurologic Level 27
13 The Spurling Test for Cervical Radiculopathy Secondary to Herniated Disc or Cervical Spondylosis 29
14 The Axial Loading Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease 30
15 The Hoffmann Test for Cervical Myelopathy 31
16 The Sharp Purser Test for Atlantoaxial Joint Instability 32
2 The Shoulder 35
17 Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint 36
18 Visual Inspection of the Shoulder 39
19 Palpation of the Shoulder 40
20 External Rotation of the Shoulder 41
21 Internal Rotation of the Shoulder 42
22 Crossed-Arm Adduction of the Shoulder 43
23 Abduction of the Shoulder 44
24 Painful Conditions of the Shoulder 45
25 Shoulder Instability Syndromes 47
26 The Anterior Drawer Test 52
27 The Shift and Load Test for Shoulder Instability 53
28 The Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability 54
29 The Jobe Relocation Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability 55
30 The Andrews Anterior Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability 57
31 The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability 58
32 The Jerk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability 59
33 The Posterior Clunk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability 60
34 The Sulcus Sign Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability 61
35 The Crank Test for Injury of the Labrum of the Glenohumeral Joint 62
36 An Overview of Shoulder Impingement Syndromes 64
37 The Neer Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes 68
38 The Hawkins Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes 69
39 The Gerber Subcoracoid Impingement Test 70
40 The Zaslav Rotation Resistance Test for Shoulder Impingement 71
41 Bicipital Tendinitis 72
42 The Speed Test for Bicipital Tendinitis 75
43 The Yergason Test for Bicipital Tendinitis 76
44 The Snap Test for Subluxing Biceps Tendon Syndrome 77
45 The Gerber Lift-Off Test for Rupture of the Subscapularis Muscle 79
46 The Gerber Belly Press Test for Subscapularis Weakness 80
47 The Internal Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Subscapularis Tendon 81
48 The Snapping Scapula Test 82
49 The Ludington Test for Ruptured Long Tendon of the Biceps 84
50 The Squeeze Test for Distal Rupture of the Biceps Tendon 86
51 Clinical Correlates 87
What the Rotator Cuff Is and What It Does 87
The Pathogenesis of Rotator Cuff Disease 88
52 The Drop Arm Test for Complete Rotator Cuff Tear 93
53 The External Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Supraspinatus or Infraspinatus Tendon 94
54 The Dawbarn Sign for Supraspinatus Tendinitis 95
55 The Empty Can Test for Supraspinatus Tendinitis 97
56 The Jobe Supraspinatus Test 100
57 The Midarc Abduction Test for Infraspinatus Tendinitis 101
58 The External Rotation Stress Test for Impairment of the Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Muscles 103
59 The Drop Arm Test for Subdeltoid Bursitis 104
60 The Adduction Release Test for Subcoracoid Bursitis 105
61 The Adduction Stress Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction 107
62 The Chin Adduction Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction 110
63 The Paxino Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction 111
64 The Sergeant’s Chevron Test for Axillary Nerve Deficits 112
65 The Adson Maneuver for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 113
66 The Costoclavicular Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 115
67 The Hyperabduction Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 116
3 The Elbow 117
68 Functional Anatomy of the Elbow Joint 118
69 Visual Inspection of the Elbow 122
70 Palpation of the Elbow 124
71 Flexion and Extension of the Elbow 126
72 Supination and Pronation of the Elbow 127
73 The Valgus Stress Flexion Test for Medial Ligamentous Incompetence 128
74 The Varus Stress Flexion Test for Lateral Ligamentous Incompetence 129
75 The Lateral Pivot-Shift Test for Posterolateral Insufficiency 130
76 The Froment Paper Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow 131
77 The Jeanne Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow 132
78 The Wartenberg Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow 133
79 The Little Finger Adduction Test for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow 134
80 The Valgus Extension Overload Test for Olecranon Impingement 135
81 The Compression Test for Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 136
82 The Snap Sign for Snapping Triceps Syndrome 138
83 The Creaking Tendon Sign for Triceps Tendinitis 139
84 The Ballottement Test for Olecranon Bursitis 140
85 The Tennis Elbow Test 142
86 The Maudsley Test for Lateral Epicondylitis 144
87 The Chair Lift Test for Lateral Epicondylitis 145
88 The Golfer’s Elbow Test 146
89 The Polk Test to Differentiate Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis 147
90 The Brachialis Jump Test for Climber’s Elbow 149
4 The Forearm 151
91 The Compression Test for Radial Tunnel Syndrome 152
92 The Forced Pronation Test for Pronator Syndrome 154
93 The Pinch Test for Anterior Interosseous Syndrome 155
