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Abstract
This book is a collection of articles focusing on comparative analysis of the development trajectories in the semi-periphery countries of South America and Central and Eastern Europe. The book tries to approach the dilemmas of development in the semi-periphery as diversely as possible, always emphasising the variety of trajectories as a crucial factor. Therefore there are evaluations of the role of cognitive regimes produced by professional fields as elements of collective action coordination and as beacons that fix State-society relations. As opposed to the transitology studies that were prevalent in the 1990s, and that treated the neoliberal context in these two regions separately, the articles in this volume instead offer a new comparative analysis about the consequences of the neoliberal reforms and the new actors that deal with these results.
The book is concentrated on the experiences with market reforms and institutional legacies during the last twenty years. Central and Eastern Europe and South American countries have gone through a rapid restructuring of productive regimes in the process of integration with the global capitalist system. This volume discusses the variety of forms of state that have unfolded in different peripheral countries and their role in the social engineering of economic models and social policies, as well as to the impact of state capacities and ideas on the institutional innovations. These essays also compare the transformations in political culture, collective identities and contentious politics in both areas. The growing distance between the state and society, social disintegration and the concrete effects of market reforms (unemployment, informality, loss of rights) were closely related to a growing social mobilization as well as to a politicization of social and ethnic identities in South America. In Eastern Europe the institutional model of liberal democracy has been challenged on the one hand by the claims of social equality that derives from the communist legacy, and on the other hand by the question of political rights that has emerged within the context of the new wave of nationalisms and politicisation of ethnic identities.
“Of the emerging economies, those of Latin America and Eastern Europe receive less attention than China and India. This important volume will contribute to changing this situation. From a global comparative perspective, it sheds light on economic development and on political and politico-cultural changes over the last twenty years, and offers discussion of theoretical issues.” —Dr Uwe Becker, University of Amsterdam
“This volume revives the debates in comparative political economy concerning East European and Latin American transformations. Much can be learned from the diverse experiences of peripherality, development, and the different patterns of insertion into the flows of global capitalism. Bringing together a wide range of disciplinary perspectives, the collection discusses the topics of macroeconomic transformations, state capacity and policies of development, the role of the elites and the diffusion of ideas, and cultural and identity politics.” —Dr Jan Drahokoupil, University of Mannheim
‘Development and Semi-periphery’ presents a collection of articles that focus on comparative analysis of development trajectories in the semi-peripheral countries of South America and Central Eastern Europe. As opposed to the transitology studies that were prevalent in the 1990s, and that treated the neoliberal context in these two regions separately, the articles in this book instead offer a new comparative analysis focusing on the consequences of neoliberal reforms and the new actors that deal with their results. The essays discuss the various forms of state that have unfolded in different peripheral countries, their role in the social engineering of economic models and social policies, and the impact of state capacities and ideas on institutional innovation. The volume also compares transformations in political culture, collective identities and contentious politics in both areas.
Renato Boschi holds a PhD in political science from the University of Michigan, and is currently Full Professor in Political Science at the Institute of Social and Political Studies, IESP-UERJ.
Carlos Henrique Santana holds a PhD in political science from the Institute of Social and Political Studies, IESP-UERJ, was formerly Assistant Professor in Political Science at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), and is currently a researcher at the International Celso Furtado Center for Development Policies and at the NEIC-IESP.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Matter | i | ||
Half Title | i | ||
Title Page | iii | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
Table of Contents | v | ||
List of Tables and Figures | vii | ||
Main Matter | i | ||
Introduction – Renato Boschi and Carlos Henrique Santana | 1 | ||
Understanding Trajectories | 4 | ||
Chapters | 5 | ||
Acknowledgments | 15 | ||
References | 15 | ||
Part I DEVELOPMENT, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES AND VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM | 17 | ||
1. Postsocialist States in the System of Global Capitalism: A Comparative Perspective – David Lane | 19 | ||
State Socialism and the World System | 20 | ||
The Consequences of Reform: The Shift to a Global Economy | 23 | ||
The Distribution of Transnational Companies | 26 | ||
Affi liates and Global Reach | 27 | ||
Globalization of the Postsocialist Countries | 30 | ||
