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Book Details
Abstract
In this updated edition of Basic Immunology, the authors continue to deliver a clear, modern introduction to immunology, making this the obvious choice for today's busy students. Their experience as teachers, course directors, and lecturers helps them to distill the core information required to understand this complex field. Through the use of high-quality illustrations, relevant clinical cases, and concise, focused text, it's a perfectly accessible introduction to the workings of the human immune system, with an emphasis on clinical relevance.
- Concise, clinically focused content is logically organized by mechanism for efficient mastery of the material.
- Features an appendix of clinical cases and CD molecules.
- Includes numerous full-color illustrations, useful tables, and chapter outlines.
- Focus questions within each chapter are ideal for self-assessment and review.
- Key points bolded throughout the text make it easy to locate important information.
- Presents information in a format and style that maximizes usefulness to students and teachers studying medicine, allied health fields, and biology.
- Fully updated content equips you with the latest relevant advances in immunology.
- Revised and updated artwork enhances your visual learning of important principles and reduces the excessive factual details found in larger textbooks.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| BASIC IMMUNOLOGY: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| PREFACE | vii | ||
| CONTENTS | ix | ||
| 1 - Introduction to the Immune System: Nomenclature, General Properties, and Components | 1 | ||
| INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY | 3 | ||
| TYPES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY | 4 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES | 6 | ||
| Specificity and Diversity | 6 | ||
| Memory | 8 | ||
| Other Features of Adaptive Immunity | 9 | ||
| CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 9 | ||
| Lymphocytes | 10 | ||
| Antigen-Presenting Cells | 14 | ||
| TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM | 15 | ||
| Peripheral Lymphoid Organs | 15 | ||
| Lymphocyte Recirculation and Migration into Tissues | 19 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF IMMUNE RESPONSES TO MICROBES | 21 | ||
| Early Innate Immune Response to Microbes | 21 | ||
| Adaptive Immune Response | 21 | ||
| Initiation of Adaptive Immune Response | 22 | ||
| Capture and Display of Microbial Antigens | 23 | ||
| Cell-Mediated Immunity: Activation of T Lymphocytes and Elimination of Cell-Associated Microbes | 23 | ||
| Humoral Immunity: Activation of B Lymphocytes and Elimination of Extracellular Microbes | 23 | ||
| Decline of Immune Responses and Immunologic Memory | 24 | ||
| SUMMARY | 24 | ||
| 2 - Innate Immunity: The Early Defense Against Infections | 27 | ||
| GENERAL FEATURES AND SPECIFICITY OF INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES | 28 | ||
| CELLULAR RECEPTORS FOR MICROBES AND DAMAGED CELLS | 30 | ||
| Toll-Like Receptors | 30 | ||
| NOD-Like Receptors and the Inflammasome | 31 | ||
| Other Cellular Receptors of Innate Immunity | 33 | ||
| COMPONENTS OF INNATE IMMUNITY | 35 | ||
| Epithelial Barriers | 35 | ||
| Phagocytes: Neutrophils and Monocytes/Macrophages | 35 | ||
| Dendritic Cells | 37 | ||
| Mast Cells | 37 | ||
| Innate Lymphoid Cells | 38 | ||
| Natural Killer Cells | 39 | ||
| Lymphocytes with Limited Diversity | 41 | ||
| Complement System | 41 | ||
| Other Plasma Proteins of Innate Immunity | 43 | ||
| Cytokines of Innate Immunity | 43 | ||
| INNATE IMMUNE REACTIONS | 45 | ||
| Inflammation | 46 | ||
| Antiviral Defense | 49 | ||