94 The Creaking Tendon Test for Intersection Syndrome 156
5 The Wrist and Hand 157
95 Functional Anatomy of the Wrist 158
96 Visual Inspection of the Wrist and Hand 160
Dorsal Aspect 160
Palmar Aspect 160
Side View 160
97 Palpation of the Wrist and Hand 161
98 Extension of the Wrist and Hand 162
99 Flexion of the Wrist and Hand 163
100 Adduction of the Wrist and Hand 164
101 Abduction of the Wrist and Hand 165
102 Painful Conditions of the Wrist and Hand 166
103 The Wristwatch Test for Cheiralgia Paresthetica 167
104 The Finkelstein Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis 169
105 The Allen Test for Patency of the Radial and Ulnar Arteries at the Wrist 171
106 The Watson Stress Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb 173
107 The Ulnar Click Test for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome 174
108 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 175
109 The Tinel Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 178
110 The Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 179
111 The Opponens Weakness Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 180
112 The Opponens Pinch Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 181
113 The Two-Point Discrimination Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 182
114 The Dowart Hotdog Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 183
115 The Spread Sign for Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome 184
116 Flexion/Extension Test for Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist 186
117 The Hunchback Carpal Sign for Carpal Boss 187
118 The Tuck Sign for Extensor Tenosynovitis of the Wrist 189
119 The Palmar Band Sign for Dupuytren Contracture 190
120 The Allen Test for Patency of the Digital Arteries of the Fingers 191
121 The Catching Tendon Sign for Trigger Finger Syndrome 192
122 The Sausage Finger Sign for Psoriatic Arthritis 194
123 The Swan Neck Deformity Sign 195
124 The Boutonnière Deformity Sign 196
125 The Heberden Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joints 197
126 The Bouchard Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints 198
127 The Ice Water Test for Glomus Tumor of the Finger 199
6 The Chest Wall, Thorax, and Thoracic Spine 201
128 The Winged Scapula Sign for Entrapment of the Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell 202
129 The Suprascapular Notch Sign for Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 203
130 The Shoulder Retraction Test for Costosternal Syndrome 205
131 The Swollen Costosternal Joint Sign for Tietze Syndrome 206
132 The Shrug Test for Sternoclavicular Joint Dysfunction 207
133 The Hooking Maneuver Test for Slipping Rib Syndrome 209
134 The Flexion Test for Acute Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture 210
7 The Lumbar Spine 213
135 Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine 214
The Bony Elements 214
Movement 214
The Intervertebral Disc 215
136 An Overview of the Nomenclature of the Diseased Lumbar Disc 216
The Normal Disc 216
The Degenerated Disc 216
The Diffusely Bulging Disc 216
The Focal Disc Protrusion 220
The Focal Disc Extrusion 220
The Sequestered Disc 220
137 An Overview of Painful Conditions Emanating from the Lumbar Spine 221
138 Visual Inspection of the Lumbar Spine 222
139 Palpation of the Lumbar Spine 223
140 Range of Motion of the Lumbar Spine 224
Flexion and Extension 224
Rotation and Lateral Bending 224
141 The Schober Test for Lumbar Spine Flexion 226
142 The Kemp Test for Lumbar Facet Joint Pain 227
143 The Lumbar Dermatomes 228
144 The L4 Neurologic Level 230
145 The L5 Neurologic Level 232
146 The S1 Neurologic Level 233
147 The Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation 235
148 The Sitting Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation 236
149 The Naffziger Jugular Compression Test for an Equivocal Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test 237
150 The Flip Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 238
151 The Buckling Knee Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 239
152 The Spurling Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 240
153 The Bragard Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 241
154 The Ely Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 242
155 The Fajersztajn Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation 243
156 The Stoop Test for Spinal Stenosis 244
157 The Babinski Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System 245
158 The Chaddock Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System 246
159 The Oppenheim Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System 247
160 The Gordon Reflex for Diseases of the Corticospinal System 248
8 The Abdominal Wall and Pelvis 249
161 The Sit-Up Sign for Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 250
162 The Waddling Gait Sign for Osteitis Pubis Syndrome 252
163 The Yeoman Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain 254
164 The Van Durson Standing Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain 255
165 The Piedallu Seated Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain 256