Intellectual Capital | 33 | ||
The Impact on Human Development | 35 | ||
Conclusions | 37 | ||
Notes and References | 41 | ||
2. Politics and Development: Lessons from Latin America – Renato Boschi and Flavio Gaitán | 45 | ||
Introduction | 45 | ||
New Development Agenda for Latin America | 47 | ||
Conclusions: Uncertainty and the Development Process | 59 | ||
References | 60 | ||
3. Managing the Faustian Bargain: Monetary Autonomy in the Pursuit of Development in Eastern Europe and Latin America – Joseph Nathan Cohen | 65 | ||
Managing Money under Financial Capitalism: Some Preliminaries | 66 | ||
Maintaining Monetary Autonomy: Five Generic Strategies | 70 | ||
Choices for Latin America and Eastern Europe | 77 | ||
References | 80 | ||
4. Development and Dependency, Developmentalism and Alternatives – José Maurício Domingues | 83 | ||
Introduction | 83 | ||
Development: In General and in Latin America | 84 | ||
Development in Brazil | 91 | ||
An Excursus on “Alternative Development” or “Alternatives to Development” | 95 | ||
Conclusion | 98 | ||
References | 100 | ||
Part II POLITICAL CULTURE, IDENTITY POLITICS AND POLITICAL CONTENTION | 103 | ||
5. Indigenous Movements in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru – Xavier Albó | 105 | ||
Basic Data | 105 | ||
Entangled Processes | 107 | ||
Coming to Power within the State | 115 | ||
Notes and References | 122 | ||
6. Path Dependence versus Adaptation in Estonian Ethnopolitics – Raivo Vetik | 123 | ||
Introduction | 123 | ||
Historical Context of the Statelessness Issue in Estonia | 125 | ||
Perception of Reasons of Persistent Statelessness | 127 | ||
The Citizenship Status and Adaptation of Estonian Russians in the Estonian Society | 132 | ||
Conclusion | 136 | ||
References | 137 | ||
7. Integration Parliaments in Europe and Latin America: Explaining Variations – Juliana Erthal | 141 | ||
Integration Parliaments in Europe and Latin America | 141 | ||
Parliaments outside the Nation-State | 142 | ||
Integration Parliaments: EP, Parlacen and Parlandino | 145 | ||
Between Europe, Central America and the Andes: Explaining the Variation | 155 | ||
Acknowledgments | 156 | ||
Notes | 157 | ||
References | 160 | ||
Official Documents and Speeches | 161 | ||
Part III IDEAS AND THE ROLE OF ELITES AND ADVOCACY NETWORKS: TRANSLATING AND LEGTIMATING THE FRONTIERS OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS | 163 | ||
8. Marketing Professional Expertise by (Re)Inventing States – Yves Dezalay and Bryant Garth | 165 | ||
Imported Expertise in Latin American “Palace Wars” | 167 | ||
The Globalization of the Market of the Import-Export of State Expertise | 174 | ||
Towards a Sociological Problematic | 175 | ||
Conclusion | 178 | ||
References | 178 | ||
9. Identity, Policy Preferences and the Perception of the European Integration Process among the Hungarian Elites – György Lengyel and Borbála Göncz | 181 | ||
Introduction | 181 | ||
Theoretical Background | 181 | ||
Structure of Attachment to Different Territorial Levels | 184 | ||
Symbolic and Pragmatic Aspects | 186 | ||
Policy Preferences | 187 | ||
How the Goals, Institutions and Benefits of the Integration Process are Perceived | 190 | ||
Connections between Identity, Policy Preferences and the Perception of the Integration Process | 191 | ||
Conclusions | 196 | ||
References | 198 | ||
Appendix | 199 | ||
10. Critical Junctures, Institutional Legacies and Epistemic Communities: A Development Agenda in Brazil – Carlos Henrique Santana | 201 | ||
Introduction | 201 | ||
Varieties of Capitalism and Institutional Changes | 202 | ||
The Brazilian Trajectory and Its Critical Junctures | 205 | ||
Institutionalization of Legacy | 206 | ||
The Protagonist Network and Degrees of Institutional Freedom | 208 | ||
BNDES and Pension Funds: New Translation of Institutional Legacies | 215 | ||
BNDES | 216 | ||
Pension Funds | 223 | ||
Conclusion | 227 | ||
Acknowledgments | 229 | ||
References | 229 | ||
Part IV ECONOMIC REFORMS, PUBLIC POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENT | 237 | ||
11. Development and Citizenship in the Semi-periphery: Reflecting on the Brazilian Experience – Krista Lillemets | 239 | ||
Introduction | 239 | ||
Theoretical Reflections on Peripheral Modernization in Latin America | 241 | ||
Brazil Facing Rapid Social Transformations | 243 | ||
Capitalist Modernization in the Neoliberal Molds in the 1990s | 249 | ||
“The Shift to the Left”: Striving for Autonomous Global Policies and Social Inclusion | 252 | ||
Conclusion | 259 | ||
Acknowledgments | 261 | ||
References | 261 | ||
12. The Periphery Paradox in Innovation Policy: Latin America and Eastern Europe Compared – Rainer Kattel and Annalisa Primi | 265 | ||
Introduction | 265 | ||
Production Structure and Incentives for Innovation | 267 | ||
The Evolution of Innovation Policy | 272 | ||
Latin America | 273 | ||
Central and Eastern Europe | 283 | ||
Policy Models in a Comparative Perspective | 291 | ||
The “Proinnovation” Momentum: A Way Outof the Periphery Paradox? | 295 | ||
Conclusions | 298 | ||
References | 300 | ||
13. The Lula Government and the Social Democratic Experience in Brazil – Fabiano Santos | 305 | ||
Introduction | 305 | ||
Social Democracy: Theoretical Issues | 307 | ||
Liberalism, Social Democracy and Political Competition in the Postwar Era | 311 | ||
A New Outline for Political Conflict in the Era of Globalization | 314 | ||
The Recent Brazilian Context: Public Policies in the Light of Social Democracy | 316 | ||
Family Grant: Conceptual Basis and Electoral Impacts | 319 | ||
Conclusion | 324 | ||
References | 326 |