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Abstract
The fact that Luc Boltanski is widely regarded as one of the most influential French sociologists of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries should be reason enough for putting together a collection of essays concerned with the major intellectual contributions that he has made to the humanities and social sciences. Boltanski has emerged as the most prominent, and also most innovative, French sociologist since the death of Pierre Bourdieu in 2002. It is ironic that, despite both the magnitude and the originality of Boltanski’s oeuvre, one finds only few systematic commentaries, let alone edited books, on his work in the vast industry of contemporary sociological enquiry. The purpose of this volume is to fill this gap in the literature by creating opportunities for debate capable of representing the wide range of discussions that Boltanski’s writings have sparked amongst researchers in the humanities and social sciences over the past decades.
‘Luc Boltanski’s intellectual contribution stands out due to its impressive originality and multidimensionality. This insightful book succeeds in locating Boltanski’s work in an international and interdisciplinary terrain. It is a mustread for anyone who is interested in the far-reaching significance of Boltanski’s oeuvre.’ —Michèle Lamont, Acting Director of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and Robert I. Goldman Professor of European Studies, Harvard University
‘This is a book that is needed to understand the ideas and research dynamics of one of the greatest contemporary sociologists. This impressive collection of essays provides not only an introduction to his work, but also insightful analyses of its reception, critical discussions on its wider significance, and reflexive comments by Luc Boltanski himself, all of which will make this volume a classic.’ —Ève Chiapello, Research Director, School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS), Paris
‘In his rich theoretical and empirical work, Boltanski has given new meaning to the notion of “critique” – away from the pretensions of academic radicals, toward actual human beings and their moral judgements. This impressively wide-ranging collection gives an excellent overview of the controversies about one of the most prominent French sociologists.’ —Hans Joas, Humboldt University of Berlin and University of Chicago
What is the relevance of Luc Boltanski’s ‘pragmatic sociology of critique’ to central issues in contemporary social and political analysis? In seeking to respond to this question, this book contains critical commentaries from prominent social theorists attempting to map out the influence and broad scope of Boltanski’s oeuvre.
‘Among the explorers of social life and its dynamics, Luc Boltanski is one of the greatest path-finders and path-blazers alive. The ideas he forms in successive reports of his findings are invariably as novel as the realities he investigates and indefatigably attempts, with great success, to catch in flight.’ —Zygmunt Bauman, Emeritus Professor, University of Leeds
‘This superb volume offers a complete critical appraisal of Luc Boltanski’s major works. The range and depth of analysis in impressive. The individual chapters, authored by established scholars, are most insightful and the introductory and concluding chapters by the editors are exceptional.’ —Gerard Delanty, University of Sussex
‘Simon Susen and Bryan S. Turner’s superb edited collection offers an exhaustive appraisal of Luc Boltanski’s contributions to sociology and social theory. Including several interviews and materials that were previously unavailable in English, no aspect of Boltanski’s work has been left untouched.’ —Daniel Chernilo, Loughborough University
Simon Susen is a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at City University London.
Bryan S. Turner is the Presidential Professor of Sociology at the City University of New York. Concurrently, he is the Director of the Institute for Religion, Politics and Society at the Australian Catholic University, Melbourne.
