BOOK
CT Angiography, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on CT Angiography. Articles will include: CT Angiography ā A Review and Technical Update; CT Angiography of Thoracic Aorta; CT Angiography of Abdominal Aorta; CT Angiography of the Liver, Spleen, and Pancreas; CT Angiography of the Bowel and Mesentery; CT Angiography of the Renal Circulation; CT Angiography of the Lower Extremities; CT Angiography of the Upper Extremities; Pediatric Considerations in CT Angiography; CT Angiography of the Neurovascular Circulation; Role of MRA in the Era of Modern CT Angiography; CT Angiography for Preoperative Thoracoabdominal Flap Planning; and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| CT Angiography\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: CT Angiography\r | v | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography: A Review and Technical Update\r | v | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Thoracic Aorta\r | v | ||
| Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta\r | v | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Splenic Circulation\r | vi | ||
| Computed Tomograpy Angiography of the Renal Circulation\r | vi | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Small Bowel and Mesentery\r | vi | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Upper Extremities\r | vi | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Lower Extremities\r | vi | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography for Preoperative Thoracoabdominal Flap Planning\r | vii | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Neurovascular Circulation\x0B | vii | ||
| Pediatric Considerations in Computed Tomographic Angiography\r | vii | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | viii | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | viii | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | viii | ||
| ACCREDITATION | viii | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | viii | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | viii | ||
| TO ENROLL | viii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | ix | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | ix | ||
| RADIOLOGIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| March 2016 | x | ||
| May 2016 | x | ||
| July 2016 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| November 2015 | x | ||
| September 2015 | x | ||
| July 2015 | x | ||
| Preface: CT Angiography \r | xi | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| BASIC PRINCIPLES | 1 | ||
| Principles of Computed Tomography Angiography Data Acquisition | 2 | ||
| Principles of Contrast Medium Enhancement for Computed Tomography Angiography | 2 | ||
| Basic Contrast Injection Protocol | 3 | ||
| Principles of Image Postprocessing | 4 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY: TECHNICAL UPDATE | 4 | ||
| X-ray Tube Technology | 4 | ||
| Dual-Source Technology | 5 | ||
| Detector Technology | 5 | ||
| Computed Tomography Acquisition Speed Versus Temporal Resolution | 6 | ||
| Electrocardiogram Synchronization Techniques for Computed Tomography Angiography | 6 | ||
| Low Tube Potential (Kilovolt [Peak]) for Computed Tomography Angiography | 7 | ||
| Automated Kilovolt (Peak) Selection for Cardiovascular Computed Tomography | 8 | ||
| Disadvantages and Limitations of Low Kilovolt (Peak) Computed Tomography Angiography | 8 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 8 | ||
| Iterative Image Reconstruction for Computed Tomography Angiography | 8 | ||
| ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS, AND COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS | 9 | ||
| SUMMARY | 10 | ||
| REFERENCES | 10 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Thoracic Aorta | 13 | ||
| Key points | 13 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 13 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING PROTOCOL | 14 | ||
| Dose Reduction | 14 | ||
| Noncontrast Computed Tomography | 14 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography | 14 | ||
| Delayed Scan | 15 | ||
| Postprocessing | 15 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY AND NORMAL VARIANTS | 15 | ||
| ACUTE AORTIC SYNDROME | 17 | ||
| Aortic Dissection | 18 | ||
| Intramural Hematoma | 20 | ||
| Penetrating Aortic Ulcer | 21 | ||
| Traumatic Aortic Transection | 21 | ||
| THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSM | 22 | ||
| Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm | 25 | ||
| AORTIC COARCTATION | 26 | ||
| POSTPROCEDURAL EVALUATION OF THE AORTA | 27 | ||
| Evaluation after Repair of Aortic Dissection and Aneurysm | 27 | ||
| Elephant Trunk and Staged Thoracic Aortic Repair | 28 | ||
