BOOK
Prevention and Management of Post-Operative Complications, An Issue of Thoracic Surgery Clinics 25-4, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Prevention and Management of Post-Operative Complications is reviewed extensively in this important Thoracic Surgery Clinics of North America issue. Articles include: Cardiovascular complications following thoracic surgery; Pain management following thoracic surgery; Persistent air leak and pleural space management following pulmonary resection; Bronchopleural fistula and empyema after anatomic lung resection; Postoperative respiratory failure; Complications following carinal surgery and bronchial sleeve resection; Anastomotic leak following esophagectomy; Management of conduit necrosis following esophagectomy; Functional conduit disorders complicating esophagectomy; Complications following surgery for achalasia and anti-reflux disease; Complications following tracheal and laryngotracheal resection; Management of thoracic nerve injury; Chest wall resection and reconstruction: management of complications; Management of chylothorax; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Prevention\rand Management\rof Postoperative\rComplications\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: Reducing the Footprint of Postoperative Complications\r | vii | ||
| Cardiovascular Complications Following Thoracic Surgery\r | vii | ||
| Pain Management Following Thoracic Surgery\r | vii | ||
| The Prevention and Management of Air Leaks Following Pulmonary Resection\r | vii | ||
| Bronchopleural Fistula and Empyema After Anatomic Lung Resection\r | vii | ||
| Management of Postoperative Respiratory Failure\r | viii | ||
| Complications Following Carinal Resections and Sleeve Resections\r | viii | ||
| Anastomotic Leakage Following Esophagectomy\r | viii | ||
| Management of Conduit Necrosis Following Esophagectomy\r | viii | ||
| Functional Conduit Disorder Complicating Esophagectomy\r | ix | ||
| Complications Following Surgery for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Achalasia\r | ix | ||
| Prevention and Management of Complications Following Tracheal Resection\r | ix | ||
| Prevention and Management of Nerve Injuries in Thoracic Surgery\r | ix | ||
| Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction: Management of Complications\r | ix | ||
| Postoperative Chylothorax\r | x | ||
| THORACIC SURGERY CLINICS\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| May 2016 | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2015 | xi | ||
| May 2015 | xi | ||
| February 2015 | xi | ||
| Reducing the Footprint of Postoperative Complications | xiii | ||
| Cardiovascular Complications Following Thoracic Surgery | 371 | ||
| Key points | 371 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 371 | ||
| MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | 371 | ||
| Risk Factors and Risk Stratification | 372 | ||
| Current Guidelines for Preoperative Cardiac Testing | 372 | ||
| Echocardiography | 374 | ||
| Stress test considerations | 374 | ||
| Cautions with stress test and bronchospasm | 374 | ||
| Perioperative Management of Antiplatelet Medications for Coronary Stents | 374 | ||
| Holding antiplatelet therapy | 375 | ||
| Performing surgery with patients on antiplatelet therapy | 376 | ||
| Prophylaxis with Beta-Blockade | 376 | ||
| Treatment of Postoperative Myocardial Infarction | 376 | ||
| Cardiac Herniation | 376 | ||
| DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS/PULMONARY EMBOLISM | 376 | ||
| Introduction | 376 | ||
| Incidence in Thoracic Surgery | 377 | ||
| Prophylaxis | 377 | ||
| Mechanical | 377 | ||
| Pharmacologic | 377 | ||
| Inferior vena-cava filters | 378 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 378 | ||
| Diagnosis | 378 | ||
| Treatment | 378 | ||
| Thrombolysis | 379 | ||
| Discharge and Follow-up | 379 | ||
| Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis After Vascular Sleeve Resection | 379 | ||
| ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS | 382 | ||
| Causes of Atrial Fibrillation | 382 | ||
| Prophylaxis for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation | 382 | ||
| Beta-blockers | 382 | ||
| Calcium channel blockers | 383 | ||
| Amiodarone | 383 | ||
| Other | 383 | ||
| Treatment | 383 | ||
| Medical treatment | 383 | ||
| Cardioversion | 385 | ||
| Anticoagulation | 385 | ||
| OTHER CONSIDERATIONS | 387 | ||
| Pulmonary Hypertension and Lung Surgery | 387 | ||
| SUMMARY | 387 | ||
| REFERENCES | 387 | ||
| Pain Management Following Thoracic Surgery | 393 | ||
| Key points | 393 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 393 | ||
