BOOK
Genitourinary Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics focuses on diseases of the genitourinary tract: Prostate, Kidney, Bladder, Testes, and Adrenals. As with all information in this series, presentations relate to the daily practice of surgical pathologists. A practical and innovative feature in this issue is the inclusion of several articles from the “clinician’s perspective in which an oncologist discusses the diagnosis of the disease and relates this to the information they require from the pathologist. Topics include: Morphologic updates in prostate pathology; Molecular updates in prostate pathology; Diagnosis of prostate carcinoma: A clinician’s perspective; Commonly encountered renal neoplasms; Emerging dntities in renal neoplasia; Diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma: A clinician’s perspective; Morphologic and molecular characteristics of bladder cancer; Diagnosis of bladder carcinoma: A clinician’s perspective; Overview of testicular neoplasia; Diagnosis of testicular cancer: A clinician’s perspective; Overview of adrenal neoplasia; Diagnosis of adrenal carcinoma: A clinician’s perspective; Benign lesions of the GU tract . Michelle Hirsch leads this issue with a group of expert genitourinary pathologists and oncologists.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Genitourinary Pathology\r | i | ||
| Copyright \r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface \r | v | ||
| Morphologic Updates in Prostate Pathology\r | v | ||
| Molecular Updates in Prostate Cancer\r | v | ||
| Active Surveillance: Pathologic and Clinical Variables Associated with Outcome\r | v | ||
| Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review of Established Entities from Morphology to Molecular Genetics\r | v | ||
| Emerging Entities in Renal Neoplasia\r | vi | ||
| Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Clinician’s Perspective\r | vi | ||
| Morphologic and Molecular Characteristics of Bladder Cancer\r | vi | ||
| Diagnosis of Bladder Carcinoma: A Clinician’s Perspective\r | vi | ||
| Tumors of the Testis: Morphologic Features and Molecular Alterations\r | vii | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer: A Clinician’s Perspective\r | vii | ||
| Adrenal Tumors in Adults\r | vii | ||
| Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Clinician’s Perspective\r | vii | ||
| Updates in Benign Lesions of the Genitourinary Tract\r | viii | ||
| SURGICAL PATHOLOGY CLINICS\r | ix | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | ix | ||
| March 2016 | ix | ||
| June 2016 | ix | ||
| September 2016 | ix | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | ix | ||
| September 2015 | ix | ||
| June 2015 | ix | ||
| March 2015 | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Morphologic Updates in Prostate Pathology | 539 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 539 | ||
| OVERVIEW: UPDATE ON THE GLEASON GRADING SYSTEM | 539 | ||
| GLEASON GRADE 1 | 539 | ||
| GLEASON GRADE 2 | 539 | ||
| GLEASON GRADE 3 | 539 | ||
| GLEASON GRADE 4 | 541 | ||
| GLEASON GRADE 5 | 541 | ||
| PROGNOSTIC GLEASON GRADE GROUPS | 542 | ||
| GLEASON SCORE AND ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE | 545 | ||
| GLEASON GRADE OF TUMOR AT THE MARGIN AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF PROGNOSIS | 545 | ||
| UPDATE ON VARIANTS OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA | 545 | ||
| DECEPTIVELY BENIGN-APPEARING VARIANTS OF TYPICAL ACINAR ADENOCARCINOMA | 545 | ||
| Foamy Gland Adenocarcinoma | 545 | ||
| Prostatic Adenocarcinoma with Atrophic Features (Atrophic Pattern Adenocarcinoma) | 546 | ||
| Pseudohyperplastic Adenocarcinoma | 547 | ||
| Microcystic Adenocarcinoma | 547 | ||
| EMERGING VARIANTS OF PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA | 548 | ||
| Pleomorphic Giant Cell Adenocarcinoma | 548 | ||
| Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia–like Adenocarcinoma | 549 | ||
| Proposed Morphologic Classification of Prostate Carcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation | 549 | ||
| Usual Prostate Adenocarcinoma with Neuroendocrine Differentiation | 550 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma with Paneth Cell–like Neuroendocrine Differentiation | 550 | ||
| Carcinoid Tumor | 550 | ||
| Small Cell Carcinoma | 551 | ||
| Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma | 551 | ||
| Mixed Neuroendocrine Carcinoma–Acinar Carcinoma | 552 | ||
| Update on Immunohistochemistry in Prostate Cancer | 552 | ||
| REFERENCES | 554 | ||
| Molecular Updates in Prostate Cancer | 561 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 561 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 561 | ||
| CARCINOGENESIS AND GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY | 561 | ||
| ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | 561 | ||
| GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY | 562 | ||
| EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS | 566 | ||
| GENETIC SOMATIC MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS | 567 | ||
| ETS GENE FUSIONS | 569 | ||
| PTEN AND PI3K/MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN PATHWAY | 569 | ||
| OTHER TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES AND ONCOGENES | 570 | ||
| GENOMIC SIGNATURES | 571 | ||
| EMERGING CLINICAL GENOMIC MOLECULAR CLASSIFIER ASSAYS | 571 | ||
| EMERGING EARLY DETECTION MARKERS AND TARGETS OF THERAPY | 574 | ||
| REFERENCES | 575 | ||
| Active Surveillance | 581 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 581 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 581 | ||
| ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE OUTCOMES | 582 | ||
| PATHOLOGIC AND CLINICAL VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOME | 582 | ||
| NOVEL BIOMARKERS AND IMAGING TECHNIQUES PREDICTING AGGRESSIVENESS OF LOW-RISK PROSTATE CANCER | 583 | ||
| SUMMARY | 584 | ||
| REFERENCES | 584 | ||
| Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma | 587 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 587 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 587 | ||
| CLEAR CELL (CONVENTIONAL) RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 588 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION, GROSS FEATURES, AND PROGNOSIS | 588 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION | 589 | ||
