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Diagnostic Imaging: Genitourinary E-Book

Diagnostic Imaging: Genitourinary E-Book

Mitchell E. Tublin

(2015)

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Book Details

Abstract

A mainstay for radiology trainees and practitioners, Diagnostic Imaging: Genitourinary, Third Edition features an image-rich, reader-friendly format that outlines the role of imaging in diagnosing and managing diseases of the GU tract. Concise chapters and spectacular imaging examples combine to make this medical reference book an all-inclusive resource for every member of the radiology team.

  • State-of-the-art imaging — such as CT urography, DECT, MR urography, and DWI MR — addresses the rapidly changing diagnostic algorithm used for evaluation of diseases of the genitourinary tract
  • Presents approximately 2,500 superior images for a greater visual understanding, while bulleted text expedites reference and review
  • Includes an expanded table of contents, updated chapters and references, and brand new illustrations that highlight the roles of MR and ultrasound for evaluating diseases of the GU tract
  • Covers important hot topics such as prostate carcinoma staging and surveillance, adrenal adenoma work-up and relevance, staging and subclassification of renal cell carcinoma, and the role of DECT for renal stone characterization.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Diagnostic Imaging:\rGenitourinary iii
Copyright Page iv
Table of Contents xiv
Dedications v
Contributing Authors vi
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xi
Sections xiii
SECTION 1:\rOverview and Introduction 3
Chapter 1.\rImaging Approaches 4
Renal Mass Evaluation 4
Hematuria (and Potential Urothelial\rMalignancy) Evaluation 4
Renal Dysfunction Evaluation 5
Adrenal Mass Evaluation 5
Bladder Mass Evaluation 6
Selected References 6
SECTION 2:\rRetroperitoneum 11
Chapter 2.\rIntroduction to the Retroperitoneum 12
Relevant Anatomy and Embryology 12
Imaging Techniques and Indications 12
Approach to Retroperitoneal Abnormalities 12
Selected References 13
Chapter 3.\rDuplications and Anomalies of IVC 16
TERMINOLOGY 17
IMAGING 17
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 17
PATHOLOGY 18
CLINICAL ISSUES 18
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 18
SELECTED REFERENCES 18
Chapter 4.\rRetroperitoneal Fibrosis 20
TERMINOLOGY 21
IMAGING 21
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 21
PATHOLOGY 22
CLINICAL ISSUES 22
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 22
SELECTED REFERENCES 22
Chapter 5.\rPelvic Lipomatosis 24
TERMINOLOGY 25
IMAGING 25
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 25
PATHOLOGY 25
CLINICAL ISSUES 25
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 25
SELECTED REFERENCES 25
Chapter 6.\rCoagulopathic (Retroperitoneal) Hemorrhage 26
TERMINOLOGY 27
IMAGING 27
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 28
PATHOLOGY 28
CLINICAL ISSUES 28
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 28
SELECTED REFERENCES 28
Chapter 7.\rPostoperative Lymphocele 30
TERMINOLOGY 31
IMAGING 31
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 31
PATHOLOGY 31
CLINICAL ISSUES 31
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 31
SELECTED REFERENCES 31
Chapter 8.\rRetroperitoneal Neurogenic Tumor 32
TERMINOLOGY 33
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 33
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 34
SELECTED REFERENCES 34
Chapter 9.\rRetroperitoneal Sarcoma 36
TERMINOLOGY 37
IMAGING 37
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 37
PATHOLOGY 38
CLINICAL ISSUES 38
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 38
SELECTED REFERENCES 38
Chapter 10.\rRetroperitoneal and Mesenteric Lymphoma 40
TERMINOLOGY 41
IMAGING 41
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 41
PATHOLOGY 42
CLINICAL ISSUES 42
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 42
SELECTED REFERENCES 42
Chapter 11.\rRetroperitoneal Metastases 44
TERMINOLOGY 45
IMAGING 45
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 45
