BOOK
Pancreatic Cancer, An Issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America is devoted to Pancreatic Cancer. Guest Editor Brian Wolpin, MD has assembled a group of expert authors to review the following topics: Biology and genetics of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Epidemiology and inherited predisposition for sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Imaging and endoscopic approaches to pancreatic cancer; Diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic neoplasms; Surgical management of pancreatic cancer; Peri-operative therapy for surgically resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Diagnosis and management of borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Treatment approaches to locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Therapeutic approaches for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Supportive and end-of-life care for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma; and Novel therapeutics for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Pancreatic Cancer | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Hematology/Oncology Clinics Of North America\r | xi | ||
| Preface\r | xiii | ||
| Genetics and Biology of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | 595 | ||
| Key points | 595 | ||
| Genetics | 595 | ||
| KRAS | 596 | ||
| INK4a/CDKN2A/P16 | 597 | ||
| TP53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway | 597 | ||
| DPC4/SMAD4/Transforming Growth Factor Beta | 598 | ||
| Advanced Genetic Sequencing Reveals Novel Mutations | 598 | ||
| Genetic Pathogenesis | 599 | ||
| Microenvironment | 600 | ||
| Immune response | 602 | ||
| Metabolic requirements | 602 | ||
| Summary | 604 | ||
| References | 604 | ||
| Mouse Models of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | 609 | ||
| Key points | 609 | ||
| Introduction | 609 | ||
| Mouse xenograft models | 610 | ||
| The Immunocompromised Mouse | 610 | ||
| Cell Line Derived Xenografts | 611 | ||
| Patient Derived Xenografts | 611 | ||
| Genetically engineered mouse models | 612 | ||
| LSL-KrasG12D Model | 612 | ||
| LSL-Trp53R172H/- Model | 612 | ||
| Translational uses of the LSL-Trp53R172H/- model | 613 | ||
| Future directions | 614 | ||
| References | 615 | ||
| Epidemiology and Inherited Predisposition for Sporadic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 619 | ||
| Key points | 619 | ||
| Epidemiology for pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 619 | ||
| Descriptive Epidemiology | 619 | ||
| Risk Factors | 620 | ||
| Diabetes | 620 | ||
| Biomarkers for diabetes and insulin resistance | 620 | ||
| Pancreatitis and type 3c diabetes | 623 | ||
| Maturity-onset diabetes of the young | 623 | ||
| Antidiabetic drugs | 624 | ||
| Modifiable risk factors | 624 | ||
| Tobacco use | 624 | ||
| Overweight and obesity | 624 | ||
| Dietary exposures | 625 | ||
| Inherited predisposition for sporadic pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 626 | ||
| Common Low-Risk Pancreatic Cancer Susceptibility Loci | 626 | ||
| Common Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci in Non-European Populations | 629 | ||
| Pathway Analyses of pancreatic Cancer Genome-Wide Association Studies Data Sets | 630 | ||
| Functional Understanding of Common Pancreatic Cancer Risk Loci | 630 | ||
| Future Gene Mapping Approaches | 630 | ||
| Summary | 631 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 631 | ||
| References | 631 | ||
| Familial Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 641 | ||
| Key points | 641 | ||
| Introduction | 641 | ||
| Evidence for genetic basis of pancreatic cancer | 642 | ||
| Familial Clustering | 642 | ||
| Familial Aggregation Studies and Analysis of Families | 642 | ||
| Familial Pancreatic Cancer Defined to Advance Research | 644 | ||
| Characteristics of familial pancreatic cancer: sex, incident risk, age at onset, smoking, other cancers | 644 | ||
| Genetic studies of familial pancreatic cancer | 645 | ||
| Hereditary Syndromes with Increased Risk of Pancreatic Cancer | 645 | ||
| Gene Discovery Studies in Familial Pancreatic Cancer | 645 | ||
| Novel gene discovery in patients with familial pancreatic cancer using next-generation sequencing | 647 | ||
| Genetic analysis of cancer syndrome genes | 647 | ||
| Clinical translation of familial pancreatic cancer research | 649 | ||
| Personalized Therapy | 649 | ||
| Genetic Testing and Cancer Risk Assessment | 649 | ||
| Screening Options for High-Risk Individuals | 649 | ||
| Summary | 650 | ||
| References | 650 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms | 655 | ||
| Key points | 655 | ||
| Introduction | 656 | ||
| Disease entities | 656 | ||
| Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm | 656 | ||
| Prevalence | 658 | ||
| Demographics | 658 | ||
| Radiologic features | 658 | ||
| Management | 658 | ||
| Outcomes | 660 | ||
| Current controversies and future directions | 660 | ||
| Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm | 661 | ||
| Prevalence | 662 | ||
| Demographics | 662 | ||
| Radiologic features | 662 | ||
| Management | 662 | ||
| Outcomes | 663 | ||
| Current controversies and future directions | 663 | ||
| Serous Cystadenoma | 663 | ||
| Prevalence | 663 | ||
| Demographics | 663 | ||
| Radiologic features | 664 | ||
| Management | 664 | ||
| Outcomes | 665 | ||
| Current controversies and future directions | 665 | ||
| Cystic Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasm | 665 | ||
| Prevalence | 665 | ||
| Demographics | 665 | ||
| Radiologic features | 665 | ||
| Management | 666 | ||
| Outcomes | 666 | ||
| Current controversies and future directions | 666 | ||
| Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm | 667 | ||
| Prevalence | 667 | ||
| Demographics | 667 | ||
| Radiologic features | 667 | ||
| Management | 667 | ||
| Outcomes | 667 | ||
| Current controversies and future directions | 668 | ||
| General approach to diagnosis and management | 668 | ||
| Initial Evaluation | 669 | ||
| Further Investigation | 669 | ||
| Management: Resection versus Surveillance | 670 | ||
| Outcomes | 670 | ||
| Summary and discussion | 670 | ||
| References | 670 | ||
| Imaging and Endoscopic Approaches to Pancreatic Cancer | 675 | ||
| Key points | 675 | ||
| Introduction | 675 | ||
| Noninvasive imaging in pancreatic cancer | 676 | ||
| Image-Based Anatomy of the Pancreas | 676 | ||
| Ductal anatomy | 676 | ||
| Vascular anatomy | 677 | ||
| Adjacent structures | 678 | ||
| Imaging Techniques | 679 | ||
| Imaging Across the Spectrum of Care | 681 | ||
| Initial diagnosis | 681 | ||
| Initial staging | 684 | ||
| Primary tumor T stage | 684 | ||
| Regional nodes | 686 | ||
| Metastatic disease | 686 | ||
| Resectability | 686 | ||
| Treatment monitoring | 687 | ||
| After neoadjuvant therapy | 687 | ||
| After surgery | 687 | ||
| During adjuvant and palliative chemotherapy | 687 | ||
| Surveillance | 687 | ||
| Future Considerations | 687 | ||
| Dual-energy computed tomography imaging | 687 | ||
| Stromal transport characterization | 688 | ||
| Endoscopy in pancreatic cancer | 688 | ||
| Introduction | 688 | ||
| Diagnosis | 688 | ||
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | 688 | ||
| Biliary aspirate | 689 | ||
| Brushing | 689 | ||
| Biopsy | 689 | ||
| Ductoscopy | 689 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasonography | 689 | ||
| Fine-needle aspiration | 691 | ||
| Staging | 691 | ||
| Novel techniques | 691 | ||
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with intraductal ultrasonography | 691 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasonography with trucut biopsy | 692 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasonography with elastography | 692 | ||
| Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography | 692 | ||
| Upper endoscopy with optical spectroscopy | 692 | ||
| Treatment | 693 | ||
| Therapy for biliary obstruction | 693 | ||
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting | 693 | ||
| Endoscopic ultrasonography-assisted biliary drainage | 693 | ||
| Therapy for other complications | 693 | ||
| Gastroduodenal obstruction: enteral stenting | 693 | ||
| Adjunctive therapy: endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fiducial placement | 694 | ||
| Direct therapy: endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle injection | 694 | ||
| Endoscopy: Conclusion | 696 | ||
| Summary | 696 | ||
| References | 696 | ||
| Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer | 701 | ||
| Key points | 701 | ||
| Introduction | 701 | ||
| Indications/Contraindications | 702 | ||
| Imaging | 702 | ||
| Endoscopic Evaluation | 702 | ||
| Indications and Contraindications to Resection | 703 | ||
| Diagnostic Laparoscopy | 704 | ||
| Technique/Procedure | 705 | ||
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Technical Considerations | 706 | ||
| Exposure of anterior and posterior pancreatic head | 706 | ||
| Exposure of superior mesenteric vein | 706 | ||
| Dissection of porta hepatis | 706 | ||
| Inframesocolic dissection | 706 | ||
| Dissection of pancreatic head from mesenteric vessels | 706 | ||
| Reconstruction | 706 | ||
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Additional Considerations | 706 | ||
| Pylorus preservation | 706 | ||
| Vascular reconstruction | 707 | ||
| Distal Pancreatectomy: Technical Considerations | 707 | ||
| Complications and management | 708 | ||
| Perioperative Mortality | 708 | ||
