BOOK
Epilepsy, An Issue of Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, E-Book
Kareem A. Zaghloul | Edward F. Chang
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Medications for epilepsy are mainstays in controlling epileptic seizures. But surgical procedures are another dimension in treatment. Included in this issue will be articles such as: Laser ablation for hypothalamic hamartomas and other epileptic lesions, radiosurgery for epilepsy, minimally invasive neurosurgery using focused MRI guidance, Selective amygdalohippocampectomy, and many more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Epilepsy | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITORS | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Minimally Invasive Epilepsy Surgery \r | vii | ||
| Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy\r | vii | ||
| Hippocampal Transections for Epilepsy\r | vii | ||
| History and Technical Approaches and Considerations for Ablative Surgery for Epilepsy\r | vii | ||
| The Role of Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy\r | vii | ||
| Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery for Epilepsy Using Stereotactic MRI Guidance\r | viii | ||
| Stereotactic Laser Ablation for Hypothalamic Hamartoma\r | viii | ||
| Laser Ablation in Pediatric Epilepsy\r | viii | ||
| Radiosurgery for Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Resulting from Mesial Temporal Sclerosis\r | viii | ||
| The Stereo-Electroencephalography Methodology\r | ix | ||
| Stereo-Encephalography Versus Subdural Electrodes for Seizure Localization\r | ix | ||
| Responsive Direct Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy\r | ix | ||
| Neuromodulation for Epilepsy\r | ix | ||
| NEUROSURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| April 2016 | xi | ||
| July 2016 | xi | ||
| October 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| October 2015 | xi | ||
| July 2015 | xi | ||
| April 2015 | xi | ||
| Preface: Minimally Invasive Epilepsy Surgery \r | xiii | ||
| Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 2 | ||
| Indications | 2 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 2 | ||
| Timing of Surgery | 3 | ||
| Patient Age | 3 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 3 | ||
| Transcortical Approach | 3 | ||
| Overview | 3 | ||
| Operative procedure | 3 | ||
| Special surgical considerations | 4 | ||
| Transsylvian Approach | 4 | ||
| Overview | 4 | ||
| Operative procedure | 4 | ||
| Special surgical considerations | 5 | ||
| Subtemporal Approach | 5 | ||
| Overview | 5 | ||
| Operative procedure | 5 | ||
| Special surgical considerations | 6 | ||
| Other Approaches | 6 | ||
| SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS | 7 | ||
| Ischemic Events | 8 | ||
| Visual Field Deficits | 9 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 10 | ||
| Seizure Control | 10 | ||
| Neuropsychological Outcomes | 10 | ||
| Comparison of Anterior Temporal Lobectomy and Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy | 10 | ||
| Comparison of Approaches to Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy | 12 | ||
| Long-term Follow-up | 13 | ||
| Discontinuation of Medical Treatment | 13 | ||
| SUMMARY | 13 | ||
| REFERENCES | 13 | ||
| Hippocampal Transections for Epilepsy | 19 | ||
| Key points | 19 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 19 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 20 | ||
| SURGICAL PROCEDURE | 20 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 21 | ||
| Treatment Resistance/Complications | 22 | ||
| SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 22 | ||
| REFERENCES | 23 | ||
| History and Technical Approaches and Considerations for Ablative Surgery for Epilepsy | 27 | ||
| Key points | 27 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 27 | ||
| HISTORY | 27 | ||
| Sensorimotor Cortices and Early Localization | 27 | ||
| The Instrumental Invention of Electroencephalography: Honing in on the Mesial Temporal Lobe | 29 | ||
| Refining Understanding and Surgical Approach | 30 | ||
| The Advent of Stereotaxis | 30 | ||
| Other Forms of Epilepsy and Surgical Techniques | 31 | ||
| Hemispherectomy | 31 | ||
| Corpus callosotomy | 31 | ||
| TECHNICAL APPROACHES/CURRENT PRACTICE IN ABLATIVE EPILEPSY SURGERY | 31 | ||
| Open Approaches | 31 | ||
| Stereotactic Ablative Approaches | 32 | ||
| Evolution of ablative procedures | 32 | ||
| Current approaches | 32 | ||
| Stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation | 32 | ||
| Magnetic resonance–guided laser-induced interstitial therapy | 33 | ||
| Stereotactic radiosurgery | 33 | ||
| Magnetic resonance–guided transcranial focused ultrasound | 33 | ||
| SUMMARY | 33 | ||
| REFERENCES | 34 | ||
| The Role of Stereotactic Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy | 37 | ||
| Key points | 37 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 38 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 39 | ||
| History | 39 | ||
| MRI Studies | 39 | ||
| Metabolic and Blood Flow Imaging | 40 | ||
| Electrographic Studies | 40 | ||
| Neuropsychometric Evaluation | 40 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 41 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 41 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 41 | ||
| Patients with Mesial Temporal Sclerosis | 41 | ||
| Patients Without Mesial Temporal Sclerosis | 43 | ||
| STEREOTACTIC LASER AMYGDALOHIPPOCAMPECTOMY: PROCEDURE | 43 | ||
| Stereotactic Planning | 43 | ||
| Stereotactic Insertion of Laser Fiber Assembly | 44 | ||
| Laser Ablation with MRI Thermography | 45 | ||