PATHOLOGY 46
CLINICAL ISSUES 46
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 46
SELECTED REFERENCES 46
Chapter 12.\rHemangiopericytoma 48
TERMINOLOGY 49
IMAGING 49
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 49
PATHOLOGY 49
CLINICAL ISSUES 49
SELECTED REFERENCES 49
Chapter 13.\rPerivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor (PEComa) 50
TERMINOLOGY 51
IMAGING 51
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 51
PATHOLOGY 51
CLINICAL ISSUES 51
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 51
SELECTED REFERENCES 51
SECTION 3:\rAdrenal 53
Chapter 14.\rIntroduction to the Adrenals 54
Anatomy, Embryology, and Physiology 54
Imaging Techniques and Protocols 54
Approach to the Adrenal Mass 54
Selected References 55
Chapter 15.\rAdrenal Tuberculosis and Fungal Infection 58
IMAGING 59
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 59
PATHOLOGY 59
CLINICAL ISSUES 59
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 59
SELECTED REFERENCES 59
Chapter 16.\rAdrenal Hyperplasia 60
TERMINOLOGY 61
IMAGING 61
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 61
PATHOLOGY 62
CLINICAL ISSUES 62
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 62
SELECTED REFERENCES 62
Chapter 17.\rAdrenal Insufficiency 64
TERMINOLOGY 65
IMAGING 65
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 65
PATHOLOGY 65
CLINICAL ISSUES 65
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 65
SELECTED REFERENCES 65
Chapter 18.\rAdrenal Hemorrhage 66
TERMINOLOGY 67
IMAGING 67
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 67
PATHOLOGY 68
CLINICAL ISSUES 68
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 68
SELECTED REFERENCES 68
Chapter 19.\rAdrenal Cyst 70
TERMINOLOGY 71
IMAGING 71
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 71
PATHOLOGY 71
CLINICAL ISSUES 72
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 72
SELECTED REFERENCES 72
Chapter 20.\rAdrenal Adenoma 74
TERMINOLOGY 75
IMAGING 75
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 76
PATHOLOGY 77
CLINICAL ISSUES 77
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 77
SELECTED REFERENCES 77
Chapter 21.\rAdrenal Myelolipoma 80
TERMINOLOGY 81
IMAGING 81
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 81
PATHOLOGY 81
CLINICAL ISSUES 82
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 82
SELECTED REFERENCES 82
Chapter 22.\rPheochromocytoma 84
TERMINOLOGY 85
IMAGING 85
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 86
PATHOLOGY 86
CLINICAL ISSUES 87
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 87
SELECTED REFERENCES 87
Chapter 23.\rAdrenal Carcinoma 90
TERMINOLOGY 91
IMAGING 91
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 91
PATHOLOGY 92
CLINICAL ISSUES 92
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 92
SELECTED REFERENCES 92
Chapter 24.\rAdrenal Carcinoma Staging 94
Chapter 25.\rAdrenal Lymphoma 104
TERMINOLOGY 105
IMAGING 105
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 105
PATHOLOGY 105
CLINICAL ISSUES 105
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 105
SELECTED REFERENCES 105
Chapter 26.\rAdrenal Metastases 106
IMAGING 107
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 107
PATHOLOGY 108
CLINICAL ISSUES 108
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 108
SELECTED REFERENCES 108
Chapter 27.\rAdrenal Collision Tumor 110
TERMINOLOGY 111
IMAGING 111
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 111
PATHOLOGY 111
CLINICAL ISSUES 111
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 111
SELECTED REFERENCES 111
SECTION 4:\rKidney and Renal Pelvis 112
Chapter 28.\rIntroduction to Renal Physiology and Contrast 114
Principles of Renal Physiology 114
Iodinated Contrast Media 114
MR Contrast Media 114
Adverse Reactions to Contrast Media 114
Selected References 114
Chapter 29.\rIntroduction to the Kidney and Renal Pelvis 116
Imaging Anatomy 116
Embryology and Congenital Malformations 116
Imaging Techniques and Indications 116
Approach to Renal Calcifications 118
Selected References 118
