BOOK
Tickborne Borrelia Infections, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Topics in this publication on tickborne borrelia infections include: Lyme disease epidemiology and transmission; Clinical manifestation and treatment of Lyme disease; Neuroborreliosis; Prevention of Lyme disease; Lyme disease diagnosis - serology; Lyme disease diagnosis - alternatives to serology; Lyme disease co-infections; Relapsing fever borrelia (global review); Emerging tickborne borrelia - B. miyamotoi; Lyme Disease and the immune response. Led by Elli Theel Director of the Infectious Diseases Serology Laboratory of Mayo Clinic, this issue includes authors from the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada to present their expertise on tickborne disease for the clinical pathologist, the infectious disease specialist, and other clinicians who work with patients with these diseases.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Tickborne Borrelia Infections\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: Tickborne Borrelia Infections: Beyond Just Lyme Disease\r | v | ||
| Ecology and Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis\r | v | ||
| Borrelia burgdorferi Pathogenesis and the Immune Response\r | v | ||
| Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Lyme Disease\r | v | ||
| Nervous System Lyme Disease\r | v | ||
| Lyme Disease Diagnosis: Serology\r | vi | ||
| Alternatives to Serologic Testing for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease\r | vi | ||
| Lyme Disease Coinfections in the United States\r | vi | ||
| Relapsing Fever Borreliae: A Global Review\r | vii | ||
| Borrelia miyamotoi Disease: Neither Lyme Disease Nor Relapsing Fever\r | vii | ||
| Methods to Prevent Tick Bites and Lyme Disease\r | vii | ||
| CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE\r | viii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | viii | ||
| March 2016 | viii | ||
| June 2016 | viii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | viii | ||
| September 2015 | viii | ||
| June 2015 | viii | ||
| March 2015 | viii | ||
| Preface: Tickborne Borrelia Infections: Beyond Just Lyme Disease \r | ix | ||
| Ecology and Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis | 723 | ||
| Key points | 723 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 723 | ||
| GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE DISEASE | 724 | ||
| THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT | 724 | ||
| THE VECTOR | 727 | ||
| RESERVOIR HOSTS AND THE AMPLIFICATION OF BORRELIA BURGDORFERI S.L. IN NATURE | 729 | ||
| SEASONALITY OF TICK ACTIVITY AND HUMAN INFECTIONS | 731 | ||
| GENETIC FACTORS | 733 | ||
| LYME DISEASE IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES | 734 | ||
| RISK FACTORS FOR LYME DISEASE | 735 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 736 | ||
| REFERENCES | 736 | ||
| Borrelia burgdorferi Pathogenesis and the Immune Response | 745 | ||
| Key points | 745 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 745 | ||
| BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GENOMIC VARIATION | 746 | ||
| BORRELIA BURGDORFERI PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS | 747 | ||
| BORRELIA BURGDORFERI ADHESINS | 747 | ||
| Decorin Binding | 747 | ||
| Fibronectin Binding | 747 | ||
| Integrin Binding | 748 | ||
| IMMUNE EVASION | 749 | ||
| Antigenic Variation | 749 | ||
| Complement Resistance | 750 | ||
| BORRELIA BURGDORFERI VIRULENCE FACTORS | 750 | ||
| THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO BORRELIA BURGDORFERI | 751 | ||
| THE INITIAL HOST-PATHOGEN INTERFACE: THE ERYTHEMA MIGRANS LESION | 752 | ||
| EFFECT OF VECTOR-ENCODED FACTORS ON INNATE IMMUNITY | 753 | ||
| CONCLUDING REMARKS | 754 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 754 | ||
| REFERENCES | 755 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations and Treatment of Lyme Disease | 765 | ||
