BOOK
Manual of Obstetrics E-book
SUDIP Chakravarti | Muralidhar drmvpai@yahoo.com Pai | Prahalad Kushtagi
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This book is based on the classic ‘Holland and Brews Manual of Obstetrics’. The fourth edition is comprehensive with clear concepts, concrete up-to-date knowledge and student friendly "one stop obstetrics textbook". Basic principles, investigations, management options as well as the recent advances have all been explained in a simple and systematic manner. The information given is evidence based and as per international guidelines and management protocols.
Salient Features
- Every chapter has been thoroughly revised and updated with recent advances in Obstetrics
- The book has been made comprehensive with addition of new content, algorithms, figures, drug regimens and tables
- Several new chapters, Decision Making in Obstetrics, Management of Post-caesarean Pregnancy, Obstetric History Taking, Obstetric Examination, Labour Care – Ready Reckoner added
- Chapters on Specimens and Instruments in Obstetrics have been added to aid students to prepare for viva voce
- The format is modified to help not only students in obstetrics but also the practicing obstetricians
- Points to Remember added with each chapter highlighting important information
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Title Page | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Preface to the Fourth Edition | v | ||
| Preface to the First Edition | vi | ||
| Historical Landmarks and Evolution of the Art and Science of Obstetrics | vii | ||
| Definition of obstetrics | vii | ||
| Origins of childbirth practices | vii | ||
| Prehistory | vii | ||
| Antiquity | vii | ||
| Babylon and Egypt | vii | ||
| Hebrews | vii | ||
| Ancient India | vii | ||
| Ancient Greece | viii | ||
| Ancient Rome | viii | ||
| Obstetrics in the middle ages and early modern times | viii | ||
| Midwifery and surgery | viii | ||
| Teaching of midwifery and expansion of science | ix | ||
| Expansion of science in modern times | ix | ||
| Famous women of the times | ix | ||
| Contributions of Europe to the development of obstetrics | x | ||
| Paris as the cradle of obstetrics | x | ||
| Birth of the obstetric forceps | x | ||
| Schools of obstetrics | xi | ||
| Changing attitudes and management practices | xi | ||
| Embryotomy | xi | ||
| Symphysiotomy and pubiotomy | xi | ||
| Induction of labour | xii | ||
| Analgesia, anaesthesia and narcosis | xii | ||
| Foundations of modern obstetric practices | xii | ||
| The Prague school | xii | ||
| Role of microbiology | xii | ||
| Caesarean section | xii | ||
| Contributions of allied medical specialities to obstetrics | xiii | ||
| Maternal mortality | xiii | ||
| The twentieth century | xiv | ||
| Contributions of Indian obstetricians to the obstetrics and gynaecology | xiv | ||
| Landmark milestones – contribution of Indian obstetricians | xv | ||
| Further reading | xviii | ||
| Contents | xix | ||
| Section I - Basics of Reproduction | 1 | ||
| 1 - Reproductive Anatomy | 1 | ||
| Female reproductive organs | 1 | ||
| The vulva | 1 | ||
| The vagina | 1 | ||
| The uterus | 2 | ||
| Major Anatomical Parts of the Uterus | 2 | ||
| Structure of the Uterus | 3 | ||
| Attachments of the Uterus | 3 | ||
| Positions of the Uterus | 3 | ||
| Section II - Normal Pregnancy | 49 | ||
| 7 - Diagnosis of Pregnancy | 49 | ||
| Diagnosis of pregnancy | 49 | ||
| Pregnancy changes: the first trimester | 49 | ||
| Presumptive/subjective symptoms | 49 | ||
| Cessation of Menstruation | 49 | ||
| Breast Changes | 49 | ||
