Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Injuries to the elbow are common, usually occur secondary to indirect trauma and are often accompanied by injury to shoulder or wrist joints. It is important to assess injuries promptly and accurately, taking into account age and the mechanism of injury, particularly because of the risk of accompanying vascular involvement. This issue will include articles on Anatomy and Exposures, Simple Elbow Dislocations, Radial Head Fractures, Complex Elbow Instability: Radial Head and Coronoid, Varus Posteromedial Instability, Monteggia and Trans-olecranon Injuries, Olecranon Fractures, Arthroscopic management of Elbow FracturesÂ
Elbow trauma in the Athlete, Soft Tissue Coverage of the Elbow and many more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Management of Elbow \rTrauma | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Elbow Trauma—It’s All in the Details\r | vii | ||
| Management of Elbow Trauma: Anatomy and Exposures\r | vii | ||
| Simple Elbow Dislocation\r | vii | ||
| Fractures of the Radial Head\r | vii | ||
| Complex Elbow Instability: Radial Head and Coronoid\r | vii | ||
| Varus Posteromedial Instability\r | viii | ||
| Adult Monteggia and Olecranon Fracture Dislocations of the Elbow\r | viii | ||
| Olecranon Fractures\r | viii | ||
| Distal Humerus Fractures: Open Reduction Internal Fixation\r | viii | ||
| Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Distal Humerus Fractures\r | viii | ||
| Capitellar and Trochlear Fractures\r | ix | ||
| Distal Biceps Injuries\r | ix | ||
| Distal Triceps Tendon Injuries\r | ix | ||
| Arthroscopic Management of Elbow Fractures\r | ix | ||
| Elbow Trauma in the Athlete\r | x | ||
| Complications of Elbow Trauma\r | x | ||
| Soft-Tissue Coverage for Elbow Trauma\r | x | ||
| HAND CLINICS\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| May 2016 | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2015 | xi | ||
| May 2015 | xi | ||
| February 2015 | xi | ||
| Preface: Elbow Trauma—It’s All in the Details \r | xiii | ||
| Management of Elbow Trauma | 509 | ||
| Key points | 509 | ||
| RELEVANT ELBOW ANATOMY | 509 | ||
| GENERAL PRINCIPLES | 511 | ||
| APPROACHES | 511 | ||
| Distal Humerus Fractures | 511 | ||
| The Alonso-Llames approach (bilaterotricipital approach) | 512 | ||
| Posterior triceps-splitting approaches | 513 | ||
| Olecranon osteotomy | 513 | ||
| Bryan-Morrey approach | 513 | ||
| Fractures of the Radial Head and Capitellum | 515 | ||
| Kaplan approach | 515 | ||
| Kocher approach | 515 | ||
| Fractures of the Coronoid and Medial Epicondyle | 517 | ||
| Flexor carpi ulnaris interval approach | 517 | ||
| Fractures of the Olecranon and Proximal Ulna | 518 | ||
| SUMMARY | 518 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 518 | ||
| REFERENCES | 518 | ||
| Simple Elbow Dislocation | 521 | ||
| Key points | 521 | ||
| ELBOW STABILITY | 521 | ||
| MECHANISM OF INJURY | 521 | ||
| CASE EXAMPLES | 522 | ||
| Case | 522 | ||
| Case | 524 | ||
| SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT APPROACH | 524 | ||
| CASE EXAMPLES | 529 | ||
| Case | 529 | ||
| Case | 530 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS IN THE LITERATURE | 530 | ||
| SUMMARY | 530 | ||
| REFERENCES | 530 | ||
| Fractures of the Radial Head | 533 | ||
| Key points | 533 | ||
| INTRODUCTION AND ANATOMIC PRINCIPALS | 533 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 534 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 534 | ||
| ACCOMPANYING LESIONS | 536 | ||
| CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND IMAGING STUDIES | 536 | ||
| THERAPY | 537 | ||
| Mason I | 537 | ||
| Mason II | 538 | ||
| Mason III and IV | 539 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 542 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 542 | ||
| Open Reduction and Internal Fixation | 542 | ||
| Arthroplasty | 543 | ||
| Ligament Repair | 543 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE REHABILITATION | 544 | ||
| REFERENCES | 544 | ||
| Complex Elbow Instability | 547 | ||
| Key points | 547 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 547 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 548 | ||
| Cornerstones of Surgical Management | 548 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 548 | ||
| Preparation and Patient Positioning | 549 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 549 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 549 | ||
| Fix the coronoid fracture | 549 | ||
| Fix or replace the radial head | 550 | ||
| Repair the lateral ulnar collateral ligament complex | 551 | ||
| Assess elbow stability within 30°–130° degrees of flexion-extension arc with the forearm in full pronation | 552 | ||
| Repair the medial ulnar collateral ligament complex if elbow is unstable | 552 | ||
| Apply hinged external fixator for persistent elbow instability despite medial ulnar collateral ligament complex repair to m ... | 552 | ||
| REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY | 552 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS | 553 | ||
| SUMMARY | 555 | ||
| REFERENCES | 555 | ||
| Varus Posteromedial Instability | 557 | ||