‘This monumental book is destined to increase awareness and appreciation of Luc Boltanski’s impressive scholarship and the urgent relevance of his ideas to making sense of the inextricable moral and political dilemmas of local and global society.’ —Michele Dillon, University of New Hampshire
‘This superb volume offers a complete critical appraisal of Luc Boltanski’s major works. The range and depth of analysis in impressive. The individual chapters, authored by established scholars, are most insightful and the introductory and concluding chapters by the editors are exceptional.’ —Gerard Delanty, University of Sussex
‘In his rich theoretical and empirical work, Boltanski has given new meaning to the notion of “critique” – away from the pretensions of academic radicals, toward actual human beings and their moral judgements. This impressively wide-ranging collection gives an excellent overview of the controversies about one of the most prominent French sociologists.’ —Hans Joas, Humboldt University of Berlin and University of Chicago
‘[T]he editors of The Spirit of Luc Boltanski […] rightly call him the most prominent and innovative French sociologist since Bourdieu. The time is ripe for an assessment of his oeuvre so far’ —‘Canadian Journal of Sociology’
‘This monumental book is destined to increase awareness and appreciation of Luc Boltanski’s impressive scholarship and the urgent relevance of his ideas to making sense of the inextricable moral and political dilemmas of local and global society.’ —Michele Dillon, University of New Hampshire
‘This is a book that is needed to understand the ideas and research dynamics of one of the greatest contemporary sociologists. This impressive collection of essays provides not only an introduction to his work, but also insightful analyses of its reception, critical discussions on its wider significance, and reflexive comments by Luc Boltanski himself, all of which will make this volume a classic.’ —Ève Chiapello, Research Director, School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS), Paris
‘Luc Boltanski has been among the most wide-ranging, creative, and influential of recent social scientists. His work has shaped and indeed helped to revive the tradition of pragmatist enquiry in sociology. This collection is the first comprehensive assessment of his work; it is exceptionally good, and it should be of interest to all social theorists and cultural sociologists.’ —Craig Calhoun, Director of the London School of Economics and Political Science
‘This rich volume will help introduce Luc Boltanski’s sociology to unfamiliar readers, while at the same time advancing discussion of its potential and limitations.’ —Neil Gross, University of British Columbia
‘Simon Susen and Bryan S. Turner’s superb edited collection offers an exhaustive appraisal of Luc Boltanski’s contributions to sociology and social theory. Including several interviews and materials that were previously unavailable in English, no aspect of Boltanski’s work has been left untouched.’ —Daniel Chernilo, Loughborough University
‘Among the explorers of social life and its dynamics, Luc Boltanski is one of the greatest path-finders and path-blazers alive. The ideas he forms in successive reports of his findings are invariably as novel as the realities he investigates and indefatigably attempts, with great success, to catch in flight.’ —Zygmunt Bauman, Emeritus Professor, University of Leeds
‘This rich volume will help introduce Luc Boltanski’s sociology to unfamiliar readers, while at the same time advancing discussion of its potential and limitations.’ —Neil Gross, University of British Columbia
‘Luc Boltanski’s intellectual contribution stands out due to its impressive originality and multidimensionality. This insightful book succeeds in locating Boltanski’s work in an international and interdisciplinary terrain. It is a mustread for anyone who is interested in the far-reaching significance of Boltanski’s oeuvre.’ —Michèle Lamont, Acting Director of the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs and Robert I. Goldman Professor of European Studies, Harvard University
‘Luc Boltanski has been among the most wide-ranging, creative, and influential of recent social scientists. His work has shaped and indeed helped to revive the tradition of pragmatist enquiry in sociology. This collection is the first comprehensive assessment of his work; it is exceptionally good, and it should be of interest to all social theorists and cultural sociologists.’ —Craig Calhoun, Director of the London School of Economics and Political Science
