BOOK
Reproductive Consequences of Pediatric Disease, An Issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America is devoted to Reproductive Endocrinology. Guest Editors Peter Lee, MD and Christopher P. Houk, MD have assembled a group of expert authors to review the following topics: Fertility Among Females and Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (21-Hydroxylase Deficiency); Reproductive Issues for Turner Syndrome; Fertility and Reproduction Among Childhood Cancer Survivors; Fertility After Crypotochidism; Male Obesity and Fertility; Fertility Issues among Transgender Individuals; Fertility Preservation in Pediatrics; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS); Fertility Issues for Patients With Delayed Puberty (Constitutional Delay, Functional Delay, and Hypogonadotropism); Varicocele; Testis Development and Reproduction in Klinefelters Syndrome; and Fertility Issues Among Those With Disorders of Sex Development.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Reproductive Consequences of \rPediatric Disease | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Reproductive Endocrinology \r | vii | ||
| Preface\r | vii | ||
| Infertility and Reproductive Function in Patients with Congenital Adrenal\rHyperplasia: Pathophysiology, Advances in Management, and Recent Outcomes\r | vii | ||
| Reproductive Issues in Women with Turner Syndrome\r | vii | ||
| Gonadal Function and Fertility Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer\r | vii | ||
| Cryptorchidism and Fertility\r | viii | ||
| Male Obesity\r | viii | ||
| Psychological Outcomes and Reproductive Issues Among Gender Dysphoric Individuals\r | viii | ||
| Reproductive System Outcome Among Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome \x0B | viii | ||
| Fertility Preservation in Children and Adolescents\r | ix | ||
| Fertility Issues for Patients with Hypogonadotropic Causes of Delayed Puberty\r | ix | ||
| Adolescent Varicoceles and Infertility\r | ix | ||
| Testis Development and Fertility Potential in Boys with Klinefelter Syndrome\r | ix | ||
| Fertility Issues in Disorders of Sex Development\r | x | ||
| ENDOCRINOLOGY AND\rMETABOLISM CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| March 2016 | xi | ||
| June 2016 | xi | ||
| September 2016 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| September 2015 | xi | ||
| June 2015 | xi | ||
| March 2015 | xi | ||
| Foreword: Reproductive Endocrinology \r | xiii | ||
| Preface | xvii | ||
| Infertility and Reproductive Function in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | 705 | ||
| Key points | 705 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 705 | ||
| FERTILITY IN WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA | 707 | ||
| Pregnancy and Fertility Rates | 707 | ||
| Proposed Factors Contributing to Reduced Fertility | 707 | ||
| Both classic and nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 707 | ||
| Factors unique to classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia | 708 | ||
| Fertility Treatments | 709 | ||
| PREGNANCY AND ITS OUTCOMES | 709 | ||
| FERTILITY IN MEN WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA | 710 | ||
| Fertility and Fecundity Rates | 710 | ||
| Factors Contributing to Reduced Fertility | 711 | ||
| Testicular adrenal rest tumors | 711 | ||
| Leydig cell dysfunction | 712 | ||
| Sertoli cell dysfunction | 712 | ||
| Glucocorticoid overtreatment | 713 | ||
| Psychological factors and quality of life | 713 | ||
| Diagnostic Approach and Evaluation | 713 | ||
| Fertility Treatments | 713 | ||
| REFERENCES | 715 | ||
| Reproductive Issues in Women with Turner Syndrome | 723 | ||
| Key points | 723 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 723 | ||
| OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT IN WOMEN WITH TURNER SYNDROME | 724 | ||
| PUBERTAL MATURATION IN TURNER SYNDROME | 727 | ||
| Gonadotropins and Ovarian Hormone Production | 727 | ||
| Ovarian and Uterine Growth | 727 | ||
| Menstrual Function | 727 | ||
| PREGNANCY IN TURNER SYNDROME | 728 | ||
| Assisted Reproductive Technology | 728 | ||
| Pregnancy Outcomes | 729 | ||
| RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY | 730 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disorders | 730 | ||
| Hepatic Disease | 731 | ||
| Thyroid Disease | 731 | ||
| Diabetes and Glucose Metabolism | 731 | ||
| Cesarean Section Delivery | 732 | ||
| Prepregnancy Counseling | 732 | ||
| PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY RECOMMENDATIONS | 732 | ||