| Regulation of Innate Immune Responses | 50 | ||
| Microbial Evasion of Innate Immunity | 50 | ||
| ROLE OF INNATE IMMUNITY IN STIMULATING ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES | 51 | ||
| SUMMARY | 52 | ||
| 3 - Antigen Capture and Presentation to Lymphocytes: What Lymphocytes See | 55 | ||
| ANTIGENS RECOGNIZED BY T LYMPHOCYTES | 56 | ||
| CAPTURE OF PROTEIN ANTIGENS BY ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS | 57 | ||
| STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX MOLECULES | 62 | ||
| Structure of MHC Molecules | 63 | ||
| Class I MHC Molecules | 63 | ||
| Class II MHC Molecules | 64 | ||
| Properties of MHC Genes and Proteins | 64 | ||
| Nomenclature of HLA Genes and Proteins | 64 | ||
| Peptide Binding to MHC Molecules | 65 | ||
| PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION OF PROTEIN ANTIGENS | 68 | ||
| Processing of Internalized Antigens for Display by Class II MHC Molecules | 69 | ||
| Processing of Cytosolic Antigens for Display by Class I MHC Molecules | 71 | ||
| Cross-Presentation of Internalized Antigens to CD8+ T Cells | 73 | ||
| Physiologic Significance of MHC-Associated Antigen Presentation | 73 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS IN ADDITION TO ANTIGEN DISPLAY | 76 | ||
| ANTIGEN RECOGNITION BY B CELLS AND OTHER LYMPHOCYTES | 77 | ||
| SUMMARY | 77 | ||
| 4 - Antigen Recognition in the Adaptive Immune System: Structure of Lymphocyte Antigen Receptors and Development of Immune Repertoires | 79 | ||
| ANTIGEN RECEPTORS OF LYMPHOCYTES | 81 | ||
| Antibodies | 82 | ||
| Binding of Antigens by Antibodies | 84 | ||
| Monoclonal Antibodies | 86 | ||
| T Cell Receptors for Antigens | 89 | ||
| Antigen Recognition by the TCR | 89 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE REPERTOIRES | 90 | ||
| Lymphocyte Development | 91 | ||
| Production of Diverse Antigen Receptors | 93 | ||
| Inherited Antigen Receptor Genes | 93 | ||
| Somatic Recombination and Expression of Antigen Receptor Genes | 93 | ||
| Mechanisms of V(D)J Recombination | 95 | ||
| Generation of Ig and TCR Diversity | 96 | ||
| Maturation and Selection of B Lymphocytes | 96 | ||
| Early Steps in B Cell Maturation. The Ig heavy-chain locus rearranges first, and only cells that are able to make an Ig μ heavy-... | 96 | ||
| Role of the Pre-BCR Complex in B Cell Maturation. The assembled pre-BCR serves essential functions in the maturation of B cells | 98 | ||
| Completion of B Cell Maturation. The IgM-expressing B lymphocyte is the immature B cell. Its further maturation may occur in the... | 99 | ||
| Selection of Mature B Cells. Developing B cells are positively selected based mainly on expression of complete antigen receptors... | 99 | ||
| Subsets of Mature B Cells. Most mature B cells are called follicular B cells because they are found within lymph node and spleen... | 99 | ||
| Maturation and Selection of T Lymphocytes | 99 | ||
| Early Steps in T Cell Maturation. The least developed progenitors in the thymus are called pro-T cells or double-negative T cell... | 99 | ||
| Selection of Mature T Cells. Different clones of double-positive T cells express different αβ TCRs. If the TCR of a T cell recog... | 101 | ||
| SUMMARY | 101 | ||
| 5 - T Cell–Mediated Immunity: Activation of T Lymphocytes by Cell-Associated Antigens | 103 | ||
| PHASES OF T CELL RESPONSES | 104 | ||
| ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND COSTIMULATION | 107 | ||
| Recognition of MHC-Associated Peptides | 107 | ||
| Role of Adhesion Molecules in T Cell Responses | 110 | ||
| Role of Costimulation in T Cell Activation | 110 | ||
| Inhibitory Receptors of T Cells | 111 | ||
| Stimuli for Activation of CD8+ T Cells | 112 | ||
| BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF T CELL ACTIVATION | 113 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES OF T LYMPHOCYTES TO ANTIGEN AND COSTIMULATION | 117 | ||
| Secretion of Cytokines and Expression of Cytokine Receptors | 117 | ||
| Clonal Expansion | 119 | ||
| Differentiation of Naive T Cells into Effector Cells | 120 | ||
| Development of Memory T Lymphocytes | 120 | ||
| MIGRATION OF T LYMPHOCYTES IN CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE REACTIONS | 121 | ||
| Decline of the Immune Response | 126 | ||
| SUMMARY | 126 | ||
| 6 - Effector Mechanisms of T Cell–Mediated Immunity: Functions of T Cells in Host Defense | 129 | ||
| TYPES OF T CELL–MEDIATED IMMUNE REACTIONS | 129 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS OF CD4+ EFFECTOR T LYMPHOCYTES | 132 | ||
| Subsets of CD4+ Helper T Cells Distinguished by Cytokine Profiles | 132 | ||
| Th1 Cells | 133 | ||
| Development of Th1 Cells | 135 | ||
| Th2 Cells | 136 | ||
| Development of Th2 Cells | 139 | ||
| Th17 Cells | 140 | ||
| Development of Th17 Cells | 141 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONS OF CD8+ CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES | 141 | ||
| RESISTANCE OF PATHOGENIC MICROBES TO CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY | 143 | ||
| SUMMARY | 146 | ||
| 7 - Humoral Immune Responses: Activation of B Lymphocytes and Production of Antibodies | 147 | ||
| PHASES AND TYPES OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES | 148 | ||
| STIMULATION OF B LYMPHOCYTES BY ANTIGEN | 151 | ||
| Antigen-Induced Signaling in B Cells | 151 | ||
| Role of Innate Immune Signals in B Cell Activation | 152 | ||
| Functional Consequences of B Cell Activation by Antigen | 154 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF HELPER T LYMPHOCYTES IN HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES | 154 | ||
| Activation and Migration of Helper T Cells | 156 | ||
| Presentation of Antigens by B Lymphocytes to Helper T Cells | 157 | ||
| Mechanisms of Helper T Cell–Mediated Activation of B Lymphocytes | 158 | ||
| Extrafollicular and Germinal Center Reactions | 159 | ||
| Heavy-Chain Isotype (Class) Switching | 160 | ||
| Affinity Maturation | 163 | ||
| Generation of Plasma Cells and Memory B Cells | 165 | ||
| ANTIBODY RESPONSES TO T-INDEPENDENT ANTIGENS | 165 | ||
| REGULATION OF HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSES: ANTIBODY FEEDBACK | 166 | ||
| SUMMARY | 167 | ||
| 8 - Effector Mechanisms of Humoral Immunity: Elimination of Extracellular Microbes and Toxins | 169 | ||
| PROPERTIES OF ANTIBODIES THAT DETERMINE EFFECTOR FUNCTION | 170 | ||
| NEUTRALIZATION OF MICROBES AND MICROBIAL TOXINS | 173 | ||
| OPSONIZATION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS | 174 | ||
| ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY | 175 | ||
| IMMUNOGLOBULIN E– AND EOSINOPHIL/MAST CELL–MEDIATED REACTIONS | 176 | ||
| THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM | 176 | ||
| Pathways of Complement Activation | 176 | ||
| Functions of the Complement System | 179 | ||
| Regulation of Complement Activation | 182 | ||
| FUNCTIONS OF ANTIBODIES AT SPECIAL ANATOMIC SITES | 184 | ||
| Mucosal Immunity | 184 | ||
| Neonatal Immunity | 185 | ||
| EVASION OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY BY MICROBES | 186 | ||
| VACCINATION | 186 | ||
| SUMMARY | 188 | ||
| 9 - Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity: Self–Nonself Discrimination in the Immune System and Its Failure | 191 | ||
| IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE: SIGNIFICANCE AND MECHANISMS | 192 | ||
| CENTRAL T LYMPHOCYTE TOLERANCE | 194 | ||
| PERIPHERAL T LYMPHOCYTE TOLERANCE | 195 | ||