| ETIOLOGIES OF PAIN | 394 | ||
| Thoracotomy Versus Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery | 394 | ||
| Systemic Versus Regional Analgesia | 395 | ||
| SYSTEMIC AND PARENTERAL THERAPIES | 395 | ||
| Opioids | 395 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs | 395 | ||
| Acetaminophen | 397 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 398 | ||
| Ketamine | 398 | ||
| Dexmedetomidine | 398 | ||
| Gabapentinoids | 398 | ||
| Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion | 399 | ||
| REGIONAL ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUES | 399 | ||
| Thoracic Epidural Analgesia | 399 | ||
| Paravertebral Analgesia | 400 | ||
| Intrathecal Opioid Analgesia | 404 | ||
| Intercostal Analgesia | 404 | ||
| Intrapleural Analgesia | 404 | ||
| Cryoanalgesia | 405 | ||
| CHRONIC POSTTHORACOTOMY PAIN | 405 | ||
| Prevention | 405 | ||
| Treatment | 406 | ||
| Pharmacologic | 406 | ||
| Interventional | 406 | ||
| REFERENCES | 406 | ||
| The Prevention and Management of Air Leaks Following Pulmonary Resection | 411 | ||
| Key points | 411 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 411 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES | 412 | ||
| Intraoperative Prevention of Air Leaks | 412 | ||
| Lung mobilization | 412 | ||
| Pleural tent | 412 | ||
| Pneumoperitoneum | 413 | ||
| Surgical sealants | 413 | ||
| Staple-line buttressing | 413 | ||
| Tissue transposition | 413 | ||
| Other techniques | 413 | ||
| Postoperative Management of Air Leaks | 414 | ||
| Postoperative chest tube management | 414 | ||
| Pleural drainage systems | 415 | ||
| Chest tube removal | 416 | ||
| Noninvasive Management of Prolonged Air Leak | 416 | ||
| Heimlich valve | 416 | ||
| Pleurodesis and autologous blood patch | 416 | ||
| Invasive Management of Prolonged Air Leak | 417 | ||
| Endobronchial valves | 417 | ||
| Surgical intervention | 417 | ||
| SUMMARY | 417 | ||
| REFERENCES | 417 | ||
| Bronchopleural Fistula and Empyema After Anatomic Lung Resection | 421 | ||
| Key points | 421 | ||
| ETIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, AND PREVENTION | 421 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 422 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS | 422 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 423 | ||
| SUMMARY | 425 | ||
| REFERENCES | 425 | ||
| Management of Postoperative Respiratory Failure | 429 | ||
| Key points | 429 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 429 | ||
| RISK ASSESSMENT | 429 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 429 | ||
| Intraoperative Factors | 429 | ||
| Postoperative Factors | 430 | ||
| POSTOPERATIVE PNEUMONIA | 430 | ||
| Incidence, Mortality, and Risk Factors | 430 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 430 | ||
| Prevention | 430 | ||
| Treatment | 430 | ||
| POSTPNEUMONECTOMY PULMONARY EDEMA | 430 | ||
| Complications Following Carinal Resections and Sleeve Resections | 435 | ||
| Key points | 435 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 435 | ||
| INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS | 436 | ||
| Indications | 436 | ||
| Contraindications | 436 | ||
| Special Situations | 436 | ||
| SURGICAL PRINCIPLES | 437 | ||
| Tumor Resectability | 437 | ||
| Airway Dissection | 437 | ||
| Size Mismatch | 437 | ||
| Release Maneuvers | 437 | ||
| Anastomotic Technique | 438 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF CARINAL SURGERY AND SLEEVE RESECTIONS | 438 | ||
| POSTPNEUMONECTOMY PULMONARY EDEMA | 439 | ||
| Presentation | 439 | ||
| Prevention | 439 | ||
| Treatment | 439 | ||
| Prognosis | 439 | ||
| ANASTOMOTIC COMPLICATIONS | 443 | ||
| Bronchopleural Fistula | 443 | ||
| Anastomotic Leakage Following Esophagectomy | 449 | ||
| Key points | 449 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 449 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 450 | ||
| CAUSE AND PREVENTION | 451 | ||
| Systemic Factors | 451 | ||
| Local Factors | 452 | ||
| Technical Factors | 453 | ||
| Anastomotic Technique | 453 | ||
| ADJUNCTS FOR PREVENTION | 454 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 454 | ||
| Nonoperative Approaches | 455 | ||
| Surgical Options | 455 | ||
| Stenting | 455 | ||
| Aerodigestive Fistula Management | 456 | ||
| SUMMARY | 457 | ||
| REFERENCES | 457 | ||
| Management of Conduit Necrosis Following Esophagectomy | 461 | ||
| Key points | 461 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 461 | ||
| DEFINITION AND CONSEQUENCES | 461 | ||
| Definition | 461 | ||
| Consequences | 462 | ||
| PREVENTION | 462 | ||
