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Development and Semi-periphery

Development and Semi-periphery

Renato Boschi | Carlos Henrique Santana

(2013)

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Abstract

This book is a collection of articles focusing on comparative analysis of the development trajectories in the semi-periphery countries of South America and Central and Eastern Europe. The book tries to approach the dilemmas of development in the semi-periphery as diversely as possible, always emphasising the variety of trajectories as a crucial factor. Therefore there are evaluations of the role of cognitive regimes produced by professional fields as elements of collective action coordination and as beacons that fix State-society relations. As opposed to the transitology studies that were prevalent in the 1990s, and that treated the neoliberal context in these two regions separately, the articles in this volume instead offer a new comparative analysis about the consequences of the neoliberal reforms and the new actors that deal with these results.

The book is concentrated on the experiences with market reforms and institutional legacies during the last twenty years. Central and Eastern Europe and South American countries have gone through a rapid restructuring of productive regimes in the process of integration with the global capitalist system. This volume discusses the variety of forms of state that have unfolded in different peripheral countries and their role in the social engineering of economic models and social policies, as well as to the impact of state capacities and ideas on the institutional innovations. These essays also compare the transformations in political culture, collective identities and contentious politics in both areas. The growing distance between the state and society, social disintegration and the concrete effects of market reforms (unemployment, informality, loss of rights) were closely related to a growing social mobilization as well as to a politicization of social and ethnic identities in South America. In Eastern Europe the institutional model of liberal democracy has been challenged on the one hand by the claims of social equality that derives from the communist legacy, and on the other hand by the question of political rights that has emerged within the context of the new wave of nationalisms and politicisation of ethnic identities.  


“Of the emerging economies, those of Latin America and Eastern Europe receive less attention than China and India. This important volume will contribute to changing this situation. From a global comparative perspective, it sheds light on economic development and on political and politico-cultural changes over the last twenty years, and offers discussion of theoretical issues.” —Dr Uwe Becker, University of Amsterdam


“This volume revives the debates in comparative political economy concerning East European and Latin American transformations. Much can be learned from the diverse experiences of peripherality, development, and the different patterns of insertion into the flows of global capitalism. Bringing together a wide range of disciplinary perspectives, the collection discusses the topics of macroeconomic transformations, state capacity and policies of development, the role of the elites and the diffusion of ideas, and cultural and identity politics.” —Dr Jan Drahokoupil, University of Mannheim


‘Development and Semi-periphery’ presents a collection of articles that focus on comparative analysis of development trajectories in the semi-peripheral countries of South America and Central Eastern Europe. As opposed to the transitology studies that were prevalent in the 1990s, and that treated the neoliberal context in these two regions separately, the articles in this book instead offer a new comparative analysis focusing on the consequences of neoliberal reforms and the new actors that deal with their results. The essays discuss the various forms of state that have unfolded in different peripheral countries, their role in the social engineering of economic models and social policies, and the impact of state capacities and ideas on institutional innovation. The volume also compares transformations in political culture, collective identities and contentious politics in both areas.


Renato Boschi holds a PhD in political science from the University of Michigan, and is currently Full Professor in Political Science at the Institute of Social and Political Studies, IESP-UERJ.

