BOOK
Congenital and Acquired Disorders of Macrophages and Histiocytes, An Issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America is devoted to Congenital and Acquired Disorders of Macrophages and Histiocytes. Guest Editors Nancy Berliner, MD and Barrett Rollins, MD have assembled a group of expert authors to review the following topics: Nosology of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH); Cell of Origin of LCH; Genomic Changes in LCH; Clinical Treatment of LCH; Neurodegeneration in LCH; Pathogenesis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH); Familial HLH; HLH in Adults; Macrophage Activation Syndrome; and Stem Cell Transplant for HLH.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Congenital and Acquired Disorders of Macrophages and \rHistiocytes | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITORS | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Dedication\r | vii | ||
| Preface: Congenital and Acquired Disorders of Macrophages and Histiocytes\r | vii | ||
| Nosology and Pathology of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis\r | vii | ||
| Cell(s) of Origin of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis\r | vii | ||
| Genomic Alterations in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis\r | vii | ||
| Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis\r | viii | ||
| Strategies for the Prevention of Central Nervous System Complications in\rPatients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: The Problem of Neurodegenerative\rSyndrome\r | viii | ||
| Pathogenesis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis\r | viii | ||
| Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis\r | viii | ||
| Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults\r | ix | ||
| Macrophage Activation Syndrome\r | ix | ||
| The Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis\r | ix | ||
| HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| December 2015 | x | ||
| February 2016 | x | ||
| April 2016 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| August 2015 | x | ||
| June 2015 | x | ||
| April 2015 | x | ||
| Dedication | xi | ||
| Preface\r | xiii | ||
| Nosology and Pathology of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 799 | ||
| Key points | 799 | ||
| PATHOLOGY OF THE HISTIOCYTOSES | 799 | ||
| GENERAL HISTOPATHOLOGY | 800 | ||
| HISTOPATHOLOGY IN SPECIFIC ORGANS | 802 | ||
| Bone | 802 | ||
| Skin | 803 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 805 | ||
| High-Risk Organ Involvement | 808 | ||
| Bone marrow | 808 | ||
| Spleen | 810 | ||
| Liver | 810 | ||
| Thymus | 812 | ||
| Thyroid | 813 | ||
| Lung | 813 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Tract | 815 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 815 | ||
| SUMMARY | 818 | ||
| REFERENCES | 818 | ||
| Cell(s) of Origin of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 825 | ||
| Key points | 825 | ||
| INTRODUCTION TO LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS | 825 | ||
| The Histiocytoses | 825 | ||
| Clinical Overview | 827 | ||
| Rationale for Current Approaches to Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 827 | ||
| MOLECULAR INSIGHTS INTO PATHOGENESIS OF LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS | 827 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: The Debate | 827 | ||
| Somatic Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Mutations in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 827 | ||
| BRANCHES OF DENDRITIC CELL DIFFERENTIATION | 829 | ||
| The Phenotype of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Dendritic Cells | 829 | ||
| Origin and Homeostasis of Langerhans Cells in the Steady State | 830 | ||
| Replenishment of Langerhans Cells During Inflammation | 830 | ||
| Dual Inflammatory Langerhans Cell Precursors | 830 | ||
| Langerhans Cells Are Not the Only Fruit: Other Human Dendritic Cells | 831 | ||
| Langerin-Positive Dendritic Cells | 831 | ||
| REVISITING THE CELL OF ORIGIN IN LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS | 832 | ||
| Lineage Tracing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 832 | ||
| An Updated Model of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 832 | ||
| Juvenile Xanthogranuloma and Erdheim-Chester Disease: Cousins or Siblings of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis? | 833 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis as a Myeloproliferative Disorder | 833 | ||
| SUMMARY/FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 834 | ||
| REFERENCES | 834 | ||
| Genomic Alterations in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 839 | ||
| Key points | 839 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 839 | ||
| MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAY ACTIVATION | 840 | ||
| BRAF | 840 | ||
| ARAF | 842 | ||
| MAP2K1 | 843 | ||
| MAP3K1 | 845 | ||
| NRAS | 845 | ||
| PIK3CA | 846 | ||
| Tumor Protein 53 | 846 | ||
| Others | 846 | ||
| Translocations and Copy Number Changes | 846 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS | 847 | ||
| SUMMARY | 847 | ||
| REFERENCES | 848 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 853 | ||
| Key points | 853 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 853 | ||
| BIOLOGY | 854 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 854 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 854 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 854 | ||
| SITES OF INVOLVEMENT | 855 | ||
| Bone | 855 | ||
| Skin | 856 | ||
| Neuroendocrine and Central Nervous Systems | 857 | ||
| Pulmonary | 857 | ||
| Hematopoietic System | 857 | ||
| Hepatobiliary System | 857 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS | 857 | ||
| Histiocyte Society’s Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Studies | 858 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis-I (LCH-I) | 858 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis-II (LCH-II) | 858 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis-III (LCH-III) | 858 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis-IV | 861 | ||
| Stratum I | 861 | ||
| Stratum II | 861 | ||
| Stratum III | 861 | ||
| Stratum IV | 861 | ||
| Stratum V | 861 | ||
| Stratum VI | 861 | ||
| Stratum VII | 861 | ||
| DAL-HX Studies | 862 | ||
| Japan Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Study Group and the Role Cytarabine | 862 | ||
| TREATMENT OF RECURRENT LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS | 863 | ||
| 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (Cladribine) | 864 | ||
| Clofarabine | 864 | ||
| Cytarabine | 864 | ||