| Nausea (With or Without Vomiting) | 49 | ||
| Frequency of Micturition | 49 | ||
| Fatigue | 49 | ||
| Feeling of Warmth and Sweating | 49 | ||
| Section III - Medical, surgical and gynaecological disorders in pregnancy | 85 | ||
| 11 - Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy | 85 | ||
| Terminology and classification | 85 | ||
| Definitions | 85 | ||
| Section IV - Obstetric Disorders in Pregnancy | 197 | ||
| 28 - Early Pregnancy Loss | 197 | ||
| Incidence | 197 | ||
| Causes of spontaneous abortion | 197 | ||
| Fetal Factors | 197 | ||
| Maternal Factors | 197 | ||
| General | 197 | ||
| Local | 197 | ||
| Idiopathic Factors | 197 | ||
| Clinical course | 198 | ||
| Management | 198 | ||
| Threatened abortion | 199 | ||
| Inevitable and incomplete abortion | 200 | ||
| Complete abortion | 201 | ||
| Missed abortion | 201 | ||
| Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL, recurrent abortion) | 201 | ||
| Section V - Normal Labour | 257 | ||
| 39 - Onset of Labour | 257 | ||
| Normal labour | 257 | ||
| Expected date of delivery | 257 | ||
| Phases of parturition | 257 | ||
| Uterine quiescence and cervical softening | 257 | ||
| Preparation of labour (cervical ripening and myometrial changes) | 257 | ||
| Labour (active labour) | 257 | ||
| The puerperium | 258 | ||
| Onset of labour | 258 | ||
| Theories on onset of labour | 258 | ||
| Hormones | 258 | ||
| Progesterone and oestrogen | 258 | ||
| Oxytocin | 259 | ||
| Prostaglandins | 259 | ||
| Luteinizing hormone and Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | 260 | ||
| Relaxin | 260 | ||
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) | 260 | ||
| Fetal contributions to initiation of parturition | 260 | ||
| Placental contributions to initiation of parturition | 260 | ||
| Mechanical factors | 260 | ||
| Uterine distension | 260 | ||
| Pressure of the presenting part | 260 | ||
| Hormonal basis of onset of labour | 261 | ||
| 40 - Uterine Activity in Labour | 262 | ||
| Myometrial contractility | 262 | ||
| Mechanism of contraction | 262 | ||
| Contraction | 262 | ||
| Relaxation | 262 | ||
| Pelvic floor | 262 | ||
| Characteristics of uterine contractions | 263 | ||
| Painful uterine contractions (Labour pains) | 263 | ||
| Fundal dominance | 264 | ||
| Pacemakers | 264 | ||
| Intra-amniotic pressure | 264 | ||
| Retraction | 264 | ||
| Pain during uterine contraction | 264 | ||
| Segments of the uterus | 264 | ||
| Upper uterine segment | 264 | ||
| Lower uterine segment | 264 | ||
| Clinical Significance | 265 | ||
| Cervix | 265 | ||
| Effacement of the cervix | 265 | ||
| Dilatation of the cervix | 265 | ||
| Formation of the bag of membranes (forewaters) | 265 | ||
| Status of the membranes | 266 | ||
| 41 - Effects of Labour on Mother and Fetus | 267 | ||
| Physiological alterations in labour | 267 | ||
| Section VI - Abnormal labour | 291 | ||
| 46 - Abnormal Fetal Positions and Presentations | 291 | ||
| Occipitoposterior position of the vertex | 291 | ||
| Causes of occipitoposterior | 291 | ||
| Diagnosis | 291 | ||
| Palpation | 291 | ||
| Vaginal examination | 291 | ||
| Mechanism of labour | 292 | ||
| 1. Normal mechanism in occipitoposterior | 292 | ||
| 2. Face-to-pubis delivery (mechanism of delivery in direct occipitoposterior) | 293 | ||
| 3. Deep Transverse Arrest | 294 | ||
| 4. Persistent occipitoposterior (no mechanism of labour) | 294 | ||
| Moulding of the head | 294 | ||
| Course of labour | 294 | ||
| Outcome of labour | 295 | ||
| Management | 295 | ||
| Deep transverse arrest | 296 | ||
| Definition | 296 | ||
| Causes of DTA | 296 | ||
