BOOK
Stroke Rehabilitation, An Issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 26-4, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics will focus on stroke rehabilitation and will include articles such as: Mechanisms of stroke recovery, Insights from basic sciences, Stroke recovery and predictors of rehabilitation outcomes, Upper limb motor impairments, Post-stroke spasticity, Communication disorders and dysphagia, Neuropharmacology of Recovery, Robotic therapy, and many more.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Stroke Rehabilitation\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: An Expression of Gratitude \r | vii | ||
| Preface: Stroke Rehabilitation\r | vii | ||
| Predictors of Functional Outcome Following Stroke\r | vii | ||
| Upper Limb Motor Impairment After Stroke\r | vii | ||
| Hemiparetic Gait\r | vii | ||
| Spasticity Management After Stroke\r | viii | ||
| Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain\r | viii | ||
| Poststroke Communication Disorders and Dysphagia\r | viii | ||
| Neuropharmacology of Poststroke Motor and Speech Recovery\r | viii | ||
| Robotic Therapy and the Paradox of the Diminishing Number of Degrees of Freedom\r | ix | ||
| The Split-Belt Walking Paradigm: Exploring Motor Learning and Spatiotemporal Asymmetry Poststroke\r | ix | ||
| Integrating Mental Practice with Task-specific Training and Behavioral Supports in Poststroke Rehabilitation: Evidence, Com ...\r | ix | ||
| Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia\r | ix | ||
| Stroke Rehabilitation Using Virtual Environments\r | x | ||
| Tailoring Brain Stimulation to the Nature of Rehabilitative Therapies in Stroke: A Conceptual Framework Based on their Uniq ...\r | x | ||
| PHYSICAL MEDICINEANDREHABILITATION\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| February 2016 | xi | ||
| May 2016 | xi | ||
| August 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2015 | xi | ||
| May 2015 | xi | ||
| February 2015 | xi | ||
| Foreword: An Expression of Gratitude \r | xiii | ||
| Preface: Stroke \rRehabilitation | xv | ||
| Predictors of Functional Outcome Following Stroke | 583 | ||
| Key points | 583 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 583 | ||
| PATTERNS OF RECOVERY FROM STROKE AND KEY MEASURES OF OUTCOME | 584 | ||
| PREDICTORS OF FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME AFTER STROKE | 585 | ||
| Activities of Daily Living | 585 | ||
| Ambulation | 587 | ||
| Upper Limb Dexterity | 588 | ||
| Language | 592 | ||
| SUMMARY | 593 | ||
| REFERENCES | 593 | ||
| Upper Limb Motor Impairment After Stroke | 599 | ||
| Key points | 599 | ||
| THE NATURE OF UPPER LIMB MOTOR IMPAIRMENT | 599 | ||
| UNDERSTANDING MOTOR IMPAIRMENT FROM A FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE | 600 | ||
| LEARNED NONUSE | 600 | ||
| LEARNED BAD USE | 602 | ||
| FORGETTING | 603 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS | 605 | ||
| CLINICAL OUTCOMES | 605 | ||
| REFERENCES | 606 | ||
| Hemiparetic Gait | 611 | ||
| Key points | 611 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 611 | ||
| NEURAL CONTROL OF NORMAL HUMAN GAIT | 612 | ||
| NORMAL HUMAN WALKING | 612 | ||
| NORMAL HUMAN GAIT CYCLE | 613 | ||
| Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait | 613 | ||
| Kinematics and Kinetics of Gait | 614 | ||
| MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING THE GAIT CYCLE | 615 | ||
| Effect of Center of Gravity on Muscle Activity and Gait | 615 | ||
| GAIT DEVIATIONS IN HEMIPARESIS | 617 | ||
| Primitive Locomotor Patterns | 617 | ||
| Spatiotemporal Parameters of Hemiparetic Gait | 618 | ||
| Kinematics of Hemiparetic Gait | 618 | ||
| Kinetics of Hemiparetic Gait | 619 | ||
| Dynamic Muscle Activation in Hemiparetic Gait | 620 | ||
| ENERGY COSTS OF HEMIPARETIC WALKING | 620 | ||
| CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF HEMIPARETIC GAIT | 620 | ||
| Observational Gait Assessment | 621 | ||
| SUMMARY | 621 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 622 | ||
| REFERENCES | 622 | ||