| Bisphosphonates | 864 | ||
| Indomethacin | 865 | ||
| BRAF Inhibitors | 865 | ||
| Imatinib Mesylate | 865 | ||
| Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation | 865 | ||
| SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 865 | ||
| Adult Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 865 | ||
| Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 866 | ||
| Central Nervous System Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 866 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 868 | ||
| REFERENCES | 868 | ||
| Strategies for the Prevention of Central Nervous System Complications in Patients with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 875 | ||
| Key points | 875 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 876 | ||
| LABORATORY STUDIES OF RELEVANCE TO CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM-LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS DISEASE | 877 | ||
| Cytokines/Chemokines and Other Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers in Neuroinflammatory Diseases | 877 | ||
| Matrix Metalloproteinases and Other Cerebrospinal Fluid Molecules in Neuroinflammatory Diseases | 880 | ||
| Autoantibodies and Neuroinflammation | 880 | ||
| Complement Activation Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Diseases | 881 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease | 882 | ||
| LABORATORY AND THERAPEUTIC STUDIES TO PREVENT AND TREAT NEURODEGENERATION-CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM-LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTO ... | 882 | ||
| Patients at High Risk versus Low Risk for Central Nervous System-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 882 | ||
| Subclinical Versus Clinical Central Nervous System-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Lesions | 882 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers and the Pathogenesis of Central Nervous System-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 883 | ||
| Determination of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines/Chemokines Concentrations | 884 | ||
| Treatment of Neurodegenerative-Central Nervous System-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 884 | ||
| Opportunities for Prevention of Neurodegenerative-Central Nervous System-Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 885 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 886 | ||
| REFERENCES | 886 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis | 895 | ||
| Key points | 895 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 895 | ||
| DISEASE DESCRIPTION | 896 | ||
| GENETICS OF HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 896 | ||
| SECONDARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 899 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 900 | ||
| TREATMENT | 900 | ||
| REFERENCES | 901 | ||
| Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis | 903 | ||
| Key points | 903 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 903 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 904 | ||
| FAMILIAL HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS SUBTYPES | 904 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP | 907 | ||
| Flow Cytometry | 908 | ||
| Natural Killer Function | 908 | ||
| CD107a | 908 | ||
| TREATMENT | 909 | ||
| INITIAL THERAPY FOR FAMILIAL HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 909 | ||
| HEMATOPOIETIC CELL TRANSPLANTATION | 910 | ||
| SUMMARY/FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 910 | ||
| REFERENCES | 910 | ||
| Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Adults | 915 | ||
| Key points | 915 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 915 | ||
| ACQUIRED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 916 | ||
| Infection | 917 | ||
| Malignancy | 917 | ||
| Autoimmune Conditions, Macrophage Activation Syndrome | 917 | ||
| Diagnosis | 918 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 918 | ||
| Neurologic Manifestations | 919 | ||
| Dermatologic Manifestations | 919 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 919 | ||
| Elevated ferritin | 920 | ||
| Hemophagocytosis | 920 | ||
| Liver function abnormality and coagulopathy | 920 | ||
| Soluble CD163 | 920 | ||
| Depressed natural killer function | 921 | ||
| Elevated serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor | 921 | ||
| Prognosis | 921 | ||
| Treatment | 921 | ||
| Refractory/Recurrent Disease | 922 | ||
| Treatment of Specific Populations | 923 | ||
| Treatment of the clinically stable patient | 923 | ||
| Infectious trigger | 923 | ||
| Rheumatologic trigger | 923 | ||
| Oncologic trigger | 924 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 924 | ||
| REFERENCES | 924 | ||
| Macrophage Activation Syndrome | 927 | ||
| Key points | 927 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 927 | ||
| HISTORY, NOMENCLATURE, AND CLASSIFICATION | 928 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 928 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 928 | ||
| CLINICAL, LABORATORY, AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC FEATURES | 929 | ||
| TRIGGERING FACTORS | 931 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES | 932 | ||
| THE NEW CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA | 934 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 935 | ||
| REFERENCES | 937 | ||
| The Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Treatment of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis | 943 | ||
| Key points | 943 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 943 | ||
| ACHIEVING REMISSION IN PEDIATRIC HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 944 | ||
| RATIONALE FOR ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN PEDIATRIC HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 945 | ||
| ADVANCES IN CONDITIONING INTENSITY | 947 | ||
| USE OF ALTERNATIVE DONOR SOURCES | 947 | ||
| SPECIFIC ROLE OF ALEMTUZUMAB AND IMPORT OF POST–HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION CHIMERISM | 948 | ||
| ALGORITHM FOR HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION FAMILIAL VERSUS INFECTION-ASSOCIATED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 949 | ||
| UNIQUE ASPECTS OF ADULT-ONSET HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 951 | ||
| RATIONALE FOR ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN ADULT HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 952 | ||
| LACK OF A CLEAR ALGORITHM IN ADULT-ONSET HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS | 953 | ||
| SUMMARY | 955 | ||
| REFERENCES | 955 | ||
| Index | 961 |