| Preferred options of delivery in modern obstetrics/current practice | 296 | ||
| Face presentation | 298 | ||
| Incidence | 298 | ||
| Aetiology | 298 | ||
| Primary Face Presentation | 298 | ||
| Secondary Face Presentation | 298 | ||
| Fetal | 298 | ||
| Positions | 298 | ||
| Diagnosis | 298 | ||
| Abdominal Examination | 298 | ||
| Vaginal Examination | 299 | ||
| Maternal Hazards | 299 | ||
| Fetal Hazards | 299 | ||
| Mechanism of labour | 299 | ||
| Mentoanterior | 299 | ||
| Engagement | 299 | ||
| Internal Rotation and Delivery | 300 | ||
| Mentoposterior | 300 | ||
| Management | 300 | ||
| Diagnosed Before the Onset of Labour | 300 | ||
| Section VII - Puerperium | 395 | ||
| 62 - Normal Puerperium | 395 | ||
| Puerperium | 395 | ||
| Clinical observations | 395 | ||
| Physiology | 395 | ||
| Birth canal | 395 | ||
| Involution of the uterus | 395 | ||
| Lochia | 396 | ||
| Involution of other pelvic organs | 396 | ||
| Cervix | 396 | ||
| Pelvic Musculature | 396 | ||
| Urinary Tract | 396 | ||
| Bowels | 396 | ||
| Peritoneum and Abdominal Wall | 396 | ||
| Breasts | 396 | ||
| Menstruation and Ovulation | 396 | ||
| Changes in nonreproductive organs | 397 | ||
| Lactation and breastfeeding | 397 | ||
| Colostrum | 397 | ||
| Composition of breast milk | 397 | ||
| Incidence of breastfeeding | 397 | ||
| Preparation for lactation and breastfeeding | 398 | ||
| Physiology of lactation | 398 | ||
| Contraindications for breastfeeding | 398 | ||
| Suppression of lactation | 399 | ||
| Disadvantages of cow’s milk | 399 | ||
| Baby-friendly hospital | 399 | ||
| Rooming-in | 399 | ||
| Management of the normal puerperium | 399 | ||
| Objectives | 399 | ||
| Hospital Stay | 400 | ||
| Diet | 400 | ||
| Sleep | 400 | ||
| Care of the Bladder | 400 | ||
| Bowels | 400 | ||
| Breasts | 400 | ||
| Uterine Involution | 400 | ||
| Care of the Perineum | 400 | ||
| Care of the Breasts | 401 | ||
| Exercises | 401 | ||
| Immunization | 401 | ||
| Well-Baby Care | 401 | ||
| Contraception | 401 | ||
| Medications | 401 | ||
| Advice on Discharge | 401 | ||
| Postnatal Visit | 401 | ||
| Postnatal Exercises | 402 | ||
| Contraception | 402 | ||
| 63 - Disorders of the Puerperium | 403 | ||
| Abnormal bleeding from the genital tract | 403 | ||
| Secondary postpartum haemorrhage | 403 | ||
| Clinical Assessment | 403 | ||
| Investigations | 403 | ||
| Management | 403 | ||
| Subinvolution | 404 | ||
| Genital tract injuries in labour and pelvic haematomas | 404 | ||
| Injuries of the birth canal | 404 | ||
| Inspection of the Vagina | 404 | ||
| Inspection of the Cervix | 405 | ||
| Lacerations of the vagina | 405 | ||
| Laceration of the cervix | 405 | ||
| Management | 405 | ||
| Perineal tear | 405 | ||
| Aetiology | 405 | ||
| Repair of Perineal Injuries | 406 | ||
| Vaginal and vulval haematoma | 406 | ||
| Types | 406 | ||
| Vulval Haematomas | 406 | ||
| Paravaginal Haematomas | 406 | ||
| Pelvic Haematomas (Broad Ligament and Retroperitoneal Haematomas) [Supravaginal Haematomas | 407 | ||
| Inversion of the uterus | 407 | ||
| Incidence | 407 | ||
| Types | 407 | ||
| Types on the basis of duration of onset | 407 | ||
| Degrees | 407 | ||
| Aetiology | 408 | ||
| Spontaneous (40%) | 408 | ||
| Iatrogenic/Induced (60%) | 408 | ||
| Clinical features | 408 | ||
| Acute Inversion | 408 | ||
| Sub-acute Inversion | 408 | ||
| Chronic Inversion | 409 | ||
| Diagnosis | 409 | ||
| Abdominal Examination | 409 | ||
| Vaginal Examination | 409 | ||
| Ultrasound and MRI | 409 | ||
| Dangers/complications of inversion | 409 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 409 | ||
