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Brain Injury and Returning to Employment

Brain Injury and Returning to Employment

James Japp

(2004)

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Book Details

Abstract

The multi-disability nature of acquired brain injury and its complex effects make the return to employment particularly problematic. Brain Injury and Returning to Employment provides a clear overview of the cognitive and psychological difficulties associated with brain injury and discusses how people affected by it can prepare for and remain in employment.

The author offers effective occupational techniques to address impaired memory, attention and executive functions, and difficulties with organisation and planning skills, as well as the speech impairments commonly associated with acquired brain injury. He also examines the environmental, emotional, physical and psychological barriers to work reintegration and offers a range of solutions to these problems, including mentoring relationships with colleagues.

This book will be essential reading for professionals working with brain-injured individuals in the fields of psychology, occupational therapy, employment advisory services and human resources.


Although written for practitioners working with people with brain injury, this book provides excellent reading for a wider readership. For the specialist and non-specialist professional, and service user alike, this book offers a concise, lucid and accessible account of the nature of brain injury and the challenges to consider when planning a return to employment… I would have no hesitation in suggesting that those new to this area should read the first three chapters of this book: Neurological Impairment; The Broader Picture, Acquired Brain (Head) Injury; and Brain Injury Problems.' The remaining chapters, including very informative studies, provide a comprehensive and very useful checklist for practitioners involved with brain injury and rehabilitation. Overall a superb book with a bonus added at the end – the glossary of terms which give sound and comprehensible definitions.
Community Care
`This is thought to be the first ever guide on how healthcare and professionals from other sectors can support people with acquired brain injury to return to employment…In this publication, Japp offers effective occupational techniques to address impaired memory, attention and cognitive functions, the difficulties people have with planning and organising themselves, and speech and communication difficulties. He also deals with the environmental, emotional, physical and psychological barriers to work re-integration. This should be of use not only to healthcare professionals, but also to professionals in social care, careers and training settings in general.'
Care and Health Magazine
James Japp is a chartered occupational psychologist specialising in clinical neuropsychology and a medico-legal expert on the assessment of brain injured clients. For many years he has been at the forefront of developing vocational rehabilitation programmes for the early intervention and return to work for individuals with an acquired brain injury. James is consultant psychologist at The Papworth Trust and Clinical Director at Neuropsychologists UK, an organisation which promotes good practice in returning brain injured clients to employment.
`Japp has a talent for cutting straight through to the heart of a particular problem for a TBI client and for their case manager. He helps us to understand the problem and offers practical suggestions…He describes the importance of introducing appropriate strategies to overcome potential difficulties. This is where Japp admirably fills the gap between the assessment and the practice. It is in this respect that Japp's book is so exceptional. He takes a factor such as concentration - a problem which the practitioner invariably encounters in cases of TBI - and he helps to unpick some of the difficulties in understanding its effects and how to help a client…Japp goes on with many valuable suggestions about working with employers. He remains positive and encouraging to the client and the practitioner throughout…It is especially gratifying to find such an exceptional book in the British canon of brain injury vocational rehab where the market has tended to be dominated for so long by American studies.'
Rehabilitation Network (www.rehabilitation-network.org)
`Brain Injury and Returning to Employment attempts to give the professional a broad introduction to dealing with clients who have suffered a brain injury of some sort. Although aimed at a wide range of professionals, from careers guidance workers through to social workers, the focus of the book is always on how the injury incurred affects the person's ability to return to work…This book certainly provides the reader with a thorough introduction to this complex area. The information provided is detailed and holistic; never does Japp focus on just the physical implications of an injury. He sees the injury in the broadest sense how it affects the person emotionally and then how this impacts on their ability to work…It provides good practical advice: for example, when to pass to other professionals, such as occupational psychologists. There is also an excellent section on health and safety that takes the guidance worker through the items that would need thinking about when helping a person back to the working world.'
Newscheck

