BOOK
Pancreatic Cancer, An Issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America is devoted to Pancreatic Cancer. Guest Editor Brian Wolpin, MD has assembled a group of expert authors to review the following topics: Biology and genetics of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Epidemiology and inherited predisposition for sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Imaging and endoscopic approaches to pancreatic cancer; Diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms; Surgical management of pancreatic cancer; Peri-operative therapy for surgically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Diagnosis and management of borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Treatment approaches to locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Therapeutic approaches for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Supportive and end-of-life care for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma; and Novel therapeutics for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Pancreatic Cancer | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Hematology/Oncology Clinics Of North America\r | xi | ||
Preface\r | xiii | ||
Genetics and Biology of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | 595 | ||
Key points | 595 | ||
Genetics | 595 | ||
KRAS | 596 | ||
INK4a/CDKN2A/P16 | 597 | ||
TP53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway | 597 | ||
DPC4/SMAD4/Transforming Growth Factor Beta | 598 | ||
Advanced Genetic Sequencing Reveals Novel Mutations | 598 | ||
Genetic Pathogenesis | 599 | ||
Microenvironment | 600 | ||
Immune response | 602 | ||
Metabolic requirements | 602 | ||
Summary | 604 | ||
References | 604 | ||
Mouse Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | 609 | ||
Key points | 609 | ||
Introduction | 609 | ||
Mouse xenograft models | 610 | ||
The Immunocompromised Mouse | 610 | ||
Cell Line Derived Xenografts | 611 | ||
Patient Derived Xenografts | 611 | ||
Genetically engineered mouse models | 612 | ||
LSL-KrasG12D Model | 612 | ||
LSL-Trp53R172H/- Model | 612 | ||
Translational uses of the LSL-Trp53R172H/- model | 613 | ||
Future directions | 614 | ||
References | 615 | ||
Epidemiology and Inherited Predisposition for Sporadic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 619 | ||
Key points | 619 | ||
Epidemiology for pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 619 | ||
Descriptive Epidemiology | 619 | ||
Risk Factors | 620 | ||
Diabetes | 620 | ||
Biomarkers for diabetes and insulin resistance | 620 | ||
Pancreatitis and type 3c diabetes | 623 | ||
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young | 623 | ||
Antidiabetic drugs | 624 | ||
Modifiable risk factors | 624 | ||
Tobacco use | 624 | ||
Overweight and obesity | 624 | ||
Dietary exposures | 625 | ||
Inherited predisposition for sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 626 | ||
Common Low-Risk Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility Loci | 626 | ||
Common Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci in Non-European Populations | 629 | ||
Pathway Analyses of pancreatic Cancer Genome-Wide Association Studies Data Sets | 630 | ||
Functional Understanding of Common Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci | 630 | ||
Future Gene Mapping Approaches | 630 | ||
Summary | 631 | ||
Acknowledgments | 631 | ||
References | 631 | ||
Familial Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 641 | ||
Key points | 641 | ||
Introduction | 641 | ||
Evidence for genetic basis of pancreatic cancer | 642 | ||
Familial Clustering | 642 | ||
Familial Aggregation Studies and Analysis of Families | 642 | ||
Familial Pancreatic Cancer Defined to Advance Research | 644 | ||
Characteristics of familial pancreatic cancer: sex, incident risk, age at onset, smoking, other cancers | 644 | ||
Genetic studies of familial pancreatic cancer | 645 | ||
Hereditary Syndromes with Increased Risk of Pancreatic Cancer | 645 | ||
Gene Discovery Studies in Familial Pancreatic Cancer | 645 | ||
Novel gene discovery in patients with familial pancreatic cancer using next-generation sequencing | 647 | ||
Genetic analysis of cancer syndrome genes | 647 | ||
Clinical translation of familial pancreatic cancer research | 649 | ||
Personalized Therapy | 649 | ||
Genetic Testing and Cancer Risk Assessment | 649 | ||
Screening Options for High-Risk Individuals | 649 | ||
Summary | 650 | ||
References | 650 | ||
Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms | 655 | ||
Key points | 655 | ||
Introduction | 656 | ||
Disease entities | 656 | ||
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm | 656 | ||
Prevalence | 658 | ||
Demographics | 658 | ||
Radiologic features | 658 | ||
Management | 658 | ||
Outcomes | 660 | ||
Current controversies and future directions | 660 | ||
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm | 661 | ||
Prevalence | 662 | ||
Demographics | 662 | ||
Radiologic features | 662 | ||
Management | 662 | ||
Outcomes | 663 | ||
Current controversies and future directions | 663 | ||
Serous Cystadenoma | 663 | ||
Prevalence | 663 | ||
Demographics | 663 | ||
Radiologic features | 664 | ||
Management | 664 | ||
Outcomes | 665 | ||
Current controversies and future directions | 665 | ||
Cystic Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasm | 665 | ||
Prevalence | 665 | ||
Demographics | 665 | ||
Radiologic features | 665 | ||
Management | 666 | ||
Outcomes | 666 | ||
Current controversies and future directions | 666 | ||
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm | 667 | ||
Prevalence | 667 | ||
Demographics | 667 | ||
Radiologic features | 667 | ||
Management | 667 | ||
Outcomes | 667 | ||
Current controversies and future directions | 668 | ||
General approach to diagnosis and management | 668 | ||
Initial Evaluation | 669 | ||
Further Investigation | 669 | ||
Management: Resection versus Surveillance | 670 | ||
Outcomes | 670 | ||
Summary and discussion | 670 | ||
References | 670 | ||
Imaging and Endoscopic Approaches to Pancreatic Cancer | 675 | ||
Key points | 675 | ||
Introduction | 675 | ||
Noninvasive imaging in pancreatic cancer | 676 | ||
Image-Based Anatomy of the Pancreas | 676 | ||
Ductal anatomy | 676 | ||
Vascular anatomy | 677 | ||
Adjacent structures | 678 | ||
Imaging Techniques | 679 | ||
Imaging Across the Spectrum of Care | 681 | ||
Initial diagnosis | 681 | ||
Initial staging | 684 | ||
Primary tumor T stage | 684 | ||
Regional nodes | 686 | ||
Metastatic disease | 686 | ||
Resectability | 686 | ||
Treatment monitoring | 687 | ||
After neoadjuvant therapy | 687 | ||
After surgery | 687 | ||
During adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy | 687 | ||
Surveillance | 687 | ||
Future Considerations | 687 | ||
Dual-energy computed tomography imaging | 687 | ||
Stromal transport characterization | 688 | ||
Endoscopy in pancreatic cancer | 688 | ||
Introduction | 688 | ||
Diagnosis | 688 | ||
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | 688 | ||
Biliary aspirate | 689 | ||
Brushing | 689 | ||
Biopsy | 689 | ||
Ductoscopy | 689 | ||
Endoscopic ultrasonography | 689 | ||
Fine-needle aspiration | 691 | ||
Staging | 691 | ||
Novel techniques | 691 | ||
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with intraductal ultrasonography | 691 | ||
Endoscopic ultrasonography with trucut biopsy | 692 | ||
Endoscopic ultrasonography with elastography | 692 | ||
Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography | 692 | ||
Upper endoscopy with optical spectroscopy | 692 | ||
Treatment | 693 | ||
Therapy for biliary obstruction | 693 | ||
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting | 693 | ||
Endoscopic ultrasonography-assisted biliary drainage | 693 | ||
Therapy for other complications | 693 | ||
Gastroduodenal obstruction: enteral stenting | 693 | ||
Adjunctive therapy: endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fiducial placement | 694 | ||
Direct therapy: endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle injection | 694 | ||
Endoscopy: Conclusion | 696 | ||
Summary | 696 | ||
References | 696 | ||
Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer | 701 | ||
Key points | 701 | ||
Introduction | 701 | ||
Indications/Contraindications | 702 | ||
Imaging | 702 | ||
Endoscopic Evaluation | 702 | ||
Indications and Contraindications to Resection | 703 | ||
Diagnostic Laparoscopy | 704 | ||
Technique/Procedure | 705 | ||
Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Technical Considerations | 706 | ||
Exposure of anterior and posterior pancreatic head | 706 | ||
Exposure of superior mesenteric vein | 706 | ||
Dissection of porta hepatis | 706 | ||
Inframesocolic dissection | 706 | ||
Dissection of pancreatic head from mesenteric vessels | 706 | ||
Reconstruction | 706 | ||
Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Additional Considerations | 706 | ||
Pylorus preservation | 706 | ||