| GENETIC ALTERNATIONS | 590 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHWAYS | 591 | ||
| ANCILLARY STUDIES | 592 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 592 | ||
| PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 596 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION, GROSS FEATURES, AND PROGNOSIS | 596 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION | 596 | ||
| GENETIC ALTERATIONS | 598 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHWAYS | 598 | ||
| ANCILLARY STUDIES | 599 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 599 | ||
| CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 601 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION, GROSS FEATURES, AND PROGNOSIS | 601 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION | 601 | ||
| GENETIC ALTERATIONS | 601 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHWAYS | 602 | ||
| ANCILLARY STUDIES AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 602 | ||
| XP11.2 (TFE3) TRANSLOCATION RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 604 | ||
| OVERVIEW, GENETIC ALTERATIONS, AND PROGNOSIS | 604 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES | 605 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND ANCILLARY STUDIES | 605 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHWAYS | 605 | ||
| MUCINOUS TUBULAR AND SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA | 607 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION, GROSS FEATURES, AND PROGNOSIS | 607 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION | 607 | ||
| ANCILLARY STUDIES | 607 | ||
| GENETIC ALTERATIONS | 608 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 609 | ||
| COLLECTING DUCT CARCINOMA | 612 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION, MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES, AND PROGNOSIS | 612 | ||
| ANCILLARY STUDIES AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 614 | ||
| GENETIC ALTERATIONS | 614 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 615 | ||
| REFERENCES | 615 | ||
| Emerging Entities in Renal Neoplasia | 623 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 623 | ||
| TUBULOCYSTIC CARCINOMA | 623 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 623 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 623 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 623 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 625 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 626 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 626 | ||
| CLEAR-CELL–PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA/RENAL ANGIOMYODENOMATOUS TUMOR CATEGORY OF TUMORS | 627 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 627 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 628 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 628 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 628 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 631 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 632 | ||
| THYROID-LIKE FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA OF THE KIDNEY | 632 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 632 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 633 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 633 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 633 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 633 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 634 | ||
| ANAPLASTIC LYMPHOMA KINASE–ASSOCIATED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 634 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 634 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 635 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 635 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 635 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 635 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 637 | ||
| RENAL CELL CARCINOMA WITH T(6;11) TRANSLOCATION | 637 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 637 | ||
| GROSS FINDINGS | 637 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE | 637 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 639 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 639 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 639 | ||
| ACQUIRED CYSTIC DISEASE–ASSOCIATED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 640 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 640 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 640 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 642 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 642 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 643 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 644 | ||
| SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE–DEFICIENT RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 645 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 645 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 645 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES, MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 645 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 646 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 647 | ||
| HEREDITARY LEIOMYOMATOSIS AND RENAL CELL CARCINOMA SYNDROME–ASSOCIATED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 649 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 649 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 649 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES, MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, AND DIAGNOSIS | 649 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 652 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 652 | ||
| REFERENCES | 653 | ||
| Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma | 657 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 657 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 657 | ||
| RENAL MASS BIOPSY: EXPECTATIONS FROM THE CLINICIANS | 658 | ||
| SMALL RENAL MASSES AND LOCALIZED RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 658 | ||
| METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 658 | ||
| NEPHRECTOMY SPECIMEN: EXPECTATIONS FROM THE CLINICIANS | 658 | ||
