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Science and Technology Policy for Development

Science and Technology Policy for Development

Louk de la Rive Box | Rutger Engelhard

(2006)

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Book Details

Abstract

This book is about changing social relationships. The authors focus on the question of what social relations make for successful science and technology policies. In particular, the various chapters illustrate what happens at different social interfaces, such as between policy makers and researchers, and between the users and producers of knowledge. In other words, they are interested in the knowledge networks that are emerging between the many different actors involved in the development of science and technology.' Science and Technology Policy for Development' is the outcome of a workshop that brought together scholars and policy makers from the global South and the North, from private and public organizations, to review their experiences. What unites the authors is a common concern for research–policy linkages. In this context, research was taken to mean any systematic effort to increase the stock of knowledge, and 'policy' as any purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actors. Linkages are seen as the communication and patterns of interaction among the actors involved. Such patterns may consolidate into knowledge networks in which information is evaluated or prioritized. A number of authors stress the communication aspect of such patterns, especially in the form of dialogue between actors or, through them, between institutions like ministries, universities or companies. The subtitle of this book reflects this orientation: 'Dialogues at the Interface' refers to communication between these different institutions. A must read for students of development economics, professionals in the sector and policy-makers alike.


This book is about changing social relationships. The authors focus on the question of what social relations make for successful science and technology policies. In particular, the various chapters illustrate what happens at different social interfaces, such as between policy makers and researchers, and between the users and producers of knowledge. In other words, they are interested in the knowledge networks that are emerging between the many different actors involved in the development of science and technology.


'Box and Engelhard have pulled off a feat in their introduction in bringing the lessons of a very diverse set of papers written from very different standpoints into an unusually coherent intellectual framework.' —Richard Manning (writing in a personal capacity), Chair of the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD


Professor Louk de la Rive Box is at the Institute of Social Sciences, The Hague.

Rutger Engelhard is Managing Director of  Contactivity bv, Leiden, The Netherlands.


'This book is a must for practitioners in science and technology policy in developing countries, with a rich array of case studies in the continuing search for demand driven policies which can well tap into globalized knowledge production.' —Jozef Ritzen, President of the Universiteit Maastricht and former Vice President of the World Bank's Development Economics Department