| Spasticity Management After Stroke | 625 | ||
| Key points | 625 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 625 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 626 | ||
| Identifying Spasticity | 626 | ||
| Measuring Spasticity | 627 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 631 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 631 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 635 | ||
| COMBINING INTERVENTIONS | 635 | ||
| TREATMENT RESISTANCE/COMPLICATIONS | 636 | ||
| SUMMARY | 636 | ||
| REFERENCES | 636 | ||
| Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain | 641 | ||
| Key points | 641 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 641 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 642 | ||
| Impaired Motor Control and Tone Changes | 642 | ||
| Glenohumeral subluxation | 642 | ||
| Scapular dyskinesis | 642 | ||
| Spastic shoulder muscles | 644 | ||
| Soft Tissue Lesions | 644 | ||
| Impingement syndrome and rotator cuff injury | 644 | ||
| Bicipital tendinopathy | 645 | ||
| Adhesive capsulitis | 645 | ||
| Myofascial pain | 645 | ||
| Altered Peripheral and Central Nervous Activity | 646 | ||
| Peripheral nerve entrapment | 646 | ||
| Complex regional pain syndrome | 646 | ||
| Central poststroke pain | 647 | ||
| Central hypersensitivity | 647 | ||
| TREATMENT OPTIONS | 648 | ||
| All Causes | 648 | ||
| Prevention | 648 | ||
| Straps or slings | 648 | ||
| Exercise | 648 | ||
| Specific Causes | 648 | ||
| Spasticity | 648 | ||
| Soft tissue lesions | 648 | ||
| Complex regional pain syndrome | 649 | ||
| Central poststroke pain | 649 | ||
| Central hypersensitivity | 649 | ||
| Emerging Treatment Options | 650 | ||
| Suprascapular nerve block | 650 | ||
| Percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation | 650 | ||
| SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 651 | ||
| REFERENCES | 651 | ||
| Poststroke Communication Disorders and Dysphagia | 657 | ||
| Key points | 657 | ||
| COMMUNICATION DISORDERS | 657 | ||
| Neural Control | 658 | ||
| Aphasia | 658 | ||
| Dysarthria | 658 | ||
| Apraxia of speech | 659 | ||
| Diagnosis | 659 | ||
| Aphasia | 659 | ||
| Dysarthria | 661 | ||
| Neuropharmacology of Poststroke Motor and Speech Recovery | 671 | ||
| Key points | 671 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 671 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS IN MOTOR AND SPEECH RECOVERY | 672 | ||
| Central Nervous System Stimulators (Amphetamines and Methylphenidate) | 672 | ||
| Dopaminergic Agonists | 680 | ||
| Selective Serotonergic/Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitors | 682 | ||
| Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (Galantamine/Donepezil/Memantine) | 683 | ||
| Piracetam | 684 | ||
| Citicoline | 685 | ||
| Moclobemide: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor | 686 | ||
| Lithium | 686 | ||
| SUMMARY | 687 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 687 | ||
| REFERENCES | 687 | ||
| Robotic Therapy and the Paradox of the Diminishing Number of Degrees of Freedom | 691 | ||
| Key points | 691 | ||
| INTRODUCTION: DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY | 691 | ||
| UPPER EXTREMITY ROBOTIC THERAPY: THE TIPPING POINT | 692 | ||
| RESULTS | 693 | ||
| COST OUTCOMES | 695 | ||
| LOWER EXTREMITY ROBOTIC THERAPY: IN ITS INFANCY | 696 | ||
| DEFINING SUCCESS IN ROBOTIC REHABILITATION | 696 | ||
| BEYOND THE TIPPING POINT: FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION | 697 | ||
| THE PARADOX OF THE DIMINISHING NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM | 700 | ||
| SUMMARY | 700 | ||
| REFERENCES | 700 | ||
| The Split-Belt Walking Paradigm | 703 | ||
| Key points | 703 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 703 | ||
| ADAPTATION | 704 | ||
| RETENTION | 706 | ||
| TRAINING | 708 | ||
| SUMMARY | 711 | ||
| REFERENCES | 711 | ||
| Integrating Mental Practice with Task-specific Training and Behavioral Supports in Poststroke Rehabilitation | 715 | ||
| Key points | 715 | ||
| EMPIRICAL SUPPORT FOR MENTAL PRACTICE | 717 | ||
| CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTEGRATING MENTAL PRACTICE INTO CLINICAL ENVIRONMENTS | 717 | ||
| Mental Practice for Upper Extremity Retraining | 721 | ||
| The Physical Practice Component | 721 | ||
| Behavioral support | 722 | ||
| The Mental Practice Component | 722 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR MENTAL PRACTICE RESEARCH AND INTEGRATION | 723 | ||
| The Window of Mental Practice Administration | 723 | ||
| Mental Practice Augmented by Noninvasive Brain Stimulation | 723 | ||
| SUMMARY | 724 | ||
| REFERENCES | 724 | ||
| Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia | 729 | ||
| Key points | 729 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 729 | ||
| NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FUNDAMENTALS | 730 | ||
| PURPOSES OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION FOR UPPER AND LOWER LIMB REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE | 731 | ||
| NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION MODALITIES FOR UPPER LIMB REHABILITATION | 731 | ||
| NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION MODALITIES FOR LOWER LIMB REHABILITATION | 735 | ||
| PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL EFFECTS OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN STROKE REHABILITATION | 737 | ||
| EMERGING DIRECTIONS FOR NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN STROKE REHABILITATION | 738 | ||
| REFERENCES | 739 | ||
| Stroke Rehabilitation Using Virtual Environments | 747 | ||
| Key points | 747 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 747 | ||
| FEATURES FOR MOTOR LEARNING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS | 748 | ||
| POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF ACTION | 748 | ||
| Effect of Augmented Feedback on Motor Learning | 748 | ||
| Effect of Virtual Environments on Cortical Networks | 748 | ||
| Effect of Immersion on Motor Performance | 749 | ||
| IMPAIRMENTS TARGETED BY VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT INTERVENTIONS | 749 | ||
| Upper Extremity Is an Area of Focus | 749 | ||
| Proximal movement: shoulder and elbow | 749 | ||
| Distal movement: hand, wrist, and fingers | 750 | ||
| Gait Training with Virtual Environments Have Limited Effect | 750 | ||
| Balance Interventions Comparable with Conventional Care | 751 | ||
| Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions Are Lacking | 751 | ||
| Speech Rehabilitation Intervention Options Are Few | 751 | ||
| Spatial Neglect Is an Area of Need | 752 | ||
| Proprioception and Sensory Deficits Are Gaining Attention | 752 | ||
| CURRENT CHALLENGES | 752 | ||
| SUMMARY | 753 | ||
| REFERENCES | 754 | ||
| Tailoring Brain Stimulation to the Nature of Rehabilitative Therapies in Stroke | 759 | ||
| Key points | 759 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 760 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF RECOVERY UNDERLYING UNILATERAL THERAPY | 761 | ||
| COMBINING NONINVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION WITH UNILATERAL THERAPY BASED ON THEORY OF UNDERLYING MECHANISMS | 761 | ||
| LIMITATIONS OF UNILATERAL THERAPIES AND ASSOCIATED NONINVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION APPROACHES | 762 | ||
| Stroke Population Heterogeneity | 763 | ||
| Damage in the Affected Hemisphere | 764 | ||
| Influence of the Unaffected Hemisphere | 764 | ||
| BILATERAL THERAPY AS AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH | 765 | ||
| Mechanisms of Bilateral Movement in Chronic Stroke | 765 | ||
| Pathways Subserving Potential Benefits of Bilateral Therapies | 767 | ||
| Spared corticomotor neuronal pool of the affected hemisphere | 767 | ||
| Direct and indirect ipsilateral corticospinal pathways from the unaffected hemisphere | 768 | ||
| Importance of Bilateral Therapy for Patients with Greater Impairment | 768 | ||
| NONINVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION APPROACHES DURING BILATERAL THERAPY | 768 | ||
| SUMMARY | 769 | ||
| REFERENCES | 769 | ||
| Index | 775 |