Chapter 30.\rRenal Fetal Lobation 122
TERMINOLOGY 123
IMAGING 123
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 123
PATHOLOGY 123
CLINICAL ISSUES 123
SELECTED REFERENCES 123
Chapter 31.\rJunctional Cortical Defect 124
TERMINOLOGY 125
IMAGING 125
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 125
PATHOLOGY 125
CLINICAL ISSUES 125
SELECTED REFERENCES 125
Chapter 32.\rColumn of Bertin 126
TERMINOLOGY 127
IMAGING 127
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 127
PATHOLOGY 127
CLINICAL ISSUES 127
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 127
SELECTED REFERENCES 127
Chapter 33.\rHorseshoe Kidney 128
TERMINOLOGY 129
IMAGING 129
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 129
PATHOLOGY 130
CLINICAL ISSUES 130
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 130
SELECTED REFERENCES 130
Chapter 34.\rRenal Ectopia and Agenesis 132
TERMINOLOGY 133
IMAGING 133
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 134
PATHOLOGY 134
CLINICAL ISSUES 134
SELECTED REFERENCES 134
Chapter 35.\rUreteropelvic Junction Obstruction 136
TERMINOLOGY 137
IMAGING 137
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 137
PATHOLOGY 138
CLINICAL ISSUES 138
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 138
SELECTED REFERENCES 138
Chapter 36.\rCongenital Megacalyces and Megaureter 140
TERMINOLOGY 141
IMAGING 141
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 141
PATHOLOGY 141
CLINICAL ISSUES 141
SELECTED REFERENCES 141
Chapter 37.\rRenal Lymphangiomatosis 142
TERMINOLOGY 143
IMAGING 143
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 143
PATHOLOGY 143
CLINICAL ISSUES 143
SELECTED REFERENCES 143
Chapter 38.\rAcute Pyelonephritis 144
TERMINOLOGY 145
IMAGING 145
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 145
PATHOLOGY 145
CLINICAL ISSUES 146
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 146
SELECTED REFERENCES 146
Chapter 39.\rChronic Pyelonephritis/Reflux Nephropathy 148
TERMINOLOGY 149
IMAGING 149
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 149
PATHOLOGY 149
CLINICAL ISSUES 149
SELECTED REFERENCES 149
Chapter 40.\rXanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis 150
TERMINOLOGY 151
IMAGING 151
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 151
PATHOLOGY 152
CLINICAL ISSUES 152
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 152
SELECTED REFERENCES 152
Chapter 41.\rEmphysematous Pyelonephritis 154
TERMINOLOGY 155
IMAGING 155
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 155
PATHOLOGY 155
CLINICAL ISSUES 155
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 155
SELECTED REFERENCES 155
Chapter 42.\rRenal Abscess 156
TERMINOLOGY 157
IMAGING 157
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 157
PATHOLOGY 157
CLINICAL ISSUES 158
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 158
SELECTED REFERENCES 158
Chapter 43.\rPyonephrosis 160
TERMINOLOGY 161
IMAGING 161
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 161
PATHOLOGY 161
CLINICAL ISSUES 161
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 161
SELECTED REFERENCES 161
Chapter 44.\rOpportunistic Renal Infections 162
TERMINOLOGY 163
IMAGING 163
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 163
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 163
SELECTED REFERENCES 163
Chapter 45.\rRenal Cyst 164
TERMINOLOGY 165
IMAGING 165
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 166
PATHOLOGY 166
CLINICAL ISSUES 166
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 166
SELECTED REFERENCES 166
Chapter 46.\rParapelvic (Peripelvic) Cyst 168
TERMINOLOGY 169
IMAGING 169
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 169
PATHOLOGY 169
CLINICAL ISSUES 169
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 169
SELECTED REFERENCES 169
Chapter 47.\rAutosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease 170
TERMINOLOGY 171
IMAGING 171
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 171
PATHOLOGY 171
CLINICAL ISSUES 172
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 172
SELECTED REFERENCES 172
Chapter 48.\rUremic Cystic Disease 174