| Key points | 765 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 765 | ||
| NATURAL COURSE OF UNTREATED DISEASE | 766 | ||
| EARLY, LOCALIZED LYME DISEASE | 766 | ||
| EARLY DISSEMINATED LYME DISEASE | 766 | ||
| LATE LYME DISEASE | 769 | ||
| POST-LYME DISEASE SYMPTOMS | 770 | ||
| POST-LYME DISEASE SYNDROME | 770 | ||
| CONGENITAL INFECTION | 770 | ||
| RELAPSE VERSUS REINFECTION | 771 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 771 | ||
| THERAPY | 771 | ||
| EARLY INFECTION | 772 | ||
| LATE INFECTION | 773 | ||
| TREATMENT OF CHILDREN AND DURING PREGNANCY | 773 | ||
| POST-LYME DISEASE SYMPTOMS/SYNDROME | 773 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 774 | ||
| REFERENCES | 776 | ||
| Nervous System Lyme Disease | 779 | ||
| Key points | 779 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 779 | ||
| NEUROLOGY 101 | 780 | ||
| LYME DISEASE AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OR NEUROBORRELIOSIS | 781 | ||
| HISTORIC BEGINNINGS | 781 | ||
| The First Described Case of Neuroborreliosis | 781 | ||
| Lyme Pathophysiology | 782 | ||
| LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF NEUROBORRELIOSIS | 783 | ||
| CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS | 786 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System Involvement | 786 | ||
| Radiculitis | 786 | ||
| Cranial neuritis | 787 | ||
| Mononeuropathy | 787 | ||
| Confluent mononeuropathy multiplex | 787 | ||
| Central Nervous System Involvement | 787 | ||
| Lyme Encephalopathy | 788 | ||
| Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndrome and Chronic Lyme Disease | 789 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LYME NEUROBORRELIOSIS | 790 | ||
| SUMMARY | 790 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 790 | ||
| REFERENCES | 791 | ||
| Lyme Disease Diagnosis | 797 | ||
| Key points | 797 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 797 | ||
| INFECTION AND IMMUNE RESPONSE | 798 | ||
| SEROLOGY BEFORE 1995 | 799 | ||
| STANDARDIZED 2-TIER TESTING | 802 | ||
| STANDARDIZED 2-TIER TESTING PERFORMANCE, 1995 TO PRESENT | 802 | ||
| PITFALLS IN STANDARDIZED 2-TIER TESTING | 804 | ||
| Testing Too Soon After Early Infection | 804 | ||
| Single-Tier Testing | 804 | ||
| Immunoglobulin M Western Immunoblotting Regardless of Duration of Illness | 804 | ||
| Overinterpretation of Less Than Positive Standardized 2-tier Testing Results | 805 | ||
| POSTTREATMENT TESTING | 805 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1995 AND STANDARDIZED 2-TIER TESTING | 805 | ||
| Two-tier Enzyme Immunoassays | 806 | ||
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Lyme Serum Repository | 807 | ||
| Predictive Value of Serology Results | 807 | ||
| TESTING FOR INFECTIONS ACQUIRED OUTSIDE NORTH AMERICA | 810 | ||
| SUMMARY | 810 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 810 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 812 | ||
| REFERENCES | 812 | ||
| Alternatives to Serologic Testing for Diagnosis of Lyme Disease | 815 | ||
| Key points | 815 | ||
| CULTURE | 816 | ||
| ANTIGEN DETECTION | 817 | ||
| ASSAYS TO DETECT CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY | 817 | ||
| NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS | 818 | ||
| Erythema Migrans | 819 | ||
| Disseminated Infection | 819 | ||
| Acute Versus Chronic Infection | 820 | ||
| SUMMARY | 820 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 821 | ||
| REFERENCES | 822 | ||
| Lyme Disease Coinfections in the United States | 827 | ||
| Key points | 827 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 827 | ||
| Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Anaplasmosis) | 828 | ||
| Introduction | 828 | ||
| Epidemiology | 828 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 829 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 829 | ||
| Treatment and prognosis | 833 | ||
| Coinfection with Lyme disease | 833 | ||
