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Gamle Norge and Nineteenth-Century British Women Travellers in Norway

Gamle Norge and Nineteenth-Century British Women Travellers in Norway

Kathryn Walchester

(2014)

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Abstract

‘Gamle Norge and Nineteenth-Century British Women Travellers in Norway’ provides the first overview of the contribution of women writers to the significant body of nineteenth-century British writing about Norway. At once discursive and descriptive, and often containing practical advice specific to female travellers, the travelogue was the principal form of travel writing used by women during this period. Walchester reviews the ways in which female writers adapted this form, as well as fictional representations, to describe their experiences and to challenge their male precursors by offering new perspectives on the region and its history.

The nature of travel to and writing about Norway changed considerably during the nineteenth century, with both cultural and material consequences. Norway was a challenging destination before the introduction of reliable steam ship connections, better accommodation and improved railway lines enabled female tourists to travel in large groups. Tracing the journeys and motivations of various groups of women travellers such as sportswomen, tourists and aristocrats, this book argues that in their writing, Norway forms a counterpoint to Victorian Britain: a place of freedom and possibility.


Kathryn Walchester is a lecturer in English and Cultural History at Liverpool John Moores University.


‘“Gamle Norge” offers a wealth of under-explored primary sources, and little-known authors, alongside the work of their more celebrated contemporaries, in this well balanced, excellently paced, and useful study.’ —Clare Broome Saunders, University of Oxford


‘This book sheds new light on British travellers’ long-standing fascination with Norway and is a major contribution to our understanding of how gender can affect ideas about nation and place. Walchester combines extensive knowledge of her material with a relaxed and engaging writing style. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book and learned a great deal from it.’ —Susan Bassnett, University of Warwick


‘This book sheds new light on British travellers’ long-standing fascination with Norway and is a major contribution to our understanding of how gender can affect ideas about nation and place. Walchester combines extensive knowledge of her material with a relaxed and engaging writing style. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book and learned a great deal from it.’ —Susan Bassnett, University of Warwick


‘Gamle Norge and Nineteenth-Century British Women Travellers in Norway’ presents an account of the development of tourism in nineteenth-century Norway and considers the ways in which women travellers depicted their travels to the region. Tracing the motivations of various groups of women travellers, such as sportswomen, tourists and aristocrats, this book argues that in their writing, Norway forms a counterpoint to Victorian Britain: a place of freedom and possibility.


‘Walchester offers a thorough and fascinating account of how British women travellers experienced a country primarily associated with manly Vikings and a sublime, masculine landscape.’ —Peter Fjågesund, Telemark University College, Norway


‘“Gamle Norge” offers a wealth of under-explored primary sources, and little-known authors, alongside the work of their more celebrated contemporaries, in this well balanced, excellently paced, and useful study.’ —Clare Broome Saunders, University of Oxford


‘Walchester offers a thorough and fascinating account of how British women travellers experienced a country primarily associated with manly Vikings and a sublime, masculine landscape.’ —Peter Fjågesund, Telemark University College, Norway

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Gamle Norge and Nineteenth-Century British Women Travellers in Norway i
Title iii
Copyright iv
CONTENTS v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
Introduction GAMLE NORGE 1
Nineteenth-Century Travel in Norway 8
British Cultural Interest in Norway 12
Nineteenth-Century Women’s Writing about Norway 14
Chapter 1 PIONEERS AND ADVENTURESSES 17
A Period of Change: Modes and Practicalities of Travel 18
Lady Travellers to Norway as ‘Rare Aves’ 28
Influencing Understandings of the North and Norway 34
Conclusions 46
Chapter 2 ARISTOCRATS AND SOCIALITES 47
Lady Grosvenor’s Diary of a Tour 49
Lady Di Beauclerk, A Summer and Winter in Norway (1868) 57
Lady Annie Brassey, ‘Mr. Gladstone in Norway’ from the Contemporary Review, October 1885 66
Helen Peel, Polar Gleams (1894) 70
Conclusions 76
Chapter 3 TOURISTS 83
Tourist Infrastructure 84
The Representation of Norway in Accounts by Tourists 99
Conclusions 109
Chapter 4 SPORTSWOMEN 111
Fishing, ‘Belatedness’ and Freedom 112
Winter Sports and the ‘Simple Life’ 118
Mountaineering 126
Conclusions 139
Chapter 5 NORWAY IN FICTION 141
Anna Maria Porter, The Recluse of Norway 142
Harriet Martineau 147
Marie Corelli 152
Edna Lyall 156
Mrs Edward Kennard 161
George Egerton 163
Conclusions 168
Conclusions ‘A TRUNK OF MY GRANDMOTHER’S CLOTHES’ 171
NOTES 189
Introduction: Gamle Norge 189
Chapter 1: Pioneers and Adventuresses 192
Chapter 2: Aristocrats and Socialites 195
Chapter 3: Tourists 197
Chapter 4: Sportswomen 199
Chapter 5: Norway in Fiction 202
Conclusions: ‘A Trunk of My Grandmother’s Clothes’ 206
BIBLIOGRAPHY 209
Primary Sources 209
Secondary Sources 212
INDEX 217