| Key points | 557 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 557 | ||
| ANATOMY | 557 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 558 | ||
| IMAGING STUDIES | 558 | ||
| NONOPERATIVE VERSUS SURGICAL TREATMENT | 559 | ||
| SURGICAL MANAGEMENT | 559 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 559 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 559 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 560 | ||
| Coronoid Fracture Fixation | 560 | ||
| Lateral Collateral Ligament Repair | 560 | ||
| Indications | 560 | ||
| Surgical procedure | 560 | ||
| REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY | 562 | ||
| Immediate Postoperative Care | 562 | ||
| Stage I (0–3 weeks) | 562 | ||
| Stage II (3–6 weeks) | 562 | ||
| Stage III (6–12 weeks) | 562 | ||
| Stage IV (3–6 months) | 562 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS IN THE LITERATURE | 562 | ||
| SUMMARY | 562 | ||
| REFERENCES | 563 | ||
| Adult Monteggia and Olecranon Fracture Dislocations of the Elbow | 565 | ||
| Key points | 565 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 565 | ||
| ANATOMY | 566 | ||
| Bony Structures | 566 | ||
| Ligamentous Structures | 567 | ||
| Elbow Stability | 567 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 568 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATTERNS OF INJURY | 569 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 570 | ||
| Reduction and Fixation of the Ulna | 570 | ||
| Management of Radial Head Fractures | 572 | ||
| Residual and Late Instability | 573 | ||
| RESULTS AND COMPLICATIONS | 573 | ||
| SUMMARY | 578 | ||
| REFERENCES | 578 | ||
| Olecranon Fractures | 581 | ||
| Key points | 581 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 581 | ||
| ANATOMY | 581 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 581 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 582 | ||
| NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT | 583 | ||
| OPERATIVE TREATMENT | 583 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE COURSE | 586 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 587 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 587 | ||
| SUMMARY | 588 | ||
| REFERENCES | 589 | ||
| Distal Humerus Fractures | 591 | ||
| Key points | 591 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 591 | ||
| Anatomy | 592 | ||
| Classification | 592 | ||
| Indications and Contraindications | 592 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 592 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 592 | ||
| Preparation and Patient Positioning | 593 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 593 | ||
| Types A, B1, and B2: paratricipital approach, joint exposure not required | 593 | ||
| Types B3 and C: olecranon osteotomy, joint exposure required | 594 | ||
| Severely comminuted fractures | 596 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 596 | ||
| Reduction and fixation of intra-articular fractures | 596 | ||
| Plate placement | 597 | ||
| Ulnar nerve | 598 | ||
| Immediate Postoperative Care | 600 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS IN THE LITERATURE | 601 | ||
| Ulnar Neuropathy | 601 | ||
| Nonunion | 601 | ||
| Infection | 602 | ||
| Heterotopic Ossification | 602 | ||
| Stiffness | 602 | ||
| Failure of Olecranon Osteotomy | 602 | ||
| SUMMARY | 602 | ||
| REFERENCES | 603 | ||
| Total Elbow Arthroplasty for Distal Humerus Fractures | 605 | ||
| Key points | 605 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 605 | ||
| RATIONALE | 605 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 606 | ||
| Approach | 606 | ||
| Implants | 607 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 607 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 608 | ||
| ARTHROPLASTY AFTER FAILED OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION | 608 | ||
| SUMMARY | 613 | ||
| REFERENCES | 613 | ||
| Capitellar and Trochlear Fractures | 615 | ||
| Key points | 615 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 615 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 616 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 616 | ||
| Fracture Classification | 616 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 621 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 622 | ||
| Fracture Fixation | 622 | ||
| Immediate Postoperative Care | 626 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Recovery | 626 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS IN THE LITERATURE | 626 | ||
| Open Reduction and Internal Fixation | 627 | ||
| Fragment Excision | 627 | ||
| Closed Reduction | 627 | ||
| Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction and Internal Fixation | 627 | ||
| Arthroplasty | 627 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 628 | ||
| SUMMARY | 629 | ||
| REFERENCES | 629 | ||
| Distal Biceps Injuries | 631 | ||
| Key points | 631 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 631 | ||
| HISTORY | 631 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 632 | ||
| IMAGING | 632 | ||
| NONOPERATIVE TREATMENT | 632 | ||
| RESULTS OF OPERATIVE TREATMENT | 633 | ||
| SURGICAL PLANNING | 634 | ||