| PREPROCEDURAL EVALUATION FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT | 28 | ||
| SUMMARY | 29 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 29 | ||
| REFERENCES | 29 | ||
| Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Abdominal Aorta | 35 | ||
| Key points | 35 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 35 | ||
| ANATOMY | 35 | ||
| Normal Anatomy | 35 | ||
| Variant Anatomy | 36 | ||
| IMAGE ACQUISITION TECHNIQUE AND POSTPROCESSING | 37 | ||
| Scanner Setup | 37 | ||
| Contrast Injection Technique | 38 | ||
| Abdominal Aorta Computed Tomographic Angiography Protocols | 40 | ||
| Postprocessing | 40 | ||
| Computed Tomographic Angiography Radiation Dose Considerations | 41 | ||
| PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA | 41 | ||
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 41 | ||
| Clinical presentation and pathophysiology | 41 | ||
| Imaging and differential diagnosis | 42 | ||
| Pearls and pitfalls | 43 | ||
| What the referring physician needs to know | 43 | ||
| EVALUATING REPAIR OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM | 45 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Pathophysiology | 45 | ||
| Imaging and Differential Diagnosis | 45 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 46 | ||
| What the Referring Physician Needs to Know | 46 | ||
| ACUTE AORTIC DISEASE | 46 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Pathophysiology | 46 | ||
| Imaging and Differential Diagnosis | 47 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 48 | ||
| What the Referring Physician Needs to Know | 48 | ||
| ATHEROSCLEROTIC OCCLUSIVE DISEASE | 49 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Pathophysiology | 49 | ||
| Imaging and Differential Diagnosis | 49 | ||
| Pearls and Pitfalls | 49 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Hepatic, Pancreatic, and Splenic Circulation | 55 | ||
| Key points | 55 | ||
| MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES | 55 | ||
| Technical Factors | 55 | ||
| Hepatic Phases | 55 | ||
| Pancreatic Protocol | 56 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography and Low Peak Kilovoltage Imaging | 56 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Image Reconstruction and Postprocessing Techniques | 57 | ||
| ARTERIAL ANATOMY | 58 | ||
| CELIAC AXIS | 58 | ||
| HEPATIC ARTERY | 58 | ||
| Pancreatic Arterial Anatomy | 58 | ||
| Splenic Artery | 58 | ||
| VENOUS ANATOMY | 59 | ||
| Portal Venous Anatomy | 59 | ||
| Conventional Anatomy | 59 | ||
| Variant Anatomy | 60 | ||
| Hepatic Venous Anatomy | 60 | ||
| LIVER MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 60 | ||
| Preoperative Assessment for Hepatic Transplantation | 60 | ||
| Postoperative Evaluation for Liver Transplantation | 60 | ||
| Hepatic Artery Thrombosis | 60 | ||
| Hepatic Artery Stenosis | 61 | ||
| Hepatic Artery Aneurysms | 61 | ||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 61 | ||
| SPLENIC MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 62 | ||
| Splenic Artery Aneurysms | 62 | ||
| PANCREATIC MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 63 | ||
| Pancreatic Cancer | 63 | ||
| Hypervascular Pancreatic Tumors | 63 | ||
| Pancreatic Metastases | 64 | ||
| Vascular Complications of Pancreatitis | 65 | ||
| SUMMARY | 68 | ||
| REFERENCES | 68 | ||
| Computed Tomograpy Angiography of the Renal Circulation | 71 | ||
| Key points | 71 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 71 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY: TECHNIQUE | 72 | ||
| RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS | 73 | ||
| RENAL ARTERY ANEURYSMS | 74 | ||
| RENAL ANOMALIES | 75 | ||
| ACUTE RENAL ARTERY OCCLUSIVE DISEASE: DISSECTION AND THROMBOEMBOLISM | 76 | ||
| RENAL TRAUMA | 78 | ||
| RENAL TRANSPLANTS | 80 | ||
| RENAL TUMORS | 82 | ||
| RENAL VOLUME FLOW DETERMINATIONS | 83 | ||
| SUMMARY | 85 | ||
| REFERENCES | 85 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Small Bowel and Mesentery | 87 | ||
| Key points | 87 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 87 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PROTOCOLS | 88 | ||
| ACUTE ABNORMALITIES | 89 | ||
| Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding | 89 | ||
| Acute Mesenteric Ischemia | 90 | ||
| Vasculitis | 93 | ||
| Acute Crohn DiseaseāRelated Inflammation | 94 | ||
| CHRONIC DISORDERS | 96 | ||
| Mesenteric Artery Dissection | 96 | ||
| Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome | 97 | ||
| Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome | 98 | ||
| Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia | 98 | ||
| SUMMARY | 99 | ||
| REFERENCES | 99 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Upper Extremities | 101 | ||