| SUMMARY | 734 | ||
| REFERENCES | 734 | ||
| Gonadal Function and Fertility Among Survivors of Childhood Cancer | 739 | ||
| Key points | 739 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 739 | ||
| FERTILITY IN MALE LONG-TERM SURVIVORS | 740 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 740 | ||
| Gonadal damage and alkylating agents | 740 | ||
| Gonadal damage and stem cell transplantation with high-dose chemotherapy | 740 | ||
| Fertility and alkylating agents in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study | 741 | ||
| Fertility and stem cell transplantation | 741 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 742 | ||
| Gonadal damage and radiation exposure | 742 | ||
| Fertility and gonadal radiation | 742 | ||
| Fertility and cranial radiation | 742 | ||
| FERTILITY IN FEMALE LONG-TERM SURVIVORS | 743 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 743 | ||
| Gonadal damage and alkylating agents | 743 | ||
| Gonadal damage and stem cell transplantation with high-dose chemotherapy | 744 | ||
| Antimüllerian hormone | 744 | ||
| Fertility and alkylating agents in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study | 744 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 745 | ||
| Gonadal damage and radiation exposure | 745 | ||
| Fertility and gonadal radiation | 745 | ||
| Fertility and cranial radiation | 746 | ||
| SUMMARY | 746 | ||
| REFERENCES | 746 | ||
| Cryptorchidism and Fertility | 751 | ||
| Key points | 751 | ||
| GERM CELL PROLIFERATION DURING CHILDHOOD | 751 | ||
| GERM CELL LOSS IN CRYPTORCHIDISM | 752 | ||
| EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON GERM CELLS—HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE | 752 | ||
| PATERNITY RATES | 752 | ||
| SPERM CONCENTRATION AND ADULT TESTICULAR SIZE AFTER CRYPTORCHIDISM | 753 | ||
| ACQUIRED CRYPTORCHIDISM AND FERTILITY | 755 | ||
| SUMMARY | 756 | ||
| REFERENCES | 756 | ||
| Male Obesity | 761 | ||
| Key points | 761 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 761 | ||
| SCOPE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS | 762 | ||
| OBESITY IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE | 763 | ||
| MALE PUBERTY | 764 | ||
| MALE FERTILITY | 765 | ||
| CHILDHOOD GROWTH, FAT MASS DEVELOPMENT, AND MALE PUBERTY | 765 | ||
| EFFECTS OF PUBERTY ON OBESITY | 766 | ||
| PUTATIVE INFLUENCE OF OBESITY ON TIMING OF PUBERTY | 766 | ||
| EFFECTS OF OBESITY ON MALE REPRODUCTION | 767 | ||
| MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE MODULATION OF MALE PUBERTY AND REPRODUCTION | 768 | ||
| SUMMARY AND RESEARCH AGENDA | 770 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 770 | ||
| REFERENCES | 770 | ||
| Psychological Outcomes and Reproductive Issues Among Gender Dysphoric Individuals | 773 | ||
| Key points | 773 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 773 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 774 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 774 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 775 | ||
| TREATMENT | 775 | ||
| Completely Reversible Interventions | 775 | ||
| Partially Reversible Interventions | 777 | ||
| Irreversible Interventions | 779 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES | 779 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE AND FERTILITY OUTCOMES | 781 | ||
| SUMMARY | 782 | ||
| REFERENCES | 783 | ||
| Reproductive System Outcome Among Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | 787 | ||
| Key points | 787 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOME IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: ANOVULATORY AND OVULATORY PATIENTS | 787 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF ANOVULATION IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 788 | ||
| IMPROVEMENT OF FERTILITY DURING LATE REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 790 | ||
| MENOPAUSAL AGE IN WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 792 | ||
| A RATIONALE APPROACH TO INFERTILITY TREATMENT IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME | 793 | ||
| REFERENCES | 794 | ||
| Fertility Preservation in Children and Adolescents | 799 | ||
| Key points | 799 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 799 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR FERTILITY PRESERVATION | 800 | ||
| GAMETE CRYOPRESERVATION | 802 | ||
| Ethical and Psychosocial Considerations for Fertility Preservation | 803 | ||
| Evaluation of Fertility Potential | 803 | ||