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
The Spirit of Luc Boltanski | i | ||
Title | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
CONTENTS | v | ||
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS | ix | ||
Preface | xxiii | ||
Notes | xxviii | ||
References | xxix | ||
Luc Boltanski: His Life and Work – An Overview | 3 | ||
Biographical Facts | 3 | ||
Major Works and Contributions | 5 | ||
Conclusion | 23 | ||
Notes | 23 | ||
References | 24 | ||
Three Theories of Justice: Preliminary Reflections | 29 | ||
Introduction: On Simplification | 29 | ||
Three Theories of ‘the Political’ | 31 | ||
The Böckenförde Dilemma | 32 | ||
Habermas, Public Sphere, and Religion | 34 | ||
Boltanski on Justice and Justification | 37 | ||
Islam as the Fly in the Ointment | 41 | ||
What Is the Solution? | 42 | ||
Acknowledgements | 45 | ||
References | 45 | ||
The Spirit of Luc Boltanski: Chapter Outline | 49 | ||
Luc Boltanski and (Post-) Classical Sociology | 49 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Pragmatism | 50 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Critique | 51 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Critical Sociology | 53 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Political Sociology | 54 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Contemporary Issues | 58 | ||
Luc Boltanski in Conversation | 60 | ||
Luc Boltanski and His Critics | 61 | ||
Notes | 61 | ||
References | 62 | ||
CHAPTER 1 Figures of Descent from Classical Sociological Theory: Luc Boltanski | 67 | ||
I. The First Phase: Boltanski under the Aegis of Bourdieu | 68 | ||
II. The Middle Period: Boltanski’s Neo-Weberian Typology of Social Worlds | 69 | ||
III. The Late Phase | 71 | ||
Interweaving the Problematics of Classical Sociological Theory | 81 | ||
Conclusion: On Critique and Oppositional Social Movements | 83 | ||
Acknowledgements | 85 | ||
Notes | 85 | ||
References | 86 | ||
CHAPTER 2 Did You Say ‘Pragmatic’? Luc Boltanski’s Sociology from a Pragmatist Perspective | 91 | ||
1. What Is ‘Pragmatic’ about Boltanski’s Sociology? | 92 | ||
2. A Depreciation of the Domain of Practice | 95 | ||
3. A Hobbesian Anthropology as a Background for ‘Pragmatic Sociology’? | 106 | ||
4. From ‘Sociology of Critique’ Back to ‘Critical Sociology’ | 119 | ||
Short Conclusion | 124 | ||
Acknowledgements | 124 | ||
Notes | 124 | ||
References | 126 | ||
CHAPTER 3 Why (Not) Pragmatism? | 129 | ||
1. Enquiring Transformation: The Conceptual Dealing with Uncertainty | 132 | ||
2. The Constitutive Character of Critique in Society | 136 | ||
3. Incongruent Modes of Ordering: Description versus Normativity | 142 | ||
Conclusion | 146 | ||
Notes | 147 | ||
References | 148 | ||
CHAPTER 4 The Moral Idealism of Ordinary People as a Sociological Challenge: Reflections on the French Reception of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot’s On Justification | 153 | ||
1. A New Approach to the Relation of Sociology with Common Sense | 154 | ||
2. An Artificial Theoretical Framework? | 156 | ||
3. A Relativist Theory of Justice? | 156 | ||
4. A New Version of Historical Materialism? | 158 | ||
5. A Denaturalizing Analysis of Socialization | 159 | ||
6. An Irenic View of Social Relations? | 160 | ||
7. A New Approach to Personal Identity | 161 | ||
Concluding Remarks: The Impact of On Justification upon French Sociology, and Vice Versa | 162 | ||
Acknowledgements | 164 | ||
Notes | 165 | ||
References | 168 | ||
CHAPTER 5 Is There Such a Thing as a ‘Pragmatic Sociology of Critique’? Reflections on Luc Boltanski’s On Critique | 173 | ||
I. The Task of Critical Theory: The Problematization of Social Life | 176 | ||
II. The Function of Institutions: The Construction of Social Life | 182 | ||
III. The Role of Critique: The Legitimization of Social Life | 185 | ||
IV. The Power of Domination: The Reproduction of Social Life | 187 | ||
V. The Potential of Emancipation: The Transformation of Social Life | 189 | ||
Critical Reflections: Weaknesses and Limitations | 191 | ||
Acknowledgements | 197 | ||
Notes | 198 | ||
References | 205 | ||
CHAPTER 6 Strengths and Limitations of Luc Boltanski’s On Critique | 211 | ||
Introduction | 211 | ||
‘Neo-Managerialism’ and the Proliferation of Tests, Audits, and Benchmarks | 212 | ||