| Vectors and reservoir hosts | 833 | ||
| Humans | 833 | ||
| Babesia Species (Babesiosis) | 833 | ||
| Introduction | 833 | ||
| Epidemiology | 834 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 834 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 835 | ||
| Treatment and prognosis | 835 | ||
| Coinfection with Lyme disease | 836 | ||
| Vectors and reservoir hosts | 836 | ||
| Humans | 836 | ||
| Deer Tick (Powassan) Virus | 836 | ||
| Introduction | 836 | ||
| Epidemiology | 836 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 836 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 837 | ||
| Treatment and prognosis | 837 | ||
| Coinfection with Lyme disease | 837 | ||
| Vectors and reservoir hosts | 837 | ||
| Humans | 837 | ||
| Borrelia miyamotoi (Relapsing Fever Borreliosis) | 837 | ||
| Introduction | 837 | ||
| Epidemiology | 838 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 838 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 838 | ||
| Treatment and prognosis | 838 | ||
| Coinfection with Lyme disease | 838 | ||
| Vectors and reservoir hosts | 838 | ||
| Humans | 838 | ||
| Ehrlichia muris–like Agent (Ehrlichiosis) | 838 | ||
| Introduction | 838 | ||
| Epidemiology | 839 | ||
| Clinical presentation | 839 | ||
| Laboratory diagnosis | 839 | ||
| Treatment and prognosis | 839 | ||
| Coinfection with Lyme disease | 839 | ||
| Vectors and reservoir hosts | 839 | ||
| Humans | 840 | ||
| SUMMARY | 840 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 840 | ||
| REFERENCES | 841 | ||
| Relapsing Fever Borreliae | 847 | ||
| Key points | 847 | ||
| HISTORICAL BACKGROUND | 847 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 848 | ||
| MICROBIOLOGY | 848 | ||
| ECOLOGY AND TRANSMISSION | 851 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 853 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 854 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 855 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 856 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC METHODS | 857 | ||
| Microscopy | 857 | ||
| Animal Inoculation | 857 | ||
| Cultivation | 858 | ||
| Serologic Detection | 858 | ||
| Molecular Detection | 858 | ||
| Proteomics | 858 | ||
| CONTROL AND INTERVENTION | 859 | ||
| CONCLUDING REMARKS | 859 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 860 | ||
| REFERENCES | 860 | ||
| Borrelia miyamotoi Disease | 867 | ||
| Key points | 867 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 868 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 870 | ||
| TRANSMISSION | 871 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 872 | ||
| Case 1. Uncomplicated Borrelia miyamotoi Disease | 873 | ||
| Case 2. Human Anaplasmosis or Borrelia miyamotoi Disease? | 873 | ||
| Case 3. Recurrent Fever Presentation | 874 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 875 | ||
| TREATMENT | 878 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 878 | ||
| REFERENCES | 880 | ||
| Methods to Prevent Tick Bites and Lyme Disease | 883 | ||
| Key points | 883 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 883 | ||
| Avoiding Risk Areas | 884 | ||
| Preventing Bites and Pathogen Transmission | 885 | ||
| Use of topical repellents | 886 | ||
| Wear appropriate clothing | 886 | ||
| Clothing treatments | 886 | ||
| Tick checks | 887 | ||
| Effectiveness of personal protection | 887 | ||
| Reducing Environmental Risk | 888 | ||
| Use of pesticides to control ticks | 888 | ||
| Management of tick hosts including reservoirs | 888 | ||
| Vegetation or landscape management | 889 | ||
| Biological control | 889 | ||
| Effectiveness of tick control | 890 | ||
| Human vaccines against Lyme disease | 890 | ||
| Prophylactic Treatment for Those Bitten by Ticks | 890 | ||
| Recommendations | 892 | ||
| SELF-ASSESSMENT | 892 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 893 | ||
| REFERENCES | 893 |