| Postablation Management | 45 | ||
| TREATMENT RESISTANCE | 46 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 47 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 48 | ||
| SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION | 48 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 49 | ||
| REFERENCES | 49 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery for Epilepsy Using Stereotactic MRI Guidance | 51 | ||
| Key points | 51 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 51 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 52 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 52 | ||
| Thermoablative Techniques | 52 | ||
| Laser thermoablation | 52 | ||
| Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy | 52 | ||
| Cortical dysplasias | 53 | ||
| Case 1 | 53 | ||
| Case 2 | 53 | ||
| Neocortical, magnetic resonance–negative focus | 53 | ||
| Poststroke neocortical seizure focus | 54 | ||
| Encephalocele | 54 | ||
| Periventricular nodular heterotopia | 54 | ||
| Hypothalamic hamartoma | 54 | ||
| Radiofrequency thermoablation | 54 | ||
| Focused ultrasound thermoablation | 55 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance–Guided, Robot-Assisted Disconnective Techniques | 55 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 56 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 57 | ||
| SUMMARY | 57 | ||
| REFERENCES | 57 | ||
| Stereotactic Laser Ablation for Hypothalamic Hamartoma | 59 | ||
| Key points | 59 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 59 | ||
| Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy | 60 | ||
| CASE EXAMPLES | 61 | ||
| Case 1 | 61 | ||
| Case 2 | 61 | ||
| STEREOTACTIC LASER ABLATION: PROCEDURE | 62 | ||
| Stereotactic Planning | 62 | ||
| Stereotactic Insertion of Laser Fiber Assembly | 62 | ||
| Laser Ablation with MRI Thermography | 64 | ||
| Postablation Management | 65 | ||
| SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION | 66 | ||
| REFERENCES | 66 | ||
| Laser Ablation in Pediatric Epilepsy | 69 | ||
| Key points | 69 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 69 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION | 70 | ||
| Mesial Temporal Sclerosis | 70 | ||
| Hypothalamic Hamartomas | 70 | ||
| Low-Grade Glioneuronal Tumors | 71 | ||
| LASER ABLATION | 71 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 71 | ||
| Anesthesia | 71 | ||
| Procedure | 71 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 74 | ||
| OUTCOMES | 76 | ||
| REFERENCES | 77 | ||
| Radiosurgery for Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Resulting from Mesial Temporal Sclerosis | 79 | ||
| Key points | 79 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 79 | ||
| RISKS OF TREATMENT | 80 | ||
| MECHANISM OF ACTION AND HISTOPATHOLOGY | 80 | ||
| SUMMARY | 80 | ||
| REFERENCES | 81 | ||
| The Stereo-Electroencephalography Methodology | 83 | ||
| Key points | 83 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 83 | ||
| HISTORY AND BASIC PRINCIPLES RELATED TO THE STEREO-ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY METHODOLOGY | 83 | ||
| CHOOSING STEREO-ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AS THE APPROPRIATE METHOD FOR EXTRAOPERATIVE INVASIVE MONITORING | 84 | ||
| HOW TO SELECT THE STEREO-ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY TRAJECTORIES: PLANNING THE IMPLANTATION | 86 | ||
| Limbic Network Explorations | 87 | ||
| Frontal–Parietal Network Explorations | 87 | ||
| Posterior Quadrant Network Explorations | 88 | ||
| “NUTS AND BOLTS” OF THE STEREO-ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY IMPLANTATION TECHNIQUE | 88 | ||
| MORBIDITY AND SEIZURE OUTCOME | 91 | ||
| SUMMARY | 92 | ||
| REFERENCES | 93 | ||
| Stereo-Encephalography Versus Subdural Electrodes for Seizure Localization | 97 | ||
| Key points | 97 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 97 | ||
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF OUR INSTITUTIONAL STEREO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY METHODOLOGY AND PROTOCOL | 99 | ||
| STEREO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY AS THE PREFERRED METHOD OF INVASIVE EVALUATION | 99 | ||
| Bitemporal Lobe Epilepsy | 99 | ||
| Insular Epilepsy | 100 | ||
| Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia and Tuberous Sclerosis with Multiple Lesions | 100 | ||
| Previous Craniotomy | 101 | ||
| SUBDURAL ELECTRODES AS THE PREFERRED METHOD OF INVASIVE EVALUATION | 101 | ||
| Onset Near Language Cortex | 101 | ||
| Cortical Lesions: Gangliomas, Cavernomas, or Focal Cortical Dysplasia | 103 | ||
| LESIONS WHEREBY SUBDURAL ELECTRODE AND STEREO-ENCEPHALOGRAPHY YIELD COMPARABLE OUTCOMES | 103 | ||
| Temporal Plus Epilepsy | 103 | ||
| Supplementary Motor Area/Midline Frontal or Parietal | 107 | ||
| Occipital Onset | 107 | ||
| Onset Near the Motor Cortex | 107 | ||
| SUMMARY | 108 | ||
| REFERENCES | 108 | ||
| Responsive Direct Brain Stimulation for Epilepsy | 111 | ||
| Key points | 111 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 111 | ||
| NEUROSTIMULATION FOR EPILEPSY | 112 | ||
| Closed-Loop Responsive Direct Brain Stimulation | 112 | ||
| The Responsive Neurostimulator System | 112 | ||
| Clinical Experience | 114 | ||
| Applications for Chronic Ambulatory Electrocorticographic Monitoring | 117 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 118 | ||
| REFERENCES | 119 | ||
| Neuromodulation for Epilepsy | 123 | ||
| Key points | 123 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 123 | ||
| ANTERIOR NUCLEUS DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION | 125 | ||
| Index | 133 |