| Prognosis | 409 | ||
| Prevention of inversion | 409 | ||
| Management | 409 | ||
| Manipulative Replacement of Uterus (Johnson’s Method) | 410 | ||
| Hydrostatic Replacement – O’Sullivan’s Method | 410 | ||
| Surgical Methods | 410 | ||
| Conservative Management | 410 | ||
| Sudden postpartum collapse | 411 | ||
| Causes | 411 | ||
| Immediate management and monitoring | 411 | ||
| Replacement of Blood Volume | 411 | ||
| Sedatives and Analgesics | 411 | ||
| Oxygen | 411 | ||
| Inotropic Drugs | 411 | ||
| Peripheral Vasoconstrictors | 411 | ||
| Vasodilators | 411 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 411 | ||
| Renal Function | 412 | ||
| Haematological Status | 412 | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 412 | ||
| Causes | 412 | ||
| Diagnosis | 412 | ||
| Management | 412 | ||
| Immediate Management | 412 | ||
| Airway and Breathing | 412 | ||
| Infusion and Medication | 412 | ||
| Electrocardiogram | 412 | ||
| Response to Resuscitation | 412 | ||
| Special problems associated with pregnancy | 413 | ||
| Long-term monitoring and management | 413 | ||
| Puerperal infections | 413 | ||
| Definitions | 413 | ||
| Incidence | 413 | ||
| Aetiology | 413 | ||
| Common pathogens | 413 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 414 | ||
| Morbidity and mortality | 415 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 415 | ||
| Clinical features | 415 | ||
| Localized lesions in puerperal infection | 416 | ||
| Puerperal Pelvic Abscess | 416 | ||
| Septic Pelvic Thrombophlebitis | 416 | ||
| Infection in Episiotomy Wound | 416 | ||
| Infection in Caesarean Section Wound | 416 | ||
| Necrotizing Fasciitis | 416 | ||
| Puerperal Mastitis and Breast Abscess | 416 | ||
| Mastitis | 416 | ||
| Breast Abscess | 416 | ||
| Sepsis syndrome | 416 | ||
| Sequelae of sepsis syndrome | 417 | ||
| Septic cascade | 417 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 417 | ||
| Prevention | 417 | ||
| Management | 417 | ||
| Septic chock | 417 | ||
| Management of septic shock | 417 | ||
| Evaluation | 417 | ||
| Assessment | 417 | ||
| Section VIII - Drugs in Obstetrics | 427 | ||
| 64 - Obstetric Analgesia and Anaesthesia | 427 | ||
| Causes of pain during labour | 427 | ||
| Effects of labour pain on the obstetric outcome | 427 | ||
| Benefits of pain relief during labour | 427 | ||
| Mother | 427 | ||
| Obstetrician | 427 | ||
| Maternal physiology and obstetric anaesthesia | 427 | ||
| Respiratory changes | 427 | ||
| Cardiovascular changes | 428 | ||
| Gastrointestinal changes | 428 | ||
| Stress | 428 | ||
| Fetal consequences of obstetric anaesthesia | 428 | ||
| Antepartum Analgesia/Anaesthesia | 428 | ||
| Intrapartum Analgesia/Anaesthesia | 428 | ||
| Postpartum Analgesia/Anaesthesia | 428 | ||
| Obstetric analgesia | 428 | ||
| Non-pharmacological methods | 428 | ||
| Narcotics | 429 | ||
| Dissociative analgesia | 429 | ||
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | 430 | ||
| Inhalation analgesia | 430 | ||
| Precautions with entonox | 430 | ||
| Safety | 430 | ||
| Regional analgesia | 430 | ||
| Nerve blocks | 430 | ||
| Paracervical block | 430 | ||
| Complications | 431 | ||
| Lumbar Epidural Blocks | 431 | ||
| Epidural Analgesia in Labour | 431 | ||
| Choice of Epidural Drugs | 432 | ||
| Caudal Block | 432 | ||
| Pudendal Block | 432 | ||
| Saddle Block Anaesthesia | 432 | ||
| Spinal anaesthesia | 433 | ||
| Section IX - Investigations in obstetric practice and assessment of fetal well being | 451 | ||
| 66 - Ultrasonography in Fetal Health Assessment | 451 | ||