TERMINOLOGY 175
IMAGING 175
PATHOLOGY 175
CLINICAL ISSUES 175
SELECTED REFERENCES 175
Chapter 49.\rvon Hippel-Lindau Disease 176
TERMINOLOGY 177
IMAGING 177
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 177
PATHOLOGY 177
CLINICAL ISSUES 177
SELECTED REFERENCES 177
Chapter 50.\rMedullary Cystic Kidney Disease 178
TERMINOLOGY 179
IMAGING 179
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 179
PATHOLOGY 179
CLINICAL ISSUES 179
SELECTED REFERENCES 179
Chapter 51.\rLithium Nephropathy 180
TERMINOLOGY 181
IMAGING 181
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 181
PATHOLOGY 181
CLINICAL ISSUES 181
SELECTED REFERENCES 181
Chapter 52.\rLocalized Cystic Renal Disease 182
TERMINOLOGY 183
IMAGING 183
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 183
PATHOLOGY 183
CLINICAL ISSUES 183
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 183
SELECTED REFERENCES 183
Chapter 53.\rRenal Angiomyolipoma 184
TERMINOLOGY 185
IMAGING 185
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 186
PATHOLOGY 186
CLINICAL ISSUES 187
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 187
SELECTED REFERENCES 187
Chapter 54.\rRenal Oncocytoma 190
TERMINOLOGY 191
IMAGING 191
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 191
PATHOLOGY 192
CLINICAL ISSUES 192
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 192
SELECTED REFERENCES 192
Chapter 55.\rMetanephric Adenoma 194
TERMINOLOGY 195
IMAGING 195
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 195
PATHOLOGY 195
CLINICAL ISSUES 195
SELECTED REFERENCES 195
Chapter 56.\rMultilocular Cystic Nephroma 196
TERMINOLOGY 197
IMAGING 197
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 197
PATHOLOGY 198
CLINICAL ISSUES 198
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 198
SELECTED REFERENCES 198
Chapter 57.\rMixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor 200
TERMINOLOGY 201
IMAGING 201
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 201
PATHOLOGY 201
CLINICAL ISSUES 201
SELECTED REFERENCES 201
Chapter 58.\rRenal Cell Carcinoma 202
TERMINOLOGY 203
IMAGING 203
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 203
PATHOLOGY 204
CLINICAL ISSUES 205
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 205
SELECTED REFERENCES 205
Chapter 59.\rRenal Cell Carcinoma Staging 208
Chapter 60.\rMedullary Carcinoma 232
TERMINOLOGY 233
IMAGING 233
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 233
PATHOLOGY 233
CLINICAL ISSUES 233
SELECTED REFERENCES 233
Chapter 61.\rCollecting Duct Carcinoma 234
TERMINOLOGY 235
IMAGING 235
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 235
PATHOLOGY 235
CLINICAL ISSUES 235
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 235
SELECTED REFERENCES 235
Chapter 62.\rRenal Transitional Cell Carcinoma 236
TERMINOLOGY 237
IMAGING 237
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 238
PATHOLOGY 238
CLINICAL ISSUES 238
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 238
SELECTED REFERENCES 238
Chapter 63.\rRenal Pelvis and Ureteral Carcinoma Staging 240
Chapter 64.\rRenal Lymphoma 256
TERMINOLOGY 257
IMAGING 257
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 257
PATHOLOGY 257
CLINICAL ISSUES 257
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 257
SELECTED REFERENCES 257
Chapter 65.\rRenal Metastases 258
TERMINOLOGY 259
IMAGING 259
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 259
PATHOLOGY 259
CLINICAL ISSUES 259
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 259
SELECTED REFERENCES 259
Chapter 66.\rNephrocalcinosis 260
TERMINOLOGY 261
IMAGING 261
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 261
PATHOLOGY 261
CLINICAL ISSUES 262
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 262
SELECTED REFERENCES 262
Chapter 67.\rUrolithiasis 264
TERMINOLOGY 265
IMAGING 265
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 266
PATHOLOGY 266
CLINICAL ISSUES 266
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 266
SELECTED REFERENCES 266
Chapter 68.\rParoxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria 268
TERMINOLOGY 269
IMAGING 269
