BOOK
The Acute Abdomen, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America 53-6, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Dr. Robert Gore (co-editor of Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology) has assembled an expert panel of authors on the topic of The Acute Abdomen. Articles will include: Evaluating the patient with right upper quadrant pain; Evaluating the patient with left upper quadrant pain; Evaluating the patient with right lower quadrant pain; Evaluating the patient with left lower quadrant pain; Acute pancreatitis; Acute disorders of the abdominal aorta; Bowel obstruction; Bowel ischemia; Acute infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides; Acute urinary tract disorders; Acute gynecologic disorders; Evaluating the acute abdomen in the pregnant patient; MR evaluation of the acute, non-traumatic abdomen in adolescents and adults; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| The Acute Abdomen\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface\r | vii | ||
| Evaluating Patients with Right Upper Quadrant Pain\r | vii | ||
| Evaluating Patients with Left Upper Quadrant Pain\r | vii | ||
| Evaluating the Patient with Right Lower Quadrant Pain\r | vii | ||
| Evaluating the Patient with Left Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain\r | viii | ||
| Imaging of Acute Pancreatitis\r | viii | ||
| The Acute Abdominal Aorta\r | viii | ||
| Bowel Obstruction\r | viii | ||
| Radiological Evaluation of Bowel Ischemia\r | viii | ||
| Acute Infectious and Inflammatory Enterocolitides\r | ix | ||
| Acute Urinary Tract Disorders\r | ix | ||
| Acute Gynecologic Disorders\r | ix | ||
| Evaluating the Acute Abdomen in the Pregnant Patient\r | ix | ||
| MR Evaluation of the Nontraumatic Acute Abdomen with CT Correlation\r | x | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | xi | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | xi | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | xi | ||
| ACCREDITATION | xi | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | xi | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | xi | ||
| TO ENROLL | xii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | xii | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | xii | ||
| RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xiii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xiii | ||
| January 2016 | xiii | ||
| March 2016 | xiii | ||
| May 2016 | xiii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xiii | ||
| September 2015 | xiii | ||
| July 2015 | xiii | ||
| May 2015 | xiii | ||
| Preface : Imaging of the Acute Abdomen\r | xv | ||
| Evaluating Patients with Right Upper Quadrant Pain | 1093 | ||
| Key points | 1093 | ||
| HEPATIC CAUSES OF ACUTE RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT PAIN | 1093 | ||
| Acute Hepatitis | 1093 | ||
| Hepatic Infection with Abscess Formation | 1095 | ||
| Vascular Abnormalities of the Liver | 1099 | ||
| Portal vein thrombosis | 1099 | ||
| Budd-Chiari Syndrome | 1100 | ||
| Hepatic Neoplasms | 1102 | ||
| Perihepatic Inflammation | 1102 | ||
| GALLBLADDER CAUSES OF RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT PAIN | 1103 | ||
| Cholelithiasis | 1103 | ||
| Biliary Sludge | 1105 | ||
| Acute Cholecystitis | 1105 | ||
| Imaging | 1106 | ||
| Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis | 1109 | ||
| Epidemiology and pathophysiology | 1109 | ||
| Imaging | 1109 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 1109 | ||
| Computed Tomography/MR Imaging | 1110 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS | 1110 | ||
| Gangrenous Cholecystitis | 1110 | ||
| Hemorrhagic Cholecystitis | 1112 | ||
| Emphysematous Cholecystitis | 1113 | ||
| Gallbladder Perforation | 1114 | ||
| CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS | 1114 | ||
| Pathogenesis and Epidemiology | 1114 | ||
| Imaging | 1115 | ||
| GALLBLADDER TORSION | 1115 | ||
| CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS | 1115 | ||
| Pathogenesis and Epidemiology | 1115 | ||
| Imaging | 1116 | ||
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | 1116 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 1116 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 1116 | ||
| MR Imaging | 1117 | ||
| Cholangitis | 1118 | ||
| INTRAHEPATIC BILIARY CALCULI | 1119 | ||
| Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis | 1119 | ||
| Imaging | 1119 | ||
| OTHER CAUSES OF RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT PAIN RELATED TO GALLSTONES | 1120 | ||
| Spilled Gallstones After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | 1120 | ||
| Mirizzi Syndrome | 1121 | ||
| Gallstone Ileus | 1121 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1122 | ||
| Evaluating Patients with Left Upper Quadrant Pain | 1131 | ||
| Key points | 1131 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1131 | ||
| ANATOMY AND APPROACH TO IMAGING | 1132 | ||
| Anatomy | 1132 | ||
| Imaging | 1135 | ||
| SPLENIC INFARCT | 1136 | ||
| SICKLE CELL DISEASE | 1137 | ||
| SPLENIC INFECTIONS | 1138 | ||
| Splenic Abscess | 1138 | ||
| Splenic Microabscesses | 1139 | ||
| SPLENOMEGALY | 1139 | ||
| SPLENIC VEIN THROMBOSIS | 1141 | ||
| SPLENIC RUPTURE | 1141 | ||
| SPLENIC TORSION | 1142 | ||
| RUPTURED SPLENIC ARTERY ANEURYSM | 1143 | ||
| STOMACH | 1143 | ||
| PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE | 1143 | ||
| GASTRITIS | 1145 | ||
| GASTRIC VOLVULUS | 1145 | ||
| LEFT UPPER QUADRANT PAIN AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY | 1147 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF PANCREATITIS SPECIFIC TO THE LEFT UPPER QUADRANT | 1149 | ||
| DIVERTICULITIS OF THE SPLENIC FLEXURE | 1150 | ||
| COLITIS OF THE SPLENIC FLEXURE | 1150 | ||
| ISCHEMIC COLITIS OF THE SPLENIC FLEXURE | 1151 | ||
| LEFT UPPER QUADRANT SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION | 1153 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES | 1153 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1153 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1153 | ||
| Evaluating the Patient with Right Lower Quadrant Pain | 1159 | ||
| Key points | 1159 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1159 | ||
| IMAGING OF RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT PAIN | 1159 | ||
| ACUTE APPENDICITIS | 1160 | ||
| MESENTERIC ADENITIS | 1162 | ||
| MECKEL DIVERTICULUM | 1162 | ||
| NEUTROPENIC ENTEROCOLITIS (TYPHLITIS) | 1163 | ||
| RIGHT-SIDED DIVERTICULITIS | 1164 | ||
| EPIPLOIC APPENDAGITIS | 1165 | ||
| OMENTAL INFARCTION | 1166 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE | 1167 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1168 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1168 | ||
| Evaluating the Patient with Left Lower Quadrant Abdominal Pain | 1171 | ||
| Key points | 1171 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1171 | ||
| ACUTE DIVERTICULITIS | 1172 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1172 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1172 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 1172 | ||
| Imaging | 1172 | ||
| Methods and techniques | 1172 | ||
| Findings | 1173 | ||
| Computed tomography | 1173 | ||
| Ultrasound | 1173 | ||
| MR imaging | 1173 | ||
| Clinical Management and Prognosis | 1174 | ||
| UROLITHIASIS | 1174 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1174 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 1174 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1175 | ||
| Imaging | 1175 | ||
| Methods and techniques | 1175 | ||
| Findings | 1175 | ||
| Computed tomography | 1175 | ||
| Secondary findings | 1175 | ||
| Size and location | 1175 | ||
| Composition | 1176 | ||
| Ultrasound | 1176 | ||
| MR imaging | 1176 | ||
| Clinical Management and Prognosis | 1176 | ||