| Anergy | 196 | ||
| Regulation of T Cell Responses by Inhibitory Receptors | 197 | ||
| Immune Suppression by Regulatory T Cells | 198 | ||
| Deletion: Apoptosis of Mature Lymphocytes | 199 | ||
| B LYMPHOCYTE TOLERANCE | 201 | ||
| Central B Cell Tolerance | 201 | ||
| Peripheral B Cell Tolerance | 202 | ||
| TOLERANCE TO COMMENSAL MICROBES AND FETAL ANTIGENS | 203 | ||
| Tolerance to Commensal Microbes in the Intestines and Skin | 203 | ||
| Tolerance to Fetal Antigens | 203 | ||
| AUTOIMMUNITY | 203 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 204 | ||
| Genetic Factors | 205 | ||
| Role of Infections and Other Environmental Influences | 206 | ||
| SUMMARY | 209 | ||
| 10 - Immune Responses Against Tumors and Transplants: Immunity to Noninfectious Transformed and Foreign Cells | 211 | ||
| IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST TUMORS | 212 | ||
| Tumor Antigens | 212 | ||
| Immune Mechanisms of Tumor Rejection | 214 | ||
| Evasion of Immune Responses by Tumors | 214 | ||
| Cancer Immunotherapy | 216 | ||
| Passive Immunotherapy | 217 | ||
| Stimulation of Host Antitumor Immune Responses | 218 | ||
| IMMUNE RESPONSES AGAINST TRANSPLANTS | 219 | ||
| Transplantation Antigens | 220 | ||
| Induction of Immune Responses Against Transplants | 222 | ||
| Immune Mechanisms of Graft Rejection | 224 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment of Graft Rejection | 225 | ||
| Transplantation of Blood Cells and Hematopoietic Stem Cells | 227 | ||
| SUMMARY | 228 | ||
| 11 - Hypersensitivity: Disorders Caused by Immune Responses | 231 | ||
| TYPES OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS | 231 | ||
| IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY | 233 | ||
| Activation of Th2 Cells and Production of IgE Antibody | 233 | ||
| Activation of Mast Cells and Secretion of Mediators | 234 | ||
| Clinical Syndromes and Therapy | 237 | ||
| DISEASES CAUSED BY ANTIBODIES AND ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES | 238 | ||
| Etiology of Antibody-Mediated Diseases | 239 | ||
| Mechanisms of Tissue Injury and Disease | 240 | ||
| Clinical Syndromes and Therapy | 240 | ||
| DISEASES CAUSED BY T LYMPHOCYTES | 242 | ||
| Etiology of T Cell–Mediated Diseases | 243 | ||
| Mechanisms of Tissue Injury | 243 | ||
| Clinical Syndromes and Therapy | 245 | ||
| SUMMARY | 245 | ||
| 12 - Congenital and Acquired Immunodeficiencies: Diseases Caused by Defective Immunity | 249 | ||
| CONGENITAL (PRIMARY) IMMUNODEFICIENCIES | 250 | ||
| Defects in Lymphocyte Maturation | 250 | ||
| Severe Combined Immunodeficiency | 250 | ||
| Defects in Maturation of B or T Lymphocytes | 253 | ||
| Defects in Lymphocyte Activation and Function | 253 | ||
| Defects in B Cell Responses | 253 | ||
| Defective Activation of T Lymphocytes | 254 | ||
| Defects in Innate Immunity | 255 | ||
| Lymphocyte Abnormalities Associated with Other Diseases | 257 | ||
| Therapy of Congenital Immunodeficiencies | 257 | ||
| ACQUIRED (SECONDARY) IMMUNODEFICIENCIES | 258 | ||
| ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 258 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 259 | ||
| Pathogenesis of AIDS | 259 | ||
| Clinical Features of HIV Infection and AIDS | 263 | ||
| Therapy and Vaccination Strategies | 264 | ||
| SUMMARY | 265 | ||
| SELECTED READINGS | 267 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 267 | ||
| General Introduction and Foundations of | 267 | ||
| Lymphocytes: Life History and Functions | 267 | ||
| Cells and Tissues of the Immune System | 267 | ||
| Lymphocyte Migration | 267 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 267 | ||
| Pattern Recognition Receptors and Their | 267 | ||
| Cells of the Innate Immune System | 267 | ||