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 269
PATHOLOGY 269
CLINICAL ISSUES 269
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 269
SELECTED REFERENCES 269
Chapter 69.\rHydronephrosis 270
TERMINOLOGY 271
IMAGING 271
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 271
PATHOLOGY 271
CLINICAL ISSUES 271
SELECTED REFERENCES 271
Chapter 70.\rGlomerulonephritis 272
TERMINOLOGY 273
IMAGING 273
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 273
PATHOLOGY 273
CLINICAL ISSUES 273
SELECTED REFERENCES 273
Chapter 71.\rAcute Tubular Necrosis 274
TERMINOLOGY 275
IMAGING 275
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 275
PATHOLOGY 275
CLINICAL ISSUES 275
SELECTED REFERENCES 275
Chapter 72.\rRenal Cortical Necrosis 276
TERMINOLOGY 277
IMAGING 277
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 277
PATHOLOGY 277
CLINICAL ISSUES 277
SELECTED REFERENCES 277
Chapter 73.\rRenal Papillary Necrosis 278
TERMINOLOGY 279
IMAGING 279
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 279
PATHOLOGY 279
CLINICAL ISSUES 279
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 279
SELECTED REFERENCES 279
Chapter 74.\rHIV Nephropathy 280
TERMINOLOGY 281
IMAGING 281
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 281
PATHOLOGY 281
CLINICAL ISSUES 281
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 281
SELECTED REFERENCES 281
Chapter 75.\rChronic Renal Failure 282
TERMINOLOGY 283
IMAGING 283
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 283
PATHOLOGY 283
CLINICAL ISSUES 283
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 283
SELECTED REFERENCES 283
Chapter 76.\rRenal Lipomatosis 284
TERMINOLOGY 285
IMAGING 285
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 285
PATHOLOGY 285
CLINICAL ISSUES 285
SELECTED REFERENCES 285
Chapter 77.\rRenal Artery Stenosis 286
TERMINOLOGY 287
IMAGING 287
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 287
PATHOLOGY 287
CLINICAL ISSUES 288
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 288
SELECTED REFERENCES 288
Chapter 78.\rRenal Infarction 290
TERMINOLOGY 291
IMAGING 291
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 292
PATHOLOGY 292
CLINICAL ISSUES 293
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 293
SELECTED REFERENCES 293
Chapter 79.\rRenal Vein Thrombosis 296
TERMINOLOGY 297
IMAGING 297
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 297
PATHOLOGY 297
CLINICAL ISSUES 298
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 298
SELECTED REFERENCES 298
Chapter 80.\rRenal Trauma 300
IMAGING 301
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 302
PATHOLOGY 302
CLINICAL ISSUES 302
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 302
SELECTED REFERENCES 302
Chapter 81.\rUrinoma 304
TERMINOLOGY 305
IMAGING 305
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 305
PATHOLOGY 305
CLINICAL ISSUES 305
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 305
SELECTED REFERENCES 305
Chapter 82.\rRenal Transplantation 306
IMAGING 307
CLINICAL ISSUES 308
SELECTED REFERENCES 308
Chapter 83.\rPostoperative State, Kidney 312
TERMINOLOGY 313
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 313
SELECTED REFERENCES 313
Chapter 84.\rRadiation Nephritis 316
TERMINOLOGY 317
IMAGING 317
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 317
PATHOLOGY 317
CLINICAL ISSUES 317
SELECTED REFERENCES 317
Chapter 85.\rContrast-Induced Nephropathy 318
TERMINOLOGY 319
IMAGING 319
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 319
PATHOLOGY 319
CLINICAL ISSUES 319
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 320
SELECTED REFERENCES 320
SECTION 5:\rUreter 323
Chapter 86.\rIntroduction to the Ureter 324
Anatomy 324
Imaging Techniques and Indications 324
Approach to the Abnormal Ureter 324
Selected References 324
Chapter 87.\rDuplicated and Ectopic Ureter 326
TERMINOLOGY 327
IMAGING 327
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 328
PATHOLOGY 328
CLINICAL ISSUES 328
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 328
SELECTED REFERENCES 328
Chapter 88.\rUreterocele 330
TERMINOLOGY 331
IMAGING 331