| Perioperative Morbidity | 709 | ||
| Pancreatic fistula | 709 | ||
| Delayed gastric emptying | 709 | ||
| Postoperative hemorrhage | 709 | ||
| Outcomes | 709 | ||
| Controversies/Future considerations | 710 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Surgery | 710 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Therapy for Resectable Tumors | 710 | ||
| Summary | 711 | ||
| References | 711 | ||
| Perioperative Therapy for Surgically Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 717 | ||
| Key points | 717 | ||
| Introduction | 718 | ||
| Definition of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma | 718 | ||
| Adjuvant therapy | 718 | ||
| Major Phase III Trials of Adjuvant Therapy | 718 | ||
| Controversy over Adjuvant Radiation Therapy | 721 | ||
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 722 | ||
| Biomarkers predictive of outcome | 722 | ||
| What is on the horizon | 723 | ||
| Summary | 724 | ||
| References | 724 | ||
| Diagnosis and Management of Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 727 | ||
| Key points | 727 | ||
| Introduction | 727 | ||
| Definitions | 728 | ||
| Anatomic Staging (Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Type A) | 728 | ||
| Anatomic, Biologic and Physiologic Criteria for Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma | 729 | ||
| Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (Type B) | 730 | ||
| Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (Type C) | 730 | ||
| Diagnosis and staging | 731 | ||
| Computed Tomography and MRI | 731 | ||
| Endoscopic Ultrasonography | 731 | ||
| Radiologic Reporting | 732 | ||
| Management | 732 | ||
| Rationale for Preoperative Therapy | 733 | ||
| Metrics of Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy | 734 | ||
| Surgical issues | 736 | ||
| Staging Laparoscopy | 736 | ||
| Laparotomy After Neoadjuvant Therapy | 736 | ||
| Surgical Standards | 736 | ||
| Summary | 736 | ||
| References | 736 | ||
| Treatment Approaches to Locally Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 741 | ||
| Key points | 741 | ||
| Introduction | 742 | ||
| Definition of locally advanced pancreatic cancer: accurate diagnosis and staging | 742 | ||
| Treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer | 742 | ||
| Chemoradiation: Is There a Role? | 742 | ||
| The Question of Timing: Induction Chemoradiation | 743 | ||
| Delayed Chemoradiation Following Induction Chemotherapy | 743 | ||
| Systemic therapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer | 747 | ||
| Selection of Chemotherapy Administered Independently of Radiation | 747 | ||
| Selection of Radiosensitizing Agents | 747 | ||
| Advances in pancreatic radiation techniques | 748 | ||
| Treatment Volumes | 748 | ||
| Respiratory-Motion Management | 748 | ||
| Stereotactic body radiotherapy | 749 | ||
| Technical Considerations of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy | 749 | ||
| Efficacy and Toxicity | 753 | ||
| Summary/discussion | 753 | ||
| References | 753 | ||
| Therapeutic Approaches for Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 761 | ||
| Key points | 761 | ||
| Introduction | 761 | ||
| Patient evaluation and prognostic markers | 762 | ||
| Gemcitabine | 763 | ||
| Strategies to Improve Gemcitabine Effectiveness | 763 | ||
| Gemcitabine Treatment Doublets | 763 | ||
| Gemcitabine and Erlotinib | 765 | ||
| Folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin | 767 | ||
| Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel | 767 | ||
| Folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin versus gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel | 769 | ||
| Second-line therapy | 770 | ||
| New approaches | 771 | ||
| Summary | 771 | ||
| References | 772 | ||
| Novel Therapeutics for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma | 777 | ||
| Key points | 777 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 777 | ||
| GVAX, CRS207 vaccines | 778 | ||
| Hyperacute vaccination | 778 | ||
| Checkpoint blockade | 779 | ||
| Immune microenvironment | 779 | ||
| T-cell manipulation | 779 | ||
| BRCA-related therapies and poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors | 779 | ||
| Molecularly targeted therapies | 781 | ||
| Targeting KRAS | 781 | ||
| JAK-STAT pathway and inflammation | 782 | ||
| Autophagy | 782 | ||
| Notch and stem cell targeting | 782 | ||
| Stromal targeting therapies | 783 | ||
| PEGPH20 | 783 | ||
| TH302 | 783 | ||
| Necuparanib | 784 | ||
| Novel cytotoxic formulations | 784 | ||
| Summary | 785 | ||
| References | 785 | ||
| Index | 789 | ||
| HOC_BLANK (2) | 800 | ||
| HOC_BLANK (3) | 801 | ||
| HOC_BLANK (4) | 802 | ||
| HOC_BLANK (5) | 803 | ||
| HOC_BLANK | 804 |