| Fertility Preservation Counseling | 804 | ||
| Fertility Preservation Treatment Options | 806 | ||
| Prepubertal Boys | 807 | ||
| Testicular tissue freezing | 807 | ||
| Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation, xenotransplantation, and in vitro maturation of sperm | 807 | ||
| Postpubertal Boys | 807 | ||
| Sperm cryopreservation | 807 | ||
| Testicular sperm extraction | 808 | ||
| Prepubertal Girls | 808 | ||
| Ovarian tissue cryopreservation | 808 | ||
| Ovarian transposition/oophoropexy | 808 | ||
| Postpubertal Girls | 809 | ||
| Mature oocyte cryopreservation | 809 | ||
| In vitro maturation of immature oocytes | 810 | ||
| Embryo cryopreservation | 810 | ||
| Trachelectomy | 811 | ||
| Medical gonadal suppression | 811 | ||
| Uterine transplantation | 812 | ||
| Posttreatment options | 812 | ||
| SUMMARY | 812 | ||
| REFERENCES | 812 | ||
| Fertility Issues for Patients with Hypogonadotropic Causes of Delayed Puberty | 821 | ||
| Key points | 821 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 821 | ||
| IS SELF-LIMITED DELAYED PUBERTY BENIGN? | 822 | ||
| Adult Height | 823 | ||
| Bone Mineral Density and Fracture | 823 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM | 824 | ||
| Resumption of Menses | 824 | ||
| Observational studies | 824 | ||
| Interventional studies | 825 | ||
| Pregnancy | 826 | ||
| Prognostic Factors for Recovery | 826 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM | 827 | ||
| Women | 828 | ||
| Men | 828 | ||
| Prognostic Factors for Fertility | 828 | ||
| SUMMARY | 830 | ||
| REFERENCES | 830 | ||
| Adolescent Varicoceles and Infertility | 835 | ||
| Key points | 835 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 835 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VARICOCELES | 836 | ||
| INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF VARICOCELES | 837 | ||
| Varicocele-Associated Pain | 837 | ||
| Varicocele-Associated Hypogonadism | 837 | ||
| Varicocele and Adult Male Infertility | 837 | ||
| Adolescent Varicoceles | 838 | ||
| APPROACH TO VARICOCELE REPAIR | 839 | ||
| SUMMARY | 840 | ||
| REFERENCES | 840 | ||
| Testis Development and Fertility Potential in Boys with Klinefelter Syndrome | 843 | ||
| Key points | 843 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 843 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 844 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 844 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 845 | ||
| TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT, FUNCTION, AND PATHOLOGY | 845 | ||
| Fetal | 846 | ||
| Infancy | 846 | ||
| Prepubertal Childhood | 850 | ||
| Puberty | 850 | ||
| Adulthood | 851 | ||
| MEDICAL MANAGEMENT | 851 | ||
| Infancy | 851 | ||
| Childhood | 852 | ||
| Puberty | 852 | ||
| Adults | 853 | ||
| FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTION | 853 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS/SUMMARY | 856 | ||
| REFERENCES | 857 | ||
| Fertility Issues in Disorders of Sex Development | 867 | ||
| Key points | 867 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 867 | ||
| 46,XY DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT | 868 | ||
| Complete Forms of 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development | 868 | ||
| Partial forms of 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development | 868 | ||
| Partial gonadal dysgenesis | 870 | ||
| Partial androgen synthesis defects | 871 | ||
| Luteinizing hormone receptor | 871 | ||
| Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cholesterol side-chain cleavage | 872 | ||
| Cytochrome P450c17 | 872 | ||
| P450 oxidoreductase | 872 | ||
| 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 | 872 | ||
| 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 | 872 | ||
| 5α-reductase type 2 | 872 | ||
| AKR1C2/AKR1C4 | 873 | ||
| Androgen receptor | 873 | ||
| Anti-Müllerian hormone/anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 | 873 | ||
| 46,XX DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT | 873 | ||
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | 873 | ||
| 11β-hydroxylase | 875 | ||
| 3β-HSD2 | 875 | ||
| P450 oxidoreductase | 875 | ||
| Aromatase Deficiency | 875 | ||
| Management of Fertility Issues | 876 | ||
| OVOTESTICULAR AND TESTICULAR DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT | 876 | ||
| Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development | 877 | ||
| 46,XX Testicular Disorders of Sex Development | 877 | ||
| SUMMARY | 877 | ||
| REFERENCES | 877 | ||
| Index | 883 |