| Real-time ultrasonography in obstetric practice | 451 | ||
| Basic ultrasonographic examination (Level-I) | 451 | ||
| Targeted ultrasonographic examination (Level-ll) | 452 | ||
| Schedule of ultrasonographic evaluation | 452 | ||
| Patient preparation for ultrasonographic scanning | 452 | ||
| Scope and limitations of ultrasound examinations | 452 | ||
| Safety of ultrasound examination | 452 | ||
| First-trimester scanning | 453 | ||
| Advantages/uses | 453 | ||
| Disadvantages | 453 | ||
| Findings in the first-trimester scan | 453 | ||
| Chronology | 453 | ||
| Fetus | 454 | ||
| Amniotic cavity | 454 | ||
| Trophoblastic layer or placenta | 454 | ||
| Evaluation of the pelvic adnexae | 455 | ||
| Evaluation of first trimester bleeding | 455 | ||
| Second- and third-trimester scanning | 455 | ||
| Pelvic anatomy | 455 | ||
| Amniotic fluid | 455 | ||
| Decreased | 455 | ||
| Excessive | 456 | ||
| Fetus | 456 | ||
| Viability and biophysical health of the fetus | 456 | ||
| Placenta | 456 | ||
| Ultrasonographic determinations to estimate fetal maturity and size | 456 | ||
| Scans at different gestational ages | 458 | ||
| Doppler velocimetry | 458 | ||
| Umbilical artery doppler velocimetry | 458 | ||
| Middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity doppler | 459 | ||
| Ductus venosus | 459 | ||
| Umbilical vein doppler velocimetry | 460 | ||
| Ultrasonic multiple variable assessment | 460 | ||
| Fetal biophysical profile (Manning score) | 460 | ||
| Technique of the Test | 460 | ||
| Hypoxia cascade | 460 | ||
| Radiography in obstetric practice | 461 | ||
| MRI in obstetrics | 461 | ||
| Daycare in obstetrics | 461 | ||
| Maternal conditions | 461 | ||
| Pregnancy-related conditions | 462 | ||
| 67 - Antenatal Detection of Abnormal Fetal Development | 463 | ||
| Why should we screen for abnormal development? | 463 | ||
| Role of chromosomal disorders in pregnancy | 463 | ||
| Identification of the patient at risk | 463 | ||
| Noninvasive screening techniques | 463 | ||
| Maternal serum a-fetoprotein | 463 | ||
| Biochemical screening tests and timing | 464 | ||
| Factors influencing biochemical screening | 464 | ||
| Dual screening | 464 | ||
| Triple screening | 464 | ||
| Quadruple screening | 464 | ||
| Combined test | 464 | ||
| Integrated test | 464 | ||
| Various PND procedures and timing | 464 | ||
| Other PND procedures not routinely performed | 464 | ||
| Nuchal translucency (NT) | 464 | ||
| Guidelines for NT measurement | 464 | ||
| Ultrasound soft markers of chromosomal anomalies | 465 | ||
| Ultrasound features of Down syndrome | 465 | ||
| Chorion villus sampling | 465 | ||
| Indications | 465 | ||
| Procedure | 465 | ||
| Transcervical CVS | 465 | ||
| Transabdominal CVS | 465 | ||
| Amniocentesis | 466 | ||
| Assessment of fetal pulmonary maturity | 466 | ||
| Assessment of severity of isoimmunized pregnancies | 466 | ||
| Potential complications | 467 | ||
| Cordocentesis | 467 | ||
| Indications | 467 | ||
| Complications | 467 | ||
| General risks in all PND procedures | 467 | ||
| 68 - Antenatal Testing for Fetal Well-being: Cardiotocography | 468 | ||
| Indications for cardiotocography | 468 | ||
| Maternal | 468 | ||
| Fetal | 469 | ||
| Pregnancy related | 469 | ||
| Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring (CTG) | 469 | ||
| Nonstress test | 469 | ||
| CTG in labour | 470 | ||
| Interpretation of CTG in labour | 473 | ||
| Contraction stress test | 473 | ||
| Section X - Obstetric interventions and surgeries | 475 | ||
| 69 - Surgical Procedures in Early Pregnancy | 475 | ||
| Operative procedures in the first trimester | 475 | ||