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 331
PATHOLOGY 331
CLINICAL ISSUES 332
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 332
SELECTED REFERENCES 332
Chapter 89.\rUreteritis Cystica 334
TERMINOLOGY 335
IMAGING 335
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 335
PATHOLOGY 335
CLINICAL ISSUES 335
SELECTED REFERENCES 335
Chapter 90.\rUreteral Stricture 336
TERMINOLOGY 337
IMAGING 337
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 337
CLINICAL ISSUES 337
SELECTED REFERENCES 337
Chapter 91.\rMalakoplakia 338
TERMINOLOGY 339
IMAGING 339
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 339
PATHOLOGY 339
CLINICAL ISSUES 339
SELECTED REFERENCES 339
Chapter 92.\rUreteral Trauma 340
TERMINOLOGY 341
IMAGING 341
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 341
PATHOLOGY 342
CLINICAL ISSUES 342
SELECTED REFERENCES 342
Chapter 93.\rPolyps 344
TERMINOLOGY 345
IMAGING 345
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 345
PATHOLOGY 345
CLINICAL ISSUES 345
SELECTED REFERENCES 345
Chapter 94.\rUreteral Transitional Cell Carcinoma 346
TERMINOLOGY 347
IMAGING 347
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 347
PATHOLOGY 347
CLINICAL ISSUES 348
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 348
SELECTED REFERENCES 348
Chapter 95.\rUreterectasis of Pregnancy 350
TERMINOLOGY 351
IMAGING 351
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 351
PATHOLOGY 351
CLINICAL ISSUES 351
SELECTED REFERENCES 351
SECTION 6:\rBladder 353
Chapter 96.\rIntroduction to the Bladder 354
Embryology and Anatomy 354
Imaging Techniques and Indications 354
Approach to the Bladder Mass 354
Selected References 355
Chapter 97.\rUrachal Anomalies 358
TERMINOLOGY 359
IMAGING 359
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 359
PATHOLOGY 359
CLINICAL ISSUES 359
SELECTED REFERENCES 359
Chapter 98.\rCystitis 362
TERMINOLOGY 363
IMAGING 363
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 363
PATHOLOGY 363
CLINICAL ISSUES 363
SELECTED REFERENCES 363
Chapter 99.\rBladder Schistosomiasis 364
TERMINOLOGY 365
IMAGING 365
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 365
PATHOLOGY 365
CLINICAL ISSUES 365
SELECTED REFERENCES 365
Chapter 100.\rBladder Calculi 366
TERMINOLOGY 367
IMAGING 367
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 367
PATHOLOGY 367
CLINICAL ISSUES 367
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 367
SELECTED REFERENCES 367
Chapter 101.\rBladder Diverticulum 368
TERMINOLOGY 369
IMAGING 369
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 369
PATHOLOGY 369
CLINICAL ISSUES 370
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 370
SELECTED REFERENCES 370
Chapter 102.\rFistulas of the Genitourinary Tract 372
TERMINOLOGY 373
IMAGING 373
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 373
PATHOLOGY 374
CLINICAL ISSUES 374
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 374
SELECTED REFERENCES 374
Chapter 103.\rNeurogenic Bladder 376
TERMINOLOGY 377
IMAGING 377
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 377
PATHOLOGY 377
CLINICAL ISSUES 377
SELECTED REFERENCES 377
Chapter 104.\rBladder Trauma 380
TERMINOLOGY 381
IMAGING 381
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 381
PATHOLOGY 381
CLINICAL ISSUES 382
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 382
SELECTED REFERENCES 382
Chapter 105.\rPostoperative State, Bladder 384
TERMINOLOGY 385
IMAGING 386
CLINICAL ISSUES 386
SELECTED REFERENCES 386
Chapter 106.\rMesenchymal Bladder Neoplasms 388
TERMINOLOGY 389
IMAGING 389
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 390
SELECTED REFERENCES 390
Chapter 107.\rBladder Inflammatory Pseudotumor 392
TERMINOLOGY 393
IMAGING 393
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 393
PATHOLOGY 393
CLINICAL ISSUES 393
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 393
SELECTED REFERENCES 393
Chapter 108.\rBladder and Ureteral Intramural Masses 394
TERMINOLOGY 395
IMAGING 395
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 395
PATHOLOGY 396
CLINICAL ISSUES 396
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 396