Carlos Henrique Santana holds a PhD in political science from the Institute of Social and Political Studies, IESP-UERJ, was formerly Assistant Professor in Political Science at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and is currently a researcher at the International Celso Furtado Center for Development Policies and at the NEIC-IESP.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Matter i
Half Title i
Title Page iii
Copyright Page iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables and Figures vii
Main Matter i
Introduction – Renato Boschi and Carlos Henrique Santana 1
Understanding Trajectories 4
Chapters 5
Acknowledgments 15
References 15
Part I DEVELOPMENT, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM 17
1. Postsocialist States in the System of Global Capitalism: A Comparative Perspective – David Lane 19
State Socialism and the World System 20
The Consequences of Reform: The Shift to a Global Economy 23
The Distribution of Transnational Companies 26
Affi liates and Global Reach 27
Globalization of the Postsocialist Countries 30
Intellectual Capital 33
The Impact on Human Development 35
Conclusions 37
Notes and References 41
2. Politics and Development: Lessons from Latin America – Renato Boschi and Flavio Gaitán 45
Introduction 45
New Development Agenda for Latin America 47
Conclusions: Uncertainty and the Development Process 59
References 60
3. Managing the Faustian Bargain: Monetary Autonomy in the Pursuit of Development in Eastern Europe and Latin America – Joseph Nathan Cohen 65
Managing Money under Financial Capitalism: Some Preliminaries 66
Maintaining Monetary Autonomy: Five Generic Strategies 70
Choices for Latin America and Eastern Europe 77
References 80
4. Development and Dependency, Developmentalism and Alternatives – José Maurício Domingues 83
Introduction 83
Development: In General and in Latin America 84
Development in Brazil 91
An Excursus on “Alternative Development” or “Alternatives to Development” 95
Conclusion 98
References 100
Part II POLITICAL CULTURE, IDENTITY POLITICS AND POLITICAL CONTENTION 103
5. Indigenous Movements in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru – Xavier Albó 105
Basic Data 105
Entangled Processes 107
Coming to Power within the State 115
Notes and References 122
6. Path Dependence versus Adaptation in Estonian Ethnopolitics – Raivo Vetik 123
Introduction 123
Historical Context of the Statelessness Issue in Estonia 125
Perception of Reasons of Persistent Statelessness 127
The Citizenship Status and Adaptation of Estonian Russians in the Estonian Society 132
Conclusion 136
References 137
7. Integration Parliaments in Europe and Latin America: Explaining Variations – Juliana Erthal 141
Integration Parliaments in Europe and Latin America 141
Parliaments outside the Nation-State 142
Integration Parliaments: EP, Parlacen and Parlandino 145
Between Europe, Central America and the Andes: Explaining the Variation 155
Acknowledgments 156
Notes 157
References 160
Official Documents and Speeches 161
Part III IDEAS AND THE ROLE OF ELITES AND ADVOCACY NETWORKS: TRANSLATING AND LEGTIMATING THE FRONTIERS OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS 163
8. Marketing Professional Expertise by (Re)Inventing States – Yves Dezalay and Bryant Garth 165
Imported Expertise in Latin American “Palace Wars” 167
The Globalization of the Market of the Import-Export of State Expertise 174
Towards a Sociological Problematic 175
Conclusion 178
References 178
9. Identity, Policy Preferences and the Perception of the European Integration Process among the Hungarian Elites – György Lengyel and Borbála Göncz 181
Introduction 181
Theoretical Background 181
Structure of Attachment to Different Territorial Levels 184
Symbolic and Pragmatic Aspects 186
Policy Preferences 187
How the Goals, Institutions and Benefits of the Integration Process are Perceived 190
Connections between Identity, Policy Preferences and the Perception of the Integration Process 191
Conclusions 196
References 198
Appendix 199
10. Critical Junctures, Institutional Legacies and Epistemic Communities: A Development Agenda in Brazil – Carlos Henrique Santana 201
Introduction 201
Varieties of Capitalism and Institutional Changes 202
The Brazilian Trajectory and Its Critical Junctures 205
Institutionalization of Legacy 206
The Protagonist Network and Degrees of Institutional Freedom 208
BNDES and Pension Funds: New Translation of Institutional Legacies 215
BNDES 216
Pension Funds 223
Conclusion 227
Acknowledgments 229
References 229
Part IV ECONOMIC REFORMS, PUBLIC POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT 237
11. Development and Citizenship in the Semi-periphery: Reflecting on the Brazilian Experience – Krista Lillemets 239
Introduction 239
Theoretical Reflections on Peripheral Modernization in Latin America 241
Brazil Facing Rapid Social Transformations 243
Capitalist Modernization in the Neoliberal Molds in the 1990s 249
“The Shift to the Left”: Striving for Autonomous Global Policies and Social Inclusion 252
Conclusion 259
Acknowledgments 261
References 261
12. The Periphery Paradox in Innovation Policy: Latin America and Eastern Europe Compared – Rainer Kattel and Annalisa Primi 265
Introduction 265
Production Structure and Incentives for Innovation 267
The Evolution of Innovation Policy 272
Latin America 273
Central and Eastern Europe 283
Policy Models in a Comparative Perspective 291
The “Proinnovation” Momentum: A Way Outof the Periphery Paradox? 295
Conclusions 298
References 300
13. The Lula Government and the Social Democratic Experience in Brazil – Fabiano Santos 305
Introduction 305
Social Democracy: Theoretical Issues 307
Liberalism, Social Democracy and Political Competition in the Postwar Era 311
A New Outline for Political Conflict in the Era of Globalization 314
The Recent Brazilian Context: Public Policies in the Light of Social Democracy 316
Family Grant: Conceptual Basis and Electoral Impacts 319
Conclusion 324
References 326