| Preoperative: Individual Risk Assessment | 462 | ||
| Intraoperative: Ischemic Preconditioning, Assessment of Conduit, Blood Pressure Support | 462 | ||
| Ischemic preconditioning | 462 | ||
| Intraoperative assessment of conduit vascularity | 463 | ||
| Perfusion pressure | 463 | ||
| Management of Acute Intraoperative Conduit Loss | 466 | ||
| Management of Delayed Conduit Loss | 466 | ||
| Investigation of conduit ischemia after surgery | 467 | ||
| Optimization of Patients Before Reconstruction | 467 | ||
| Reconstruction Options | 467 | ||
| Postreconstruction Management | 468 | ||
| REFERENCES | 468 | ||
| Functional Conduit Disorder Complicating Esophagectomy | 471 | ||
| Key points | 471 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 471 | ||
| DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING | 472 | ||
| Dumping | 475 | ||
| Anastomotic Stricture/Dysphagia | 476 | ||
| Reflux | 478 | ||
| SUMMARY | 480 | ||
| REFERENCES | 480 | ||
| Complications Following Surgery for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Achalasia | 485 | ||
| Key points | 485 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 485 | ||
| ANTIREFLUX SURGERY | 486 | ||
| Preoperative Examination | 486 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF ANTIREFLUX SURGERY | 486 | ||
| Intraoperative Complications | 486 | ||
| Aspiration during intubation | 486 | ||
| Viscus injury from trocar insertion | 486 | ||
| Complications after retractor placement | 486 | ||
| Capnothorax | 487 | ||
| Esophageal perforation | 487 | ||
| Intra-abdominal catastrophe | 487 | ||
| Splenic injury | 487 | ||
| Bleeding | 488 | ||
| Early Postoperative Complications | 488 | ||
| Dysphagia | 488 | ||
| Early recurrence of hiatal hernia | 489 | ||
| Consequences of vagus nerve injury | 489 | ||
| Ileus | 489 | ||
| Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism | 489 | ||
| Later Postoperative Complications | 490 | ||
| Dysphagia | 490 | ||
| Gas bloat | 490 | ||
| Recurrence of hiatal hernia | 490 | ||
| Recurrence of reflux and regurgitation | 491 | ||
| Mesh or pledget erosion | 491 | ||
| Reoperation | 492 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF SURGERY FOR ACHALASIA | 494 | ||
| Preoperative Examination for Achalasia Surgery | 494 | ||
| Anesthesia | 494 | ||
| Trocar and Retractor Injuries | 494 | ||
| Complications of Myotomy | 494 | ||
| Mucosal injury | 494 | ||
| Subcutaneous neck and facial emphysema | 494 | ||
| Incomplete myotomy | 494 | ||
| Reflux esophagitis | 495 | ||
| The peroral endoscopic myotomy | 495 | ||
| SUMMARY | 496 | ||
| REFERENCES | 496 | ||
| Prevention and Management of Complications Following Tracheal Resection | 499 | ||
| Key points | 499 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 499 | ||
| SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 500 | ||
| Induction | 500 | ||
| Resection | 500 | ||
| Reconstruction | 501 | ||
| Extubation | 501 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS | 501 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | 503 | ||
| Anastomotic Complications | 503 | ||
| Fistulas | 505 | ||
| Laryngeal Complications | 506 | ||
| SUMMARY | 507 | ||
| REFERENCES | 507 | ||
| Prevention and Management of Nerve Injuries in Thoracic Surgery | 509 | ||
| Key points | 509 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 509 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF NERVES AND NERVE INJURY | 509 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of Peripheral Nerves | 509 | ||
| Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injury | 510 | ||
| Repair of Peripheral Nerves | 511 | ||
| NERVE INJURIES IN THORACIC SURGERY | 511 | ||
| Phrenic Nerve | 511 | ||
| Vagus Nerve | 512 | ||
| Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve | 512 | ||
| Stellate Ganglion/Sympathetic Trunk | 513 | ||
| Brachial Plexus | 514 | ||
| SUMMARY | 514 | ||
| FURTHER READINGS | 514 | ||
| Chest Wall Resection and Reconstruction | 517 | ||
| Key points | 517 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 517 | ||
| RESPIRATORY COMPLICATIONS | 518 | ||
| WOUND AND PROSTHETIC COMPLICATIONS | 518 | ||
| PREDICTORS OF COMPLICATIONS | 520 | ||
| RECENT ADVANCES | 520 | ||
| SUMMARY | 521 | ||
| REFERENCES | 521 | ||
| Postoperative Chylothorax | 523 | ||
| Key points | 523 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 523 | ||
| ELEMENTS OF ANATOMY | 523 | ||
| CAUSES | 524 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 524 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 524 | ||
| TREATMENT | 525 | ||
| SUMMARY | 526 | ||
| REFERENCES | 526 | ||
| Index | 529 |