| Key points | 101 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 101 | ||
| SCAN PROTOCOLS AND PHYSIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS | 102 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 102 | ||
| Scanning Parameters | 102 | ||
| Contrast medium injection | 102 | ||
| Image Postprocessing | 103 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY | 103 | ||
| VARIANT ANATOMY | 104 | ||
| Trauma | 105 | ||
| Rheumatologic/Connective Tissue Disorders | 106 | ||
| Vasculitis | 106 | ||
| Overuse Syndromes | 108 | ||
| Arteriovenous Fistulae/Grafts | 109 | ||
| Vascular Malformations | 109 | ||
| Compression Syndromes | 110 | ||
| Perivascular Pathology | 111 | ||
| SUMMARY | 113 | ||
| REFERENCES | 114 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Lower Extremities | 115 | ||
| Key points | 115 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 115 | ||
| CLINICAL INDICATIONS FOR LOWER EXTREMITY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 115 | ||
| NORMAL AND VARIANT LOWER EXTREMITY VASCULAR ANATOMY ON COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 116 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY PROTOCOLS FOR LOWER EXTREMITY IMAGING | 119 | ||
| POSTPROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF LOWER EXTREMITY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 120 | ||
| ALTERNATIVES TO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF LOWER EXTREMITY VASCULAR DISEASE | 121 | ||
| LOWER EXTREMITY ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND ISCHEMIA | 122 | ||
| LOWER EXTREMITY VASCULAR TRAUMA | 123 | ||
| NONATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY ARTERIES | 126 | ||
| LOWER EXTREMITY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FOR TREATMENT PLANNING | 127 | ||
| SUMMARY | 127 | ||
| REFERENCES | 128 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography for Preoperative Thoracoabdominal Flap Planning | 131 | ||
| Key points | 131 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 131 | ||
| SURGICAL EVOLUTION | 132 | ||
| ANATOMY | 133 | ||
| OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE | 135 | ||
| ROLE OF PREOPERATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY | 135 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE | 138 | ||
| POSTPROCESSING | 139 | ||
| REPORTING | 141 | ||
| ADDITIONAL IMAGING CONSIDERATIONS | 143 | ||
| SUMMARY | 144 | ||
| REFERENCES | 144 | ||
| Computed Tomography Angiography of the Neurovascular Circulation | 147 | ||
| Key points | 147 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 147 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 147 | ||
| Patient Selection and Preparation | 147 | ||
| Equipment Specifications and Technique | 148 | ||
| Intravenous Contrast | 149 | ||
| Postprocessing (Interpretation/Independent Thin Client/Workstation) | 150 | ||
| Radiation Dose and Safety Issues | 150 | ||
| INDICATIONS | 151 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF CAROTID ARTERY STENOOCCLUSIVE DISEASE | 152 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE | 154 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC STROKE | 155 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE AND CEREBRAL VASOSPASM | 158 | ||
| DOCUMENTATION/STANDARDIZED REPORTING FORMAT | 158 | ||
| Imaging Checklist | 158 | ||
| SUMMARY | 160 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 160 | ||
| REFERENCES | 160 | ||
| Pediatric Considerations in Computed Tomographic Angiography | 163 | ||
| Key points | 163 | ||
| IMAGING CHOICES: HOW DOES COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY COMPARE TO OTHER MODALITIES? | 163 | ||
| Computed Tomographic Angiography or Echocardiography? | 164 | ||
| Computed Tomographic Angiography or MR Angiography? | 164 | ||
| Computed Tomographic Angiography or Catheter Angiography? | 165 | ||
| PATIENT PREPARATION FOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY | 165 | ||
| Screening for Renal Disease and Contrast-induced Nephropathy | 165 | ||
| Intravenous Contrast Reactions in Pediatric Patients | 166 | ||
| Atmosphere | 167 | ||
| Sedation | 168 | ||
| Ī²Blockade in Pediatric Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography | 170 | ||
| COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE | 170 | ||
| Tube Current | 170 | ||
| Tube Potential | 171 | ||
| Pitch and Temporal Resolution | 172 | ||
| Scanning Mode | 172 | ||
| Intravenous Access and Contrast Administration | 173 | ||
| PITFALLS OF PEDIATRIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY | 173 | ||
| SUMMARY | 175 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 175 | ||
| REFERENCES | 175 | ||
| Index | 177 |