| Acute Inflammation | 267 | ||
| Antiviral Innate Immunity | 268 | ||
| Other Functions of Innate Immunity | 268 | ||
| Diseases of Innate Immunity | 268 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 268 | ||
| Dendritic Cells in Antigen Capture and P | 268 | ||
| Structure of MHC Genes, MHC Molecules, a | 268 | ||
| Protein Antigen Processing and MHC-Assoc | 268 | ||
| Cross-Presentation | 268 | ||
| Non-Classical Antigen Presentation | 268 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 268 | ||
| Structure and Function of Antibodies | 268 | ||
| Structure and Function of the T Cell Rec | 268 | ||
| B and T Lymphocyte Development | 269 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 269 | ||
| T Cell Antigen Recognition and Costimula | 269 | ||
| Biochemical Signals in T Cell Activation | 269 | ||
| Functional Responses to T Cell Activatio | 269 | ||
| Memory T Cells | 269 | ||
| T Cell Migration | 269 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 269 | ||
| CD4 Helper T Cell Subsets | 269 | ||
| CD8 Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes | 270 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 270 | ||
| Helper T Cell–Dependent Antibody Respons | 270 | ||
| T-Independent B Cell Responses | 270 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 270 | ||
| Antibody Effector Functions and Fc Recep | 270 | ||
| Complement | 270 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 270 | ||
| Immunological Tolerance: General Mechani | 270 | ||
| Central Tolerance | 270 | ||
| Anergy; Inhibitory Receptors | 271 | ||
| Apoptosis | 271 | ||
| Regulatory T Cells | 271 | ||
| Mechanisms of Autoimmunity: Genetics and | 271 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 271 | ||
| Immune Responses to Tumors | 271 | ||
| Tumor Immunotherapy | 271 | ||
| Recognition and Rejection of Allogeneic | 272 | ||
| Clinical Transplantation | 272 | ||
| Immunosuppression and Tolerance Inductio | 272 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 272 | ||
| Immediate Hypersensitivity | 272 | ||
| Diseases Caused by T Lymphocytes | 272 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 272 | ||
| Congenital (Primary) Immunodeficiencies | 272 | ||
| HIV and AIDS | 273 | ||
| APPENDIX I - Glossary | 275 | ||
| A | 275 | ||
| B | 278 | ||
| C | 279 | ||
| D | 282 | ||
| E | 283 | ||
| F | 283 | ||
| G | 285 | ||
| H | 285 | ||
| I | 287 | ||
| J | 289 | ||
| K | 290 | ||
| L | 290 | ||
| M | 291 | ||
| N | 292 | ||
| O | 293 | ||
| P | 293 | ||
| R | 296 | ||
| S | 297 | ||
| T | 298 | ||
| U | 300 | ||
| V | 300 | ||
| W | 300 | ||
| X | 301 | ||
| Z | 301 | ||
| APPENDIX II - Cytokines | 303 | ||
| APPENDIX III - Principal Features of Selected CD Molecules | 307 | ||
| APPENDIX IV - CLINICAL CASES | 315 | ||
| CASE 1: LYMPHOMA | 315 | ||
| Answers to Questions for Case 1 | 316 | ||
| CASE 2: HEART TRANSPLANTATION COMPLICATED BY ALLOGRAFT REJECTION | 318 | ||
| Answers to Questions for Case 2 | 319 | ||
| CASE 3: ALLERGIC ASTHMA | 320 | ||
| Answers to Questions for Case 3 | 322 | ||
| CASE 4: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS | 322 | ||
| Answers to Questions for Case 4 | 324 | ||
| CASE 5: HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION: ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME | 324 | ||
| Answers to Questions for Case 5 | 326 | ||
| INDEX | 329 | ||
| A | 329 | ||
| B | 329 | ||
| C | 329 | ||
| D | 330 | ||
| E | 331 | ||
| F | 331 | ||
| G | 331 | ||
| H | 331 | ||
| I | 331 | ||
| J | 332 | ||
| K | 332 | ||
| L | 332 | ||
| M | 333 | ||
| N | 333 | ||
| O | 333 | ||
| P | 333 | ||
| R | 333 | ||
| S | 334 | ||
| T | 334 | ||
| U | 335 | ||
| V | 335 | ||
| W | 335 | ||
| X | 335 | ||
| Z | 335 |