| History | 475 | ||
| Preoperative Preparation | 475 | ||
| Anaesthesia | 475 | ||
| Dilatation and curettage | 475 | ||
| Indications | 475 | ||
| The Procedure Instruments/Materials Required | 475 | ||
| Section XI - Safe motherhood | 511 | ||
| 77 - The Safe Motherhood Initiative | 511 | ||
| How safe is motherhood? | 511 | ||
| Poverty and illiteracy | 511 | ||
| Age of marriage | 511 | ||
| Fertility control | 511 | ||
| Inadequate perinatal care | 512 | ||
| Lack of trained health professionals | 512 | ||
| Avoidable factors | 512 | ||
| Measures recommended for implementing safe motherhood | 512 | ||
| Removal of Social Inequalities for Women | 512 | ||
| Ensuring Easy Access to Family Planning and MTP Services | 512 | ||
| Developing Community-Based Maternity Care | 512 | ||
| Referral system | 512 | ||
| International commitment to maternal and child health | 512 | ||
| Social obstetrics | 512 | ||
| Reproductive and Child Health Care | 512 | ||
| Reproductive and Child Health Interventions | 512 | ||
| Outcome of RCH – I | 513 | ||
| Aims of RCH-II | 513 | ||
| National rural health mission | 513 | ||
| National nutritional anaemia prophylaxis programme (NNAPP) | 514 | ||
| The 12 by 12 initiative | 514 | ||
| The millennium development goals (MDG) | 514 | ||
| Present status | 514 | ||
| 78 - Maternal Mortality | 516 | ||
| Definitions | 516 | ||
| Maternal mortality | 516 | ||
| Maternal mortality rate | 516 | ||
| Life-time risk | 516 | ||
| Causes of maternal mortality | 516 | ||
| Direct obstetric causes | 516 | ||
| Indirect obstetric causes | 516 | ||
| Nonmaternal deaths | 517 | ||
| Incidental contributory causes | 517 | ||
| Trends in maternal mortality | 517 | ||
| MMR in different parts of India | 517 | ||
| Strategies to lower the MMR | 519 | ||
| Verbal autopsy | 519 | ||
| 79 - Perinatal Mortality | 521 | ||
| Factors affecting perinatal mortality | 521 | ||
| Maternal age | 521 | ||
| Parity | 521 | ||
| Socioeconomic factors | 521 | ||
| Obstetric factors | 522 | ||
| Common causes of perinatal mortality | 522 | ||
| Low birth weight | 522 | ||
| Congenital fetal malformations | 523 | ||
| Asphyxia | 523 | ||
| Birth injury | 523 | ||
| Infections | 523 | ||
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 523 | ||
| Rh isoimmunization: haemolytic disease of the newborn | 523 | ||
| Epidemiology of perinatal mortality | 523 | ||
| Strategies to reduce perinatal mortality | 524 | ||
| Section XII - The newborn infant | 525 | ||
| 80 - Care and Examination of the Newborn | 525 | ||
| Care in the delivery room | 525 | ||
| Immediate care | 525 | ||
| Care of the healthy term newborn infant | 525 | ||
| Care after birth | 525 | ||
| General care | 525 | ||
| Umbilical cord | 525 | ||
| Bathing | 525 | ||
| Urine and stool | 525 | ||
| Care of the eyes | 526 | ||
| Weighing | 526 | ||
| Rooming-in | 526 | ||
| Behaviour | 526 | ||
| Foreskin | 526 | ||
| Vitamin K | 526 | ||
| Immunization | 526 | ||
| Physical examination | 526 | ||
| Measurement | 526 | ||
| General examination | 527 | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 527 | ||
| Colour | 527 | ||
| Dysmorphic Features | 527 | ||
| General Pattern of Movements or any Limitation of Movement | 527 | ||
| Skin | 527 | ||
| Hands | 528 | ||
| Arms | 528 | ||
| Head | 528 | ||
| Face | 528 | ||
| Thorax | 529 | ||
| Abdomen | 529 | ||
| Hips and Feet | 529 | ||
| 81 - Adaptation and Resuscitation of the Newborn | 531 | ||
| Adaptation in a neonate | 531 | ||
| Resuscitation | 531 | ||
| Resuscitation protocol | 532 | ||
| Basic Care | 532 | ||