| Author's Preferred Technique—Modified 2-Incision Technique | 634 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 635 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 635 | ||
| REHABILITATION | 637 | ||
| FUTURE STUDY | 637 | ||
| REFERENCE | 639 | ||
| Distal Triceps Tendon Injuries | 641 | ||
| Key points | 641 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 641 | ||
| ANATOMY | 641 | ||
| RISK FACTORS AND INJURY MECHANISM | 642 | ||
| CLINICAL EVALUATION | 643 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 643 | ||
| TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS | 644 | ||
| Conservative Treatment | 644 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 644 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 645 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE CARE | 646 | ||
| REVISION, CHRONIC, OR DIFFICULT ACUTE REPAIRS | 646 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS | 648 | ||
| SUMMARY | 649 | ||
| REFERENCES | 649 | ||
| Arthroscopic Management of Elbow Fractures | 651 | ||
| Key points | 651 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: NATURE OF THE PROBLEM | 651 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 652 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 652 | ||
| PREPARATION AND PATIENT POSITIONING | 652 | ||
| SURGICAL APPROACH | 653 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE: CORONOID FRACTURES | 653 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE: RADIAL HEAD FRACTURES | 653 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE: CAPITELLAR FRACTURES | 655 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE: PEDIATRIC LATERAL CONDYLE | 657 | ||
| Immediate Postoperative Care | 657 | ||
| REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY | 657 | ||
| CLINICAL RESULTS IN THE LITERATURE | 659 | ||
| SUMMARY | 660 | ||
| REFERENCES | 660 | ||
| Elbow Trauma in the Athlete | 663 | ||
| Key points | 663 | ||
| Medial epicondyle avulsion fracture in the adolescent athlete | 663 | ||
| Introduction | 663 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 664 | ||
| Preoperative planning | 665 | ||
| Preparation and patient positioning | 665 | ||
| Surgical approach/procedure | 665 | ||
| Pearls | 665 | ||
| Pitfalls | 665 | ||
| Immediate postoperative care | 665 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Recovery | 665 | ||
| Clinical Results in the Literature | 665 | ||
| Medial ulnar collateral ligament injury | 665 | ||
| Introduction | 665 | ||
| Surgical Technique (Docking Technique) | 667 | ||
| Preoperative planning | 667 | ||
| Preparation and patient positioning | 667 | ||
| Surgical approach/procedure | 667 | ||
| Immediate postoperative care | 669 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Recovery | 669 | ||
| Clinical Results in the Literature | 669 | ||
| Distal biceps rupture | 669 | ||
| Introduction | 669 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 669 | ||
| Preoperative planning | 669 | ||
| Preparation and patient positioning | 669 | ||
| Surgical approach/procedure | 669 | ||
| Immediate postoperative care | 672 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Recovery | 672 | ||
| Clinical Results in the Literature | 672 | ||
| Triceps rupture | 672 | ||
| Introduction | 672 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 674 | ||
| Preoperative planning | 674 | ||
| Preparation and patient positioning | 674 | ||
| Surgical approach/procedure | 674 | ||
| Immediate postoperative care | 675 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Recovery | 675 | ||
| Clinical Results in the Literature | 675 | ||
| Olecranon stress fracture | 675 | ||
| Introduction | 675 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 675 | ||
| Preoperative planning | 675 | ||
| Preparation and patient positioning | 675 | ||
| Surgical approach/procedure | 677 | ||
| Immediate postoperative care | 677 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Recovery | 678 | ||
| Clinical Results in the Literature | 678 | ||
| Surgical pearls | 678 | ||
| References | 678 | ||
| Complications of Elbow Trauma | 683 | ||
| Key points | 683 | ||
| STIFFNESS AND HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION | 683 | ||
| INSTABILITY | 685 | ||
| Posterolateral Rotatory Instability | 685 | ||
| Varus Posteromedial Instability | 686 | ||
| Complex fracture-dislocation | 686 | ||
| Chronic posterolateral rotatory instability | 686 | ||
| Chronic elbow dislocation | 687 | ||
| Nerve and vessel injury | 687 | ||
| WOUND COMPLICATIONS AND INFECTION | 688 | ||
| REFERENCES | 689 | ||
| Soft-Tissue Coverage for Elbow Trauma | 693 | ||
| Key points | 693 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 693 | ||
| PRINCIPLES OF RECONSTRUCTION | 693 | ||
| WOUND LOCATION | 694 | ||
| PRIMARY, DELAYED PRIMARY, OR SECONDARY CLOSURE | 694 | ||
| SKIN GRAFTING | 695 | ||
| LOCAL RANDOM PATTERN FLAPS | 695 | ||
| AXIAL PATTERN FASCIOCUTANEOUS FLAPS | 695 | ||
| PEDICLE MUSCLE OR MYOCUTANEOUS FLAPS | 696 | ||
| TWO-STAGE AXIAL FASCIOCUTANEOUS FLAPS | 697 | ||
| FREE TISSUE TRANSFER | 697 | ||
| SUMMARY | 700 | ||
| REFERENCES | 700 | ||
| Index | 705 |