| FECAL IMPACTION AND STERCORAL PERFORATION | 1176 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1176 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 1177 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1177 | ||
| Imaging | 1177 | ||
| Methods and techniques | 1177 | ||
| Findings | 1177 | ||
| Clinical Management and Prognosis | 1178 | ||
| PRIMARY EPIPLOIC APPENDAGITIS | 1178 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 1179 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1179 | ||
| Imaging | 1179 | ||
| Methods and techniques | 1179 | ||
| Findings | 1179 | ||
| Computed tomography | 1179 | ||
| Ultrasound | 1179 | ||
| Magnetic resonance | 1179 | ||
| Clinical Management | 1180 | ||
| COLITIS | 1180 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1180 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1180 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 1180 | ||
| Imaging | 1180 | ||
| Methods and techniques | 1180 | ||
| Findings | 1180 | ||
| Clinical Management and Prognosis | 1181 | ||
| SPONTANEOUS RETROPERITONEAL AND RECTUS SHEATH HEMORRHAGE | 1181 | ||
| Epidemiology | 1181 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 1182 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 1182 | ||
| Imaging | 1182 | ||
| Methods and techniques | 1182 | ||
| Findings | 1182 | ||
| Computed tomography | 1182 | ||
| Ultrasound | 1184 | ||
| MR imaging | 1184 | ||
| Clinical Management and Prognosis | 1184 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1184 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1184 | ||
| Imaging of Acute Pancreatitis | 1189 | ||
| Key points | 1189 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1189 | ||
| REVISED TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION | 1190 | ||
| Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis | 1190 | ||
| Phases of Pancreatitis | 1190 | ||
| Early phase | 1190 | ||
| Late phase | 1190 | ||
| Types of Pancreatitis | 1190 | ||
| Interstitial edematous pancreatitis | 1190 | ||
| Necrotizing pancreatitis | 1191 | ||
| Severity of Pancreatitis | 1191 | ||
| Mild pancreatitis | 1192 | ||
| Moderately severe pancreatitis | 1192 | ||
| Severe pancreatitis | 1192 | ||
| Complications | 1192 | ||
| Organ failure | 1192 | ||
| Systemic complications | 1192 | ||
| Local complications | 1192 | ||
| IMAGING TECHNIQUES | 1193 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 1193 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance | 1193 | ||
| IMAGING FINDINGS | 1194 | ||
| Acute Interstitial Edematous Pancreatitis | 1194 | ||
| Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis | 1195 | ||
| Pancreatic parenchyma necrosis alone | 1195 | ||
| Peripancreatic necrosis alone | 1195 | ||
| Combination of pancreatic parenchymal with peripancreatic necrosis | 1196 | ||
| Pancreatic and Peripancreatic Collections | 1196 | ||
| Acute peripancreatic fluid collection | 1198 | ||
| Pseudocyst | 1198 | ||
| Acute necrotic collection | 1199 | ||
| Walled-off necrosis | 1199 | ||
| Postnecrosectomy pseudocyst | 1199 | ||
| Superinfection of fluid collections | 1200 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 1202 | ||
| PITFALLS | 1203 | ||
| REFERRING CLINICIAN: POINTS OF KNOWLEDGE | 1204 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1206 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1206 | ||
| The Acute Abdominal Aorta | 1209 | ||
| Key points | 1209 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1209 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY | 1210 | ||
| IMAGING TECHNIQUE AND PROTOCOLS | 1210 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 1210 | ||
| What the referring clinician needs to know: computed tomography for endovascular therapy planning | 1211 | ||
| MR Imaging | 1211 | ||
| ACUTE AORTIC CONDITIONS | 1211 | ||
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 1211 | ||
| Diagnostic signs of acute or impending rupture of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta | 1212 | ||
| PENETRATING ATHEROSCLEROTIC ULCER | 1212 | ||
| Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Variants | 1213 | ||
| ABDOMINAL AORTIC DISSECTION | 1213 | ||
| INTRAMURAL HEMATOMA | 1214 | ||
| Intramural Hematoma: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Variants | 1215 | ||
| ACUTE TRAUMATIC AORTIC INJURY | 1215 | ||
| What the Referring Clinician Needs to Know: Traumatic Aortic Injury Classification | 1216 | ||
| AORTIC OCCLUSION AND MOBILE THROMBUS | 1216 | ||
| AORTIC VASCULITIS | 1217 | ||
| INFLAMMATORY ANEURYSM | 1218 | ||
| INFECTIOUS AORTITIS | 1219 | ||
| Pearls, Pitfalls, and Variants: Infectious Aortitis | 1220 | ||
| AORTOENTERIC FISTULA | 1220 | ||
| Aortoenteric Fistula: Clinical and Imaging Features | 1221 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1221 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1221 | ||
| Bowel Obstruction | 1225 | ||
| Key points | 1225 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1225 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 1225 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 1227 | ||
| RADIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF BOWEL OBSTRUCTION | 1227 | ||
| Plain Abdominal Radiographs | 1227 | ||
| Intraluminal Contrast Material | 1228 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 1228 | ||
| Ultrasonography and MR imaging | 1229 | ||
| SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION | 1230 | ||
| Adhesions | 1230 | ||
| Closed Loop Obstruction and Strangulation | 1231 | ||
| Hernias | 1232 | ||
| Internal hernias | 1233 | ||
| Extrinsic Tumors of the Mesentery and Omentum | 1234 | ||
| Primary Small Bowel Tumors | 1234 | ||
| Crohn Disease | 1235 | ||
| Intraluminal Causes | 1235 | ||
| Intussusception | 1236 | ||
| LARGE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION | 1237 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Colon | 1237 | ||
| Diverticulitis | 1237 | ||
| Volvulus | 1237 | ||
| Adult Intussusception | 1238 | ||
| Adhesions | 1238 | ||
| Hernias | 1238 | ||
| Obturation Obstruction | 1238 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1239 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1239 | ||
| Radiological Evaluation of Bowel Ischemia | 1241 | ||
| Key points | 1241 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PRESENTATION | 1241 | ||
| ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA | 1241 | ||
| LABORATORY TESTS AND ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS | 1242 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ORAL CONTRAST: POSITIVE OR NEUTRAL? | 1243 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN PARAMETERS | 1244 | ||
| ANATOMY | 1244 | ||
| STAGES OF ISCHEMIA | 1245 | ||
| ARTERIAL ISCHEMIA: BLOOD VESSEL EVALUATION | 1245 | ||
| ARTERIAL ISCHEMIA: BOWEL WALL EVALUATION | 1246 | ||
| VENOUS ISCHEMIA: MESENTERIC VEIN EVALUATION | 1249 | ||
| NONOCCLUSIVE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA | 1250 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1253 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1253 | ||
| Acute Infectious and Inflammatory Enterocolitides | 1255 | ||
| Key points | 1255 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION IN ACUTELY ILL PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE OR INFECTION | 1255 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF ACUTELY ILL PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE OR INFECTION | 1255 | ||
| DOSE REDUCTION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT/EMERGENT SETTINGS | 1256 | ||
| OTHER IMAGING TECHNIQUES | 1256 | ||
| IMAGING THE ACUTE ABDOMEN IN PATIENTS WITH BOTH ULCERATIVE COLITIS AND CROHN DISEASE | 1256 | ||
| SEVERE COLITIS WITHOUT OR WITH MEGACOLON | 1256 | ||
| MESENTERIC VENOUS THROMBI AND THROMBOSIS | 1257 | ||
| ACUTE GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE | 1258 | ||
| IMAGING THE ACUTE ABDOMEN IN PATIENTS WITH CROHN DISEASE | 1258 | ||
| SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION IN CROHN DISEASE | 1258 | ||
| PENETRATING CROHN DISEASE | 1259 | ||
| IMAGING THE ACUTE ABDOMEN IN PATIENTS WITH INFECTIONS OF THE COLON AND SMALL BOWEL | 1261 | ||
| CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE COLITIS | 1262 | ||
| WHIPPLE DISEASE | 1264 | ||
| IMAGING THE ACUTE ABDOMEN IN PATIENTS WITH MISCELLANEOUS CAUSES OF ENTEROCOLITIDES | 1264 | ||
| NEUTROPENIC COLITIS (TYPHLITIS) | 1264 | ||
| SMALL BOWEL DIVERTICULITIS | 1265 | ||
| FOREIGN BODY PERFORATION | 1265 | ||
| GLUTARALDEHYDE COLITIS | 1267 | ||
| DIVERSION COLITIS | 1268 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1268 | ||
| Acute Urinary Tract Disorders | 1273 | ||
| Key points | 1273 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1273 | ||
| ANATOMY | 1273 | ||
| IMAGING TECHNIQUE | 1273 | ||
| URINARY TRACT CALCULUS IMAGING | 1276 | ||
| RENAL INFECTION IMAGING | 1279 | ||
| Renal Arterial Infarct | 1282 | ||
| Renal vein thrombosis | 1283 | ||
| Renal hemorrhage | 1285 | ||
| Alternative diagnoses | 1287 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1289 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1289 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 1292 | ||
| Acute Gynecologic Disorders | 1293 | ||
| Key points | 1293 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1293 | ||
| ECTOPIC PREGNANCY | 1293 | ||
| HETEROTOPIC PREGNANCY | 1294 | ||
| HEMORRHAGIC OVARIAN CYST | 1294 | ||
| CORPUS LUTEUM | 1295 | ||
| OVARIAN TORSION | 1295 | ||
| PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE–TUBOOVARIAN ABSCESS | 1296 | ||
| INTRAUTERINE DEVICE IN PREGNANCY | 1297 | ||
| INTRAUTERINE DEVICE COMPLICATIONS | 1298 | ||
| ACUTE APPENDICITIS | 1298 | ||
| ADNEXAL MASSES | 1299 | ||
| OVARIAN CYSTS | 1299 | ||
| ENDOMETRIOMAS | 1300 | ||
| DERMOIDS | 1301 | ||
| MALIGNANT ADNEXAL LESIONS | 1301 | ||
| HYDROSALPINX | 1302 | ||
| HEMATOCOLPOS | 1303 | ||
| RETAINED PRODUCTS OF CONCEPTION | 1304 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1306 | ||
| Evaluating the Acute Abdomen in the Pregnant Patient | 1309 | ||
| Key points | 1309 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1309 | ||
| IMAGING TECHNIQUE AND SAFETY | 1310 | ||
| OBSTETRIC CAUSES | 1311 | ||
| Ectopic Pregnancy | 1311 | ||
| Placental Abruption | 1312 | ||
| Placental Adhesive Disorders | 1313 | ||
| Uterine Rupture | 1314 | ||
| GYNECOLOGIC CAUSES | 1315 | ||
| Adnexal Masses | 1315 | ||
| Ovarian Torsion | 1315 | ||
| Uterine Leiomyoma | 1315 | ||
| NONOBSTETRIC AND NONGYNECOLOGIC CAUSES | 1317 | ||
| Urolithiasis | 1317 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Causes | 1318 | ||
| Acute appendicitis | 1318 | ||
| Intestinal obstruction | 1319 | ||
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 1319 | ||
| Hepatobiliary Causes | 1319 | ||
| Acute cholecystitis | 1319 | ||
| Acute pancreatitis | 1321 | ||
| Hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme levels syndrome | 1322 | ||
| Vascular Causes | 1322 | ||
| Venous thromboembolic disease | 1322 | ||
| Gonadal vein dilatation | 1322 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1323 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1323 | ||
| MR Evaluation of the Nontraumatic Acute Abdomen with CT Correlation | 1327 | ||
| Key points | 1327 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1327 | ||
| MR IMAGING PROTOCOL | 1328 | ||
| MR IMAGING FINDINGS WITH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CORRELATION | 1329 | ||
| Acute Appendicitis | 1329 | ||
| Acute Diverticulitis | 1329 | ||
| Acute Cholecystitis | 1330 | ||
| Acute Pancreatitis | 1332 | ||
| Bowel Obstruction | 1333 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 1333 | ||
| Ovarian Torsion | 1334 | ||
| Urolithiasis | 1335 | ||
| OTHER ALTERNATIVE DIAGNOSES | 1337 | ||
| WHAT THE REFEREEING PHYSICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW | 1337 | ||
| SUMMARY | 1337 | ||
| REFERENCES | 1337 | ||
| Index | 1341 |