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Matter\r 1
Half Title\r 1
Advance Reviews\r 2
Title\r 5
Copyright\r 6
The Editors\r 7
Contents\r 9
Acknowledgements\r 11
Acronyms\r 13
Preface\r 17
Foreword, Calestous Juma\r 19
Note\r 20
Main Body\r 21
1. Dialogues at the Interface: An Introduction, Louk Box\r 21
Networks of intellectual freedom fighters in Africa\r 23
Towards a critical mass of researchers in Latin America\r 25
An epistemic community at work in Asia\r 27
Linking research agendas in South Africa\r 29
A toolbox for policy dialogue\r 31
Bridging the research-policy divide\r 33
Emerging global knowledge networks\r 34
Going global: cooperation in knowledge-based development\r 35
Harnessing foresight: exploring the future\r 36
Public-private partnerships\r 37
'Joining up' knowledge for development\r 39
Wrapping up\r 40
Notes\r 40
References\r 41
VISIONS FROM THE SOUTH\r 43
2. Knowledge Dependence and its Discontents: The Demand for Policy Research in Africa in the Era of Globalization, Osita Ogbu\r 45
2.1 Introduction\r 45
2.2 The legacy of dependence\r 47
2.3 The convergence of national vision and intellectual ideology\r 48
2.4 Knowledge dependence, policy autonomy and demand for research\r 48
2.5 Inept African leadership\r 51
2.6 S&T policy research and Africa's economic renewal\r 53
2.7 Creating the demand for S&T policy research\r 54
Notes\r 55
References\r 56
3. Regionalism and Science and Technology Development in Africa, by John Mugabe\r 57
3.1 Introduction \r 57
3.2 The evolution of regionalism in Africa\r 58
3.3 Science and technology in regional agreements and treaties\r 61
3.4 From policy to intentions to practice: two examples\r 66
3.5 Harnessing science and technology for development 69
3.6 Sources of optimism: commitments and actions\r 71
3.7 Strengthening the S&T focus of regional economic communities \r 72
Acknowledgements\r 73
Notes\r 74
References\r 74
4. Building a Critical Mass of Researchers in the Least Developed Countries: New Challenges, by Lea Velho\r 75
4.1 Introduction\r 75
4.2 The changing nature of knowledge production and use\r 76
4.3 Cooperation between Swedish and Norwegian universities \r 80
4.4 Modes of knowledge production and research capacity\r 81
4.5 Problems with the emphasis on graduate education in LDCs\r 82
4.6 Conclusions\r 85
Notes\r 88
References\r 90
5. Epistemic Communities and Informed Policy Making for Promoting Innovations: The Case of Singapore, by Sunil Man \r 93
5.1 Introduction\r 93
5.2 Epistemic communities and informed policy making\r 94
5.3 The emergence of Singapore as a generator of high-technology innovations\r 95
5.4 Conclusions\r 105
Notes\r 105
References\r 106
6. Science for Transformation: Research Agendas and Priorities in South Africa, by Johann Mouton\r 109
6.1 Introduction\r 109
6.2 Whose research demands are addressed?\r 110
6.3 How are research agendas constructed?\r 115
6.4 What is the nature of knowledge production for social transformation?\r 118
6.5 The homogenization of demand?\r 119
6.6 Articulating the demand for research\r 121
Notes\r 123
References\r 124
NETWORKING KNOWLEDGE\r 127
7. Science and Technology Policies Through Policy Dialogue, by Wiebe E. Bijker\r 129
7.1 Science, technology and society studies\r 129
7.2 S&T in developing countries\r 131
7.3 A methodology for diagnostic studies of S&T in developing countries\r 135
7.4 Generating diagnostic studies\r 141
Acknowledgements\r 143
Notes\r 143
References\r 144
8. From Development Research to Pro-Poor Policy: Evidence and the Change Process, by Julius Court and John Young\r 147
8.1 Introduction\r 147
8.2 Research and policy in international development\r 148
8.3 Analyzing research-policy linkages: a framework\r 150
8.4 A synthesis of findings\r 154
8.5 Some unanswered questions\r 158
8.6 Towards practical guidelines for researchers\r 160
8.7 Conclusions\r 161
Notes\r 164
References\r 166
9. Priority Setting in Research for Development: A Donor's Perspective, by Theo Van de Sande\r 169
9.1 Introduction\r 169
9.2 Dutch research policy\r 171
9.3 Impressions and experiences\r 173
9.4 North-South cooperation programmes\r 179
9.5 The CGIAR\r 181
9.6 Conclusions 181
Notes\r 182
References\r 183
10. International Collaboration in Science and Technology: Promises and Pitfalls, by Caroline S. Wagner\r 185
10.1 Introduction\r 185
10.2 Why is international collaboration growing?\r 186
10.3 Why do governments fund international collaboration?\r 187
10.4 Networking: a system of communications with ICST\r 189
10.5 Making strategic decisions for participation in ICST\r 192
10.6 Restructuring policy to tap knowledge networks\r 194
Notes\r 195
References\r 195
11. Priority Setting in Technical Cooperation: Expanding the Demand for Knowledge-Based Development, by Jacques Gaillard, Royal Kastens and Ana Maria Cetto\r 197
11.1 Introduction\r 197
11.2 'Atoms for Peace': the origins of the Technical Cooperation Programme\r 198
11.3 The first 40 years: transferring technology and expertise\r 200
11.4 Meeting national priority development needs and ensuring sustainability\r 201
11.5 The role of nuclear science and technology in national development\r 202
11.6 Looking to the future\r 207
11.7 Conclusions\r 208
Notes\r 209
References\r 209
12. The Use of Foresight in Setting Agricultural Research Priorities, by Marie de Lattre-Gasquet\r 211
12.1 Introduction\r 211
12.2 The use of foresight in agricultural S&T priority setting\r 212
12.3 Technology forecasting and technology foresight\r 217
12.4 Possible futures for a commodity: cocoa research priorities\r 221
12.5 Possible futures for a country: agriculture in the Netherlands\r 225
12.6 Possible futures for food, agriculture and the environment: IFPRI's 2020 Vision\r 227
12.7 Foresight for Africa\r 230
Notes\r 231
References\r 232
13. Development of Sustainable Control of Diamondback Moth in Cabbage and Cauliflower by Public-Private Partnership, by Bert Uijtewaal\r 235
13.1 Introduction\r 235
13.2 A technical solution\r 236
13.3 A delivery solution\r 237
13.4 The challenges ahead\r 241
Notes \r 244
References\r 244
CODA\r 245
14. The Emerging Contextual Space for Priority Setting in Development Research, by Paul Dufour\r 247
14.1 Introduction\r 247
14.2 Learning from others\r 248
14.3 Four states in search of knowledge\r 250
14.4 Towards a global knowledge contract: does science advice matter?\r 253
14.5 A failure to communicate\r 256
14.6 Linking up and linking out\r 260
14.7 Renaissance of development research\r 262
Notes\r 263
References\r 265
End Matter\r 267
Workshop Participants\r 267