166 The Stork Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction 257
167 The Gaenslen Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction 258
168 The Numb Medial Thigh Sign for Obturator Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 260
169 The Novice Skier Sign for Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome 262
170 The Femoral Stretch Test 264
171 The Burning Lateral Thigh Sign for Meralgia Paresthetica 265
9 The Hip 267
172 Functional Anatomy of the Hip 268
173 Visual Inspection of the Hip Joint 271
174 Palpation of the Hip 272
175 Flexion of the Hip 273
176 Extension of the Hip 274
177 Abduction of the Hip 275
178 Adduction of the Hip 276
179 Internal Rotation of the Hip 277
180 External Rotation of the Hip 278
181 Painful Conditions of the Hip 279
182 The Thomas Test for Flexion Deformity of the Hip 280
183 The Trendelenburg Test for Weak Hip Abductors 281
184 The Hopalong Cassidy Sign for Antalgic Gait 283
185 The Patrick/FABER Test for Hip Pathology 285
186 The Waldman Knee Squeeze Test for Adductor Tendinitis 286
187 The Resisted Hip Extension Test for Ischial Bursitis 288
188 The Resisted Hip Abduction Test for Gluteal Bursitis 289
189 The Resisted Hip Adduction Test for Iliopsoas Bursitis 290
190 The Piriformis Test for Piriformis Syndrome 291
191 The Resisted Abduction Release Test for Trochanteric Bursitis Pain 292
192 The Fulcrum Test for Stress Fractures of the Femoral Shaft 294
193 The Ober Test for Iliotibial Band Contracture 296
194 The Snap Sign for Snapping Hip Syndrome 297
10 The Knee 299
195 Functional Anatomy of the Knee 300
196 Visual Inspection of the Knee 303
197 Palpation of the Knee 304
198 Flexion of the Knee 305
199 Extension of the Knee 306
200 Rotation of the Knee 307
201 An Overview of Painful Conditions of the Knee 308
202 The Bulge Sign for Small Joint Effusions 309
203 The Ballottement Test for Large Joint Effusions 310
204 The Valgus Stress Test for Medial Collateral Ligament Integrity 312
205 The Varus Stress Test for Lateral Collateral Ligament Integrity 313
206 The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity 314
207 The Flexion-Rotation Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Instability 315
208 The Lachman Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity 316
209 The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity 317
210 The Hughston External Rotation–Recurvatum Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Instability 318
211 The Quadriceps Active Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity 319
212 The Pivot Shift Test for Anterolateral Rotary Instability 320
213 The Reverse Pivot Shift Test of Jakob for Posterolateral Instability 321
214 The Tibial External Rotation Test for Injury to the Posterolateral Corner 322
215 The Perkins Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome 323
216 The Patellar Grind Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome 324
217 The Fairbanks Apprehension Test for Lateral Patellar Subluxation 325
218 The Patellar Tilt Test for Lateral Retinacular Dysfunction 326
219 The McMurray Test for Torn Meniscus 327
220 The Apley Grinding Test for Meniscal Tear 328
221 The Squat Test for Meniscal Tear 329
222 The Thessaly Test for Meniscal Tear 330
223 The Twist Test for Semimembranosus Insertion Syndrome 332
224 The Knee Extension Test for Quadriceps Expansion Syndrome 334
225 Bursitis of the Knee 336
Suprapatellar Bursitis 336
Prepatellar Bursitis 337
Superficial and Deep Infrapatellar Bursitis 338
Pes Anserine Bursitis 339
226 The Creaking Tendon Sign for Hamstring Tendinitis 340
227 The Nobel Compression Test for Iliotibial Band Syndrome 341
228 The Bump Sign for Baker Cyst of the Knee 342
11 The Ankle and Foot 345
229 Functional Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot 346
The Hindfoot 346
The Midfoot 346
The Forefoot 347
230 Visual Inspection of the Ankle and Foot 348
231 Palpation of the Ankle and Foot 350
232 The Wave Test for Ankle Joint Effusion 352
233 The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency 353
234 The Inversion Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency 355
235 The Eversion Test for Deltoid Ligament Insufficiency 357
236 The Squeeze Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain 360
237 The External Rotation Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain 361
238 The Tinel Sign for Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome 362
239 The Tinel Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome 364
240 The Creak Sign for Achilles Tendinitis 367
241 The Toe Raise Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture 369
242 The Thompson Squeeze Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture 371
243 The Matles Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture 372
244 The Calcaneal Jump Sign for Plantar Fasciitis 373
245 The Windlass Test for Plantar Fasciitis 375
246 The Mulder Sign for Morton Neuroma 376
Index 378
A 378
B 378
C 379
D 379
E 379
F 380
G 380
H 380
I 381
J 381
K 381
L 381
M 382
N 382
O 382
P 382
Q 383
R 383
S 383
T 384
U 385
V 385
W 385
Y 385
Z 385
Endsheet 7 endsheet7