Vascular reconstruction | 707 | ||
Distal Pancreatectomy: Technical Considerations | 707 | ||
Complications and management | 708 | ||
Perioperative Mortality | 708 | ||
Perioperative Morbidity | 709 | ||
Pancreatic fistula | 709 | ||
Delayed gastric emptying | 709 | ||
Postoperative hemorrhage | 709 | ||
Outcomes | 709 | ||
Controversies/Future considerations | 710 | ||
Minimally Invasive Surgery | 710 | ||
Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable Tumors | 710 | ||
Summary | 711 | ||
References | 711 | ||
Perioperative Therapy for Surgically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 717 | ||
Key points | 717 | ||
Introduction | 718 | ||
Definition of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 718 | ||
Adjuvant therapy | 718 | ||
Major Phase III Trials of Adjuvant Therapy | 718 | ||
Controversy over Adjuvant Radiation Therapy | 721 | ||
Neoadjuvant therapy | 722 | ||
Biomarkers predictive of outcome | 722 | ||
What is on the horizon | 723 | ||
Summary | 724 | ||
References | 724 | ||
Diagnosis and Management of Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 727 | ||
Key points | 727 | ||
Introduction | 727 | ||
Definitions | 728 | ||
Anatomic Staging (Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Type A) | 728 | ||
Anatomic, Biologic and Physiologic Criteria for Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | 729 | ||
Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (Type B) | 730 | ||
Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (Type C) | 730 | ||
Diagnosis and staging | 731 | ||
Computed Tomography and MRI | 731 | ||
Endoscopic Ultrasonography | 731 | ||
Radiologic Reporting | 732 | ||
Management | 732 | ||
Rationale for Preoperative Therapy | 733 | ||
Metrics of Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy | 734 | ||
Surgical issues | 736 | ||
Staging Laparoscopy | 736 | ||
Laparotomy After Neoadjuvant Therapy | 736 | ||
Surgical Standards | 736 | ||
Summary | 736 | ||
References | 736 | ||
Treatment Approaches to Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 741 | ||
Key points | 741 | ||
Introduction | 742 | ||
Definition of locally advanced pancreatic cancer: accurate diagnosis and staging | 742 | ||
Treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer | 742 | ||
Chemoradiation: Is There a Role? | 742 | ||
The Question of Timing: Induction Chemoradiation | 743 | ||
Delayed Chemoradiation Following Induction Chemotherapy | 743 | ||
Systemic therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer | 747 | ||
Selection of Chemotherapy Administered Independently of Radiation | 747 | ||
Selection of Radiosensitizing Agents | 747 | ||
Advances in pancreatic radiation techniques | 748 | ||
Treatment Volumes | 748 | ||
Respiratory-Motion Management | 748 | ||
Stereotactic body radiotherapy | 749 | ||
Technical Considerations of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy | 749 | ||
Efficacy and Toxicity | 753 | ||
Summary/discussion | 753 | ||
References | 753 | ||
Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 761 | ||
Key points | 761 | ||
Introduction | 761 | ||
Patient evaluation and prognostic markers | 762 | ||
Gemcitabine | 763 | ||
Strategies to Improve Gemcitabine Effectiveness | 763 | ||
Gemcitabine Treatment Doublets | 763 | ||
Gemcitabine and Erlotinib | 765 | ||
Folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin | 767 | ||
Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel | 767 | ||
Folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel | 769 | ||
Second-line therapy | 770 | ||
New approaches | 771 | ||
Summary | 771 | ||
References | 772 | ||
Novel Therapeutics for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 777 | ||
Key points | 777 | ||
Immunotherapy | 777 | ||
GVAX, CRS207 vaccines | 778 | ||
Hyperacute vaccination | 778 | ||
Checkpoint blockade | 779 | ||
Immune microenvironment | 779 | ||
T-cell manipulation | 779 | ||
BRCA-related therapies and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors | 779 | ||
Molecularly targeted therapies | 781 | ||
Targeting KRAS | 781 | ||
JAK-STAT pathway and inflammation | 782 | ||
Autophagy | 782 | ||
Notch and stem cell targeting | 782 | ||
Stromal targeting therapies | 783 | ||
PEGPH20 | 783 | ||
TH302 | 783 | ||
Necuparanib | 784 | ||
Novel cytotoxic formulations | 784 | ||
Summary | 785 | ||
References | 785 | ||
Index | 789 | ||
HOC_BLANK (2) | 800 | ||
HOC_BLANK (3) | 801 | ||
HOC_BLANK (4) | 802 | ||
HOC_BLANK (5) | 803 | ||
HOC_BLANK | 804 |