| EVOLVING FIELD OF PROGNOSIS AND PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA | 659 | ||
| SUMMARY | 660 | ||
| REFERENCES | 661 | ||
| Morphologic and Molecular Characteristics of Bladder Cancer | 663 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 663 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 663 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 664 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 664 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND GRADING OF UROTHELIAL NEOPLASIA | 664 | ||
| STAGING | 667 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 667 | ||
| VARIANT MORPHOLOGIES | 670 | ||
| MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA | 672 | ||
| REFERENCES | 674 | ||
| Diagnosis of Bladder Carcinoma | 677 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 677 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 677 | ||
| NON–MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER | 677 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION OF BLADDER CANCER VARIANTS | 679 | ||
| NONMETASTATIC MUSCLE-INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER | 680 | ||
| SUMMARY | 683 | ||
| REFERENCES | 684 | ||
| Tumors of the Testis | 687 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 687 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 687 | ||
| GERM CELL TUMORS AND THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 687 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 687 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES OF TESTIS, PURE AND MIXED MALIGNANT GERM CELL TUMORS | 688 | ||
| SEMINOMATOUS GERM CELL TUMORS | 690 | ||
| Classic Seminoma | 690 | ||
| Clinical features | 690 | ||
| Microscopic features | 690 | ||
| Spermatocytic Tumor (Previously Called Spermatocytic Seminoma) | 691 | ||
| Clinical features | 691 | ||
| Microscopic features | 692 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry and molecular | 692 | ||
| NONSEMINOMATOUS GERM CELL TUMORS | 692 | ||
| Embryonal Carcinoma | 692 | ||
| Clinical features | 692 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer | 717 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 717 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 717 | ||
| CLINICAL STAGE I SEMINOMA | 718 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 718 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 718 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 718 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 718 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 719 | ||
| CLINICAL STAGE I NONSEMINOMA | 719 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 719 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 719 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 719 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 719 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 720 | ||
| RESIDUAL MASS IN ADVANCED DISEASE | 720 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 720 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 720 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 720 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 721 | ||
| MIDLINE CANCER OF UNKNOWN PRIMARY | 721 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 721 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 721 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 721 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 722 | ||
| SUMMARY | 722 | ||
| REFERENCES | 722 | ||
| Adrenal Tumors in Adults | 725 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 725 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 725 | ||
| ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA | 725 | ||
| ADRENAL CORTICAL ADENOMA | 726 | ||
| ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA | 729 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 729 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 729 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES AND CRITERIA FOR MALIGNANCY | 729 | ||
| VARIANT ADRENOCORTICAL TUMORS | 733 | ||
| IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY | 736 | ||
| PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA | 737 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 737 | ||
| GROSS FEATURES | 738 | ||
| MICROSCOPIC FEATURES | 740 | ||
| CRITERIA FOR MALIGNANCY | 741 | ||
| IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY | 744 | ||
| Hereditary Syndromes | 744 | ||
| REFERENCES | 747 | ||
| Adrenocortical Carcinoma | 751 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 751 | ||
| OVERVIEW | 751 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS | 752 | ||
| CLINICAL | 752 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL CONSIDERATIONS | 752 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 753 | ||
| REFERENCES | 753 | ||
| Updates in Benign Lesions of the Genitourinary Tract | 755 | ||
| ABSTRACT | 755 | ||
| KIDNEY | 755 | ||
| MIXED EPITHELIAL AND STROMAL TUMOR AND CYSTIC NEPHROMA | 755 | ||
| Introduction | 755 | ||
| Gross Features | 755 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 755 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 757 | ||
| Diagnosis | 758 | ||
| Prognosis | 758 | ||
| ANGIOMYOLIPOMA | 758 | ||
| Gross Features | 759 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 759 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 759 | ||
| Diagnosis | 761 | ||
| Prognosis | 761 | ||
| ONCOCYTOMA | 761 | ||
| Gross Features | 761 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 761 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 763 | ||
| Diagnosis | 764 | ||
| Prognosis | 765 | ||
| HEMANGIOMA | 765 | ||
| Gross Features | 765 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 765 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 765 | ||
| Diagnosis | 767 | ||
| Prognosis | 767 | ||
| URINARY BLADDER | 767 | ||
| VON BRUNN NESTS, CYSTITIS CYSTICA, AND CYSTITIS GLANDULARIS | 767 | ||
| Gross Features | 767 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 767 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 768 | ||
| Diagnosis | 770 | ||
| Prognosis | 770 | ||
| NEPHROGENIC ADENOMA | 770 | ||
| Gross Features | 771 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 771 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 771 |