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
TABLES viii
FIGURES ix
PHOTOGRAPHS ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi
INTRODUCTION xiii
1 Background 1
1.1 Reasons for failure of on-site sanitation 3
Insufficient plot area 3
Ground infiltration failure 4
Groundwater pollution 4
Surface water pollution 6
1.2 Investing in sustainable sewerage 7
2 Prioritizing communities' need for sewerage 9
2.1 Need and viability assessment 9
Projected total population 10
Population density 10
Failure of on-site sanitation systems 10
Industrial pollution 11
Cost 11
Tourist impact 11
Environmental impact 12
Affordability 12
Economy of scale 12
Institutional capacity 13
Health benefits 13
2.2 Numerical analysis of need and viability criteria 13
Scoring for individual criteria 15
Weighting 15
Scoring and sensitivity analysis 17
3 Designing conventional sewer networks 19
3.1 Types of sewerage systems 20
Separate systems 20
Combined systems 20
3.2 The movement of solids in pipes 21
Flow regimes 21
Solids transport in the upper reaches 22
Solids transport lower down the system 22
3.3 Pipe size 22
Branch drains 22
House sewers and the upper reaches of public networks 22
Public sewers in the lower reaches of the network 23
3.4 Pipe gradient 23
3.5 Change point for sewer design 24
Property drainage 24
Communal sewer design 25
Determining when a pipe is 'running full' 26
3.6 Sewer layout 26
3.7 Design procedure 26
Minimizing capital costs 29
4.1 Sewerage components 29
Sanitary fixtures 29
Pipe materials 30
Grease traps 30
Interceptor tanks 33
Small interceptor tanks 33
Large interceptor tanks 33
Access points 34
4.2 Sewerage design for low-cost systems 37
By-laws and codes of practice 37
Wastewater flow 37
Pipe diameters 38
Sewer slope 38
Minimum pipe depth 42
Number of connections before a sewer pipe runs full 42
Sewer layout 46
Pumping stations and trunk mains 48
Sewage treatment 48
4.3 Construction project initiation 50
Government agencies 50
External organizations 50
Recipient communities 51
4.4 Construction management 52
Contracts and contractors 52
Construction supervision 53
Community mobilization 53
5 Maximizing uptake of sewerage facilities 54
5.1 Reducing connection costs 54
Physical measures 54
Providing subsidies 54
5.2 Increasing demand for sewerage 55
Meetings 55
Models 57
General publicity 57
Emphasizing positive impacts 57
Confronting negative issues 58
Offering user choice 58
Linkage with other projects 59
Choosing a name for a community project 59
Campaign implementation 59
5.3 Legal issues 59
Enforcement of connections 59
Clarifying responsibility for connections 60
Connections to rented accommodation 60
6 Achieving sustainable maintenance 61
6.1 Responsibility for operation and maintenance 61
Property owners 61
Institutions 61
Community groups 62
The private sector 62
6.2 Supervision of operation and maintenance 62
6.3 Minimizing maintenance: social issues 65
Refuse collection and disposal 66
Anal cleaning practices 66
Utensil washing practices 66
User abuse 66
6.4 Minimizing maintenance: system design 67
Surface water drainage 67
Topography 67
Water supply 67
Access points 67
Trunk sewers and pumping stations 68
Sewage treatment 68
Interceptor tanks 68
6.5 Construction quality 69
Supervision 69
Construction components 69
On-plot construction 69
7 Optimizing the return on investment in sewerage 71
7.1 Tariffs 71
7.2 Direct repayment of capital costs 72
7.3 Minimizing tariffs and maximizing returns 73
8 Non-conventional sewerage systems 75
8.1 Simplified sewerage 75
8.2 Condominial sewerage 76
8.3 Interceptor tank systems 78
Appendix 1 Glossary of terms 85
Appendix 2 The design of interceptor tanks 88
REFERENCES 93
FURTHER READING 94
INDEX 96