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Abstract
According to some social theorists, we are ‘at the end of the social’. This book argues that such pronouncements may be premature, as we need to reengage with what sociologists have previously meant by ‘the social’. ‘Rethinking the Social’ is the first book to systematically analyse the different concepts of the social developed by Durkheim, Marx and Weber. It examines how the concept of the social became unproblematic for twentieth-century writers and suggests that debates surrounding this concept remain very much alive. Building on A. N. Whitehead’s work, Halewood develops a novel ‘philosophy of the social’.
“This is a deeply insightful analysis of the notion of the social in classical sociological theory. It makes a very significant contribution to the philosophy of the social and demonstrates the continued relevance of the concept.” —Gerard Delanty, University of Sussex
“Halewood challenges and unsettles our preconceptions through a provocative, forensic examination of the conceptions of the social in the ‘founding classics’ of sociology. In the process, he skilfully opens up a surprising array of possibilities for rethinking a ‘philosophy of the social’.” —Rob Stones, University of Western Sydney
“An inventive and optimistic philology of social theory. Halewood demonstrates that social scientists do not really ‘know’ what the social is and shows why this is not actually a disadvantage when we try to understand and transform the real world.” —Karin Harrasser, Kunstuniversität Linz, Austria
Michael Halewood is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Essex. He is the author of ‘A. N. Whitehead and Social Theory: Tracing a Culture of Thought’ (Anthem Press).
“This engagingly written book addresses a key issue in contemporary social science: how should ‘the social’ be conceptualized? Halewood carefully re-interprets key works to generate new insights into the relationship between the animal, the natural and the social.” —Stephen Kemp, University of Edinburgh
“This engagingly written book addresses a key issue in contemporary social science: how should ‘the social’ be conceptualized? Halewood carefully re-interprets key works to generate new insights into the relationship between the animal, the natural and the social.” —Stephen Kemp, University of Edinburgh
“An inventive and optimistic philology of social theory. Halewood demonstrates that social scientists do not really ‘know’ what the social is and shows why this is not actually a disadvantage when we try to understand and transform the real world.” —Karin Harrasser, Kunstuniversität Linz, Austria
“This is a deeply insightful analysis of the notion of the social in classical sociological theory. It makes a very significant contribution to the philosophy of the social and demonstrates the continued relevance of the concept.” —Gerard Delanty, University of Sussex
Sociologists and social theorists use the term ‘social’ frequently. We talk of social relations, social media, social networks, social factors, and so on, as well as ‘the social’. But do we always know what we mean or what we are invoking when we deploy the term ‘social’?
The concept of the ‘social’ has often been treated as almost self-explanatory, inherited from the works of the instigators of sociology and social theory who, it is assumed, all meant the same thing by the term. ‘Rethinking the Social’ argues that this is not the case, and that there are major differences between their approaches. This the first book to systematically analyse the different concepts of the social developed by Durkheim, Marx and Weber. It examines how the concept of the social became unproblematic for twentieth-century writers and suggests that debates surrounding this concept remain very much alive. Building on A. N. Whitehead’s work, Halewood develops a novel ‘philosophy of the social’.
“Halewood challenges and unsettles our preconceptions through a provocative, forensic examination of the conceptions of the social in the ‘founding classics’ of sociology. In the process, he skilfully opens up a surprising array of possibilities for rethinking a ‘philosophy of the social’.” —Rob Stones, University of Western Sydney
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Rethinking the Social through Durkheim, Marx, Weber and Whitehead | i | ||
Title | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
CONTENTS | v | ||
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | vii | ||
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | ix | ||
Durkheim | ix | ||
Marx | ix | ||
Weber | ix | ||
Chapter One RETHINKING THE SOCIAL | 1 | ||
Three Aims | 3 | ||
A Philosophy of the Social | 4 | ||
Latour, or not Latour? | 9 | ||
A Brief Example: Giddens and The Constitution of Society | 11 | ||
Chapter Two DURKHEIM APPROACHES THE SOCIAL | 17 | ||
Introduction | 17 | ||
The Social Is Natural | 18 | ||
The Social Is Moral | 23 | ||
One Social Solidarity or Two? | 26 | ||
Sociality, Morality, Authority and Collectivity | 32 | ||
The Problem of Society | 37 | ||
Chapter Three DURKHEIM’S PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOCIAL | 43 | ||
A Question of Association | 43 | ||
Durkheim’s “Philosophy of the Social” | 45 | ||
Science, Things and Force | 46 | ||
The Categories – Social or Natural? | 50 | ||
Durkheim’s Philosophy of the Collective | 53 | ||
Collectivity and Totality | 55 | ||
Chapter Four MARX ON THE SOCIAL AND THE SOCIETAL | 61 | ||
Introduction | 61 | ||
Hegel’s Philosophy of Right (1843) | 62 | ||
The Holy Family (1844) | 72 | ||
The German Ideology (1845–46) | 73 | ||
“Preface” to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859) | 78 | ||
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859) | 81 | ||
Capital (1867) | 83 | ||
Chapter Five WEBER’S “SOZIAL” ACTION | 91 | ||
Introduction | 91 | ||
Weber’s Context: Sociology, the Social and the Science of Society | 92 | ||
The Meaning of the Social and the Sociality of Meaning | 94 | ||
A Question of Collectivity? | 100 | ||
Gemeinschaft, Gesellschaft and the Groupings of Social Action | 103 | ||
Conclusion – Animal Societies? | 108 | ||
Chapter Six THE EARLY DEATH OF THE PROBLEM OF THE SOCIAL | 111 | ||
The Structure of Social Action Volume I: Durkheim | 112 | ||
The Structure of Social Action Volume II: Weber | 116 | ||
The Social System | 118 | ||
Chapter Seven TOWARD A PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOCIAL – PART ONE:DURKHEIM, MARX, WEBER (AND SIMMEL) REVISITED | 123 | ||
Durkheim | 123 | ||
Marx | 128 | ||
Weber | 130 | ||
Simmel | 133 | ||
Conclusion | 137 | ||
Chapter Eight TOWARD A PHILOSOPHY OF THE SOCIAL – PART TWO: WHITEHEAD ON SOCIOLOGY, SOCIETIES AND THE SOCIAL | 139 | ||
Whitehead’s “Sociology” | 140 | ||
The Order of Nature and the Creation of Societies | 146 | ||
Order and Disorder in Nature and Society | 150 | ||
The Creation of Societies | 154 | ||
Conclusion | 157 | ||
NOTES | 161 | ||
Chapter One: Rethinking the Social | 161 | ||
Chapter Two: Durkheim Approaches the Social | 161 | ||
Chapter Three: Durkheim’s Philosophy of the Social | 162 | ||
Chapter Four: Marx on the Social and the Societal | 162 | ||
Chapter Five: Weber’s “Sozial” Action | 163 | ||
Chapter Six: The Early Death of the Problem of the Social | 164 | ||
Chapter Eight: Toward a Philosophy of the Social – Part Two. Whitehead on Sociology, Societies and the Social | 164 | ||
REFERENCES | 167 | ||
INDEX | 171 |