| Assessment at 30 seconds | 533 | ||
| Assessment at 60 seconds | 533 | ||
| Chest compressions | 533 | ||
| 82 - Problems of the Newborn | 534 | ||
| Jaundice in the newborn | 534 | ||
| Normal bilirubin metabolism | 534 | ||
| Mechanism of jaundice | 534 | ||
| Increased Production of Bilirubin | 534 | ||
| Delayed Clearance of Bilirubin by the Liver | 534 | ||
| Common causes of jaundice in the newborn | 534 | ||
| Physiological Jaundice | 534 | ||
| Non-physiological Jaundice | 534 | ||
| Specific conditions causing neonatal jaundice | 534 | ||
| 1. Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn | 534 | ||
| Rh Incompatibility | 535 | ||
| Section XIII - Contraception and termination of pregnancy | 563 | ||
| 87 - Contraception | 563 | ||
| Natural methods | 563 | ||
| Rhythm method | 563 | ||
| Section XIV - Contemporary Obstetric Practice | 583 | ||
| 89 - Immunology and Pregnancy | 583 | ||
| Immune system | 583 | ||
| Innate immunological defence system | 583 | ||
| Adaptive immunity-acquired immunological defence system | 583 | ||
| Fetal immune system | 584 | ||
| Immunology and pregnancy | 584 | ||
| Immunology and recurrent pregnancy loss | 584 | ||
| Autoimmune factors | 584 | ||
| Antiphospholipid antibodies | 585 | ||
| Antithyroid antibodies | 585 | ||
| Antinuclear antibodies | 585 | ||
| Alloimmune Factors | 585 | ||
| Leucocyte antibodies | 585 | ||
| Natural killer cells | 585 | ||
| Embryo toxicity | 585 | ||
| Immunology and preeclampsia | 585 | ||
| Immunology and preterm labour | 586 | ||
| Immunology and infertility | 586 | ||
| ABO and Rh incompatibility | 586 | ||
| Fertility control and immunology | 586 | ||
| Cord blood and regenerative cell therapy | 587 | ||
| 90 - Trauma in Pregnancy | 588 | ||
| Causes and complications | 588 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 588 | ||
| Haemorrhage | 588 | ||
| Chest injury | 589 | ||
| Pelvic fractures | 589 | ||
| Thermal (burn) trauma | 589 | ||
| Maternal effects | 589 | ||
| Abdominal pain and tenderness | 589 | ||
| Fetal effects | 589 | ||
| Management | 589 | ||
| Resuscitation | 589 | ||
| Minor injury management | 589 | ||
| Major injury management | 590 | ||
| Anaesthesia and the fetus | 590 | ||
| Continuing care | 590 | ||
| Fetal assessment | 590 | ||
| Trauma from electrical energy | 590 | ||
| 91 - Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Pregnancy | 592 | ||
| Bacterial vaginosis | 592 | ||
| Section XV - Clinical aspects in obstetrics and gynaecology | 613 | ||
| 96 - Obstetric History Taking | 613 | ||
| At risk approach | 613 | ||
| Initial visit | 613 | ||
| Subsequent visits | 614 | ||
| Labour admission visit | 614 | ||
| 97 - Obstetric Examination | 615 | ||
| General examination | 615 | ||
| Systems examination | 615 | ||
| Heart | 615 | ||
| Lungs | 615 | ||
| Abdomen | 615 | ||
| Obstetric examination | 615 | ||
| 98 - Labour Care – A Ready Reckoner | 620 | ||
| Managing labour with fetal head in occiput posterior position | 620 | ||
| Managing the fetus with face presentation | 620 | ||
| Managing the fetus with breech presentation | 621 | ||
| Management of labour in Rhesus negative mother | 621 | ||
| Management of a case with prior caesarean delivery | 622 | ||
| Preterm labour | 622 | ||
| Management of prelabour rupture of membranes | 623 | ||
| Case of antepartum haemorrhage | 623 | ||
| A case of placenta praevia | 624 | ||
| A case of placental abruption | 624 | ||
| Managing labour in a case with heart disease complicating pregnancy | 624 | ||
| Care of patient with anaemia | 625 | ||
| Preeclampsia | 625 | ||
| Eclampsia | 626 | ||