SELECTED REFERENCES 396
Chapter 109.\rUrinary Bladder Carcinoma 398
OVERVIEW 402
PATHOLOGY 402
IMAGING FINDINGS 403
CLINICAL ISSUES 405
REPORTING CHECKLIST 406
SELECTED REFERENCES 406
Chapter 110.\rSquamous Cell Carcinoma 416
TERMINOLOGY 417
IMAGING 417
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 417
PATHOLOGY 417
CLINICAL ISSUES 417
SELECTED REFERENCES 417
Chapter 111.\rAdenocarcinoma 418
TERMINOLOGY 419
IMAGING 419
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 419
PATHOLOGY 419
CLINICAL ISSUES 419
SELECTED REFERENCES 419
SECTION 7:\rUrethra/Penis 421
Chapter 112.\rIntroduction to the Urethra 422
Anatomy 422
Imaging Techniques and Indications 422
Chapter 113.\rUrethral Carcinoma 424
OVERVIEW 430
PATHOLOGY 430
IMAGING FINDINGS 430
CLINICAL ISSUES 431
REPORTING CHECKLIST 431
SELECTED REFERENCES 431
Chapter 114.\rUrethral Stricture 436
TERMINOLOGY 437
IMAGING 437
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 437
PATHOLOGY 437
CLINICAL ISSUES 437
SELECTED REFERENCES 437
Chapter 115.\rUrethral Diverticulum 438
TERMINOLOGY 439
IMAGING 439
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 439
PATHOLOGY 440
CLINICAL ISSUES 440
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 440
SELECTED REFERENCES 440
Chapter 116.\rUrethral Trauma 442
TERMINOLOGY 443
IMAGING 443
PATHOLOGY 443
CLINICAL ISSUES 443
SELECTED REFERENCES 443
Chapter 117.\rErectile Dysfunction 444
TERMINOLOGY 445
IMAGING 445
PATHOLOGY 445
CLINICAL ISSUES 445
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 445
SELECTED REFERENCES 445
SECTION 8:\rTestes 447
Chapter 118.\rApproach to Scrotal Sonography 448
Introduction 448
Ultrasound Technique for Scrotal Evaluation 448
Clinical Perspective 448
Summary 448
Selected References 448
Chapter 119.\rCryptorchidism 450
TERMINOLOGY 451
IMAGING 451
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 451
PATHOLOGY 451
CLINICAL ISSUES 451
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 451
SELECTED REFERENCES 451
Chapter 120.\rTesticular Torsion 452
TERMINOLOGY 453
IMAGING 453
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 453
PATHOLOGY 453
CLINICAL ISSUES 454
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 454
SELECTED REFERENCES 454
Chapter 121.\rSegmental Infarction 456
TERMINOLOGY 457
IMAGING 457
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 457
PATHOLOGY 457
CLINICAL ISSUES 457
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 457
SELECTED REFERENCES 457
Chapter 122.\rTubular Ectasia 458
TERMINOLOGY 459
IMAGING 459
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 459
PATHOLOGY 459
CLINICAL ISSUES 459
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 459
SELECTED REFERENCES 459
Chapter 123.\rTesticular Microlithiasis 460
TERMINOLOGY 461
IMAGING 461
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 461
PATHOLOGY 461
CLINICAL ISSUES 461
SELECTED REFERENCES 461
Chapter 124.\rGerm Cell Tumors 464
TERMINOLOGY 465
IMAGING 465
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 465
PATHOLOGY 466
CLINICAL ISSUES 466
SELECTED REFERENCES 466
Chapter 125.\rTesticular Carcinoma Staging 468
Chapter 126.\rStromal Tumors 480
TERMINOLOGY 481
IMAGING 481
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 481
PATHOLOGY 481
CLINICAL ISSUES 481
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 481
SELECTED REFERENCES 481
Chapter 127.\rTesticular Lymphoma and Leukemia 484
TERMINOLOGY 485
IMAGING 485
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 485
PATHOLOGY 485
CLINICAL ISSUES 485
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 485
SELECTED REFERENCES 485
Chapter 128.\rEpidermoid Cyst 486
TERMINOLOGY 487
IMAGING 487
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 487
PATHOLOGY 487
CLINICAL ISSUES 487
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 487
SELECTED REFERENCES 487
SECTION 9:\rEpididymis 489
Chapter 129.\rEpididymitis 490
TERMINOLOGY 491
IMAGING 491
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 491
PATHOLOGY 491
CLINICAL ISSUES 492
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 492