| Managing woman in labour with diabetes | 628 | ||
| Prolonged labour | 628 | ||
| 99 - Obstetric Management – Decision Making | 630 | ||
| 1. When to deliver? | 630 | ||
| 2. How to deliver? | 630 | ||
| 3. Whether to wait for spontaneous onset of labour or induce? | 630 | ||
| 4. How to induce? | 630 | ||
| 100 - Management in Postcaesarean Pregnancy | 632 | ||
| Planning pregnancy after caesarean delivery (CD) | 632 | ||
| Antenatal management of postcaesarean pregnancy | 632 | ||
| Decision making – VBAC or repeat caesarean delivery | 633 | ||
| Contraindications | 633 | ||
| Relative contraindications | 633 | ||
| Management of VBAC | 634 | ||
| Prerequisites for VBAC | 634 | ||
| Preliminaries | 635 | ||
| Monitoring during labour of VBAC | 635 | ||
| Vaginal delivery | 635 | ||
| Predictors of vaginal birth after caesarean | 635 | ||
| Symptoms of threatened scar rupture | 635 | ||
| Signs of threatened scar rupture | 635 | ||
| Management of threatened scar rupture | 635 | ||
| Symptoms and signs of scar rupture | 635 | ||
| Management of scar rupture | 636 | ||
| Results of trial of vaginal delivery | 636 | ||
| Management of elective repeat caesarean delivery | 636 | ||
| 101 - Specimens in Obstetrics | 638 | ||
| Rupture of Uterus | 638 | ||
| Vesicular Mole | 639 | ||
| Hysterectomy specimen with Vesicular Mole in situ | 639 | ||
| Complete Miscarriage | 640 | ||
| Ruptured Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy | 640 | ||
| Anencephaly | 640 | ||
| Placenta with retro-placental clot | 641 | ||
| Placenta succenturiata | 641 | ||
| Fetus papyraceus | 641 | ||
| 102 - Obstetric Instruments | 643 | ||
| Sims bivalve speculum | 643 | ||
| Cusco self-retaining speculum | 643 | ||
| Anterior vaginal wall retractors | 643 | ||
| Uterine sound | 644 | ||
| Sponge holder | 644 | ||
| Ovum forceps | 644 | ||
| Hegar dilators | 645 | ||
| Mathew Duncan dilator | 645 | ||
| Sims curette | 645 | ||
| Manual vacuum aspiration syringe | 645 | ||
| Suction cannula (plastic/metallic) | 646 | ||
| Kocher forceps | 646 | ||
| Amniotic perforator | 646 | ||
| Episiotomy scissors | 646 | ||
| Cord cutting scissors | 647 | ||
| Cord clips | 647 | ||
| Forceps (Wrigley outlet forceps, low forceps, Piper forceps) | 647 | ||
| Vectis forceps | 647 | ||
| Vacuum delivery set (metallic cups and silastic cup, hand vacuum, vacuum machine) | 648 | ||
| Green Armitage forceps | 649 | ||
| Doyen retractor | 649 | ||
| Artery forceps\r | 649 | ||
| Needle holder\r | 649 | ||
| Toothed and nontoothed (blunt) forceps\r | 649 | ||
| Allis forceps\r | 650 | ||
| Babcock forceps\r | 650 | ||
| Veress needle\r | 650 | ||
| Trocar and cannula\r | 651 | ||
| Laparoscope\r | 651 | ||
| Ring applicator and Falope rings\r | 651 | ||
| Foley catheter\r | 651 | ||
| Red rubber catheter, plastic catheter\r | 652 | ||
| Metal catheter\r | 652 | ||
| Mouth suction\r | 652 | ||
| Bakri balloon\r | 652 | ||
| Brass V drape\r | 653 | ||
| Pinard fetoscope\r | 653 | ||
| Hand-held Doppler\r | 653 | ||
| CTG machine\r | 653 | ||
| Ultrasound machine\r | 654 | ||
| Amniocentesis needle\r | 654 | ||
| Suture material cat gut/polyglactin delayed absorbable material/monofilament/silk\r | 654 | ||
| Cervical cerclage cutting/suture cutting scissors\r | 655 | ||
| Uterine packing forceps (also used for postnatal copper T insertion)\r | 655 | ||
| Shirodkar copper T removal hook\r | 655 | ||
| Vulsellum\r | 655 | ||
| Breech hook\r | 655 | ||
| Craniotomy forceps\r | 656 | ||
| Cleidotomy scissors\r | 656 | ||
| Willet scalp traction forceps\r | 656 | ||
| Index | 657 | ||
| Back Cover | 675 |