SELECTED REFERENCES 492
Chapter 130.\rAdenomatoid Tumor 494
TERMINOLOGY 495
IMAGING 495
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 495
PATHOLOGY 495
CLINICAL ISSUES 495
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 495
SELECTED REFERENCES 495
Chapter 131.\rSpermatocele/Epididymal Cyst 496
TERMINOLOGY 497
IMAGING 497
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 497
PATHOLOGY 497
CLINICAL ISSUES 497
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 497
SELECTED REFERENCES 497
Chapter 132.\rSperm Granuloma 498
TERMINOLOGY 499
IMAGING 499
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 499
PATHOLOGY 499
CLINICAL ISSUES 499
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 499
SELECTED REFERENCES 499
SECTION 10:\rScrotum 501
Chapter 133.\rHydrocele 502
TERMINOLOGY 503
IMAGING 503
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 503
PATHOLOGY 503
CLINICAL ISSUES 503
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 503
SELECTED REFERENCES 503
Chapter 134.\rVaricocele 504
TERMINOLOGY 505
IMAGING 505
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 505
PATHOLOGY 505
CLINICAL ISSUES 505
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 505
SELECTED REFERENCES 505
Chapter 135.\rPyocele 506
TERMINOLOGY 507
IMAGING 507
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 507
PATHOLOGY 507
CLINICAL ISSUES 507
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 507
SELECTED REFERENCES 507
Chapter 136.\rHernia 508
TERMINOLOGY 509
IMAGING 509
SELECTED REFERENCES 509
Chapter 137.\rFournier Gangrene 512
TERMINOLOGY 513
IMAGING 513
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 513
PATHOLOGY 513
CLINICAL ISSUES 513
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 513
SELECTED REFERENCES 513
Chapter 138.\rScrotal Trauma 514
TERMINOLOGY 515
IMAGING 515
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 515
PATHOLOGY 515
CLINICAL ISSUES 515
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 515
SELECTED REFERENCES 515
SECTION 11:\rSeminal Vesicles 519
Chapter 139.\rCongenital Lesions 520
TERMINOLOGY 521
IMAGING 521
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 521
PATHOLOGY 521
CLINICAL ISSUES 521
SELECTED REFERENCES 521
Chapter 140.\rAcquired Seminal Vesicle Lesions 522
TERMINOLOGY 523
IMAGING 523
PATHOLOGY 524
CLINICAL ISSUES 524
SELECTED REFERENCES 524
SECTION 12:\rProstate 527
Chapter 141.\rProstatitis and Abscess 528
TERMINOLOGY 529
IMAGING 529
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 529
PATHOLOGY 529
CLINICAL ISSUES 529
SELECTED REFERENCES 529
Chapter 142.\rBenign Prostatic Hypertrophy 530
TERMINOLOGY 531
IMAGING 531
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 531
PATHOLOGY 531
CLINICAL ISSUES 531
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 531
SELECTED REFERENCES 531
Chapter 143.\rProstatic Cyst 532
TERMINOLOGY 533
IMAGING 533
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 533
CLINICAL ISSUES 533
SELECTED REFERENCES 533
Chapter 144.\rProstate Carcinoma 534
TERMINOLOGY 535
IMAGING 535
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 536
PATHOLOGY 536
CLINICAL ISSUES 536
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST 537
SELECTED REFERENCES 537
Chapter 145.\rProstate Carcinoma Staging 540
SECTION 13:\rProcedures 553
Chapter 146.\rPercutaneous Genitourinary Interventions 554
TERMINOLOGY 555
PREPROCEDURE 555
PROCEDURE 556
POST PROCEDURE 559
OUTCOMES 560
SELECTED REFERENCES 560
Chapter 147.\rKidney Ablation/Embolization 566
TERMINOLOGY 567
PREPROCEDURE 567
PROCEDURE 568
POST PROCEDURE 569
OUTCOMES 570
SELECTED REFERENCES 570
Chapter 148.\rPost Kidney Transplant Procedures 578
TERMINOLOGY 579
PREPROCEDURE 579
PROCEDURE 581
POST PROCEDURE 583
OUTCOMES 584
SELECTED REFERENCES 584
Chapter 149.\rVenous Sampling and Venography (Renal and Adrenal) 590
TERMINOLOGY 591
PREPROCEDURE 591
PROCEDURE 592
POST PROCEDURE 592
OUTCOMES 592
SELECTED REFERENCES 592
Chapter 150.\rFertility and Sterility Interventions 594
TERMINOLOGY 595
PREPROCEDURE 595
PROCEDURE 596
POST PROCEDURE 596
OUTCOMES 596
SELECTED REFERENCES 596
INDEX I-i