A Synthesis of Two Forms of Critique: ‘Structural’ and ‘Pragmatic’ | 215 | ||
Three Kinds of Test: Truth, Reality, and Existential | 221 | ||
Addressing On Critique’s Limitations: In Situ Critique and the Strategic Terrain | 224 | ||
Acknowledgements | 231 | ||
Notes | 231 | ||
References | 232 | ||
CHAPTER 7 A Renewal of Social Theory That Remains Necessary: The Sociology of Critical Capacity Twenty Years After | 235 | ||
References | 243 | ||
CHAPTER 8 Enlarging Conceptions of Testing Moments and Critical Theory: Economies of Worth, On Critique, and Sociology of Engagements | 245 | ||
1. Before and after the ‘Critical Reality Test’ | 246 | ||
2. Reporting on Testing Engagements: Sociological and Literary Arts | 253 | ||
Acknowledgement | 259 | ||
Notes | 259 | ||
References | 260 | ||
CHAPTER 9 Pierre Bourdieu and the Early Luc Boltanski (1960–1975): Collective Ethos and Individual Difference | 265 | ||
Introduction | 265 | ||
1960–1965 | 269 | ||
1965–70 | 277 | ||
1970–1972/73 | 281 | ||
Beyond 1972/73 | 284 | ||
Conclusion | 285 | ||
Acknowledgement | 286 | ||
Notes | 286 | ||
References | 288 | ||
CHAPTER 10 Beyond Pragmatic Sociology: A Theoretical Compromise between ‘Critical Sociology’ and the ‘Pragmatic Sociology of Critique’ | 293 | ||
Introduction | 293 | ||
I. Inflections | 296 | ||
II. Hybridization | 302 | ||
III. The Compromise between ‘Critical Sociology’ and the ‘Sociology of Critique’ | 306 | ||
Concluding Remarks | 309 | ||
Acknowledgements | 311 | ||
Notes | 311 | ||
References | 311 | ||
CHAPTER 11 Towards a Dialogue between Pierre Bourdieu’s ‘Critical Sociology’ and Luc Boltanski’s ‘Pragmatic Sociology of Critique’ | 313 | ||
Introduction | 313 | ||
I. Points of Convergence between Bourdieu and Boltanski | 314 | ||
II. Points of Divergence between Bourdieu and Boltanski | 319 | ||
Conclusion | 334 | ||
Acknowledgements | 335 | ||
Notes | 336 | ||
References | 341 | ||
CHAPTER 12 The Promise of Pragmatic Sociology, Human Rights, and the State | 351 | ||
Introduction | 351 | ||
1. Everyday Justice | 352 | ||
2. States, Justice, and Critique | 357 | ||
3. States as ‘Composite Set-Ups’ | 361 | ||
Conclusion | 364 | ||
Note | 366 | ||
References | 366 | ||
CHAPTER 13 ‘The Political’ in the ‘Pragmatic Sociology of Critique’: Reading Boltanski with Lefort and Castoriadis | 369 | ||
‘The Political’ | 370 | ||
Politics and ‘the Political’ in the Work of Luc Boltanski | 373 | ||
Radical Democracy | 375 | ||
Uncertainty | 376 | ||
The Relation between ‘World’ and ‘Reality’ | 377 | ||
The Political Form of Society | 379 | ||
The Decline of Politics? | 381 | ||
Concluding Remarks | 386 | ||
Acknowledgements | 386 | ||
Notes | 386 | ||
References | 388 | ||
CHAPTER 14 Axel Honneth and Luc Boltanski at the Epicentre of Politics | 391 | ||
From ‘Political Sociology’ to ‘Moral and Political Sociology’ | 394 | ||
Immanent Normativity of Political and Moral Judgement | 397 | ||
Conditions of Felicity of Public Denunciation | 399 | ||
The Legitimacy, Facticity, and Admissibility of Critique | 403 | ||
Moral Suffering and Political Suffering | 407 | ||
Acknowledgements | 409 | ||
Notes | 409 | ||
References | 409 | ||
CHAPTER 15 The Civil Sphere and On Justification: Two Models of Public Culture | 413 | ||
Introduction | 413 | ||
The Civil Sphere and On Justification: What Makes Them Comparable | 414 | ||
Justice and Justification: One Concern, Two Theories | 415 | ||
Types of ‘Public Culture’: The State and Pluralism | 418 | ||
Conclusion | 420 | ||
Notes | 420 | ||
References | 422 | ||
CHAPTER 16 Luc Boltanski in Euroland | 425 | ||
Introduction | 425 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Critical Theory | 425 | ||
Luc Boltanski and the EU | 428 | ||
Conclusion | 438 | ||
Acknowledgements | 439 | ||
Notes | 439 | ||
References | 440 | ||
CHAPTER 17 Reflections on the Indignation of the Disprivileged and the Underprivileged | 445 | ||
Introduction: ‘Practice’ in Marxism and Sociology | 445 | ||
The New Spirit of Capitalism | 451 | ||
The Economic Crisis of 2008: The Seeds of Indignation | 457 | ||
Occupy Wall Street | 460 | ||
Tea Party Anger | 462 | ||
Conclusion: Indignities | 464 | ||
Note | 466 | ||
References | 466 | ||
CHAPTER 18 Arranging the Irreversible: The Female Condition and Contradiction | 471 | ||
Notes | 482 | ||
References | 483 | ||
CHAPTER 19 Luc Boltanski and the Gift: Beyond Love, beyond Suspicion…? | 485 | ||
Between Philia and Agapè: The Gift in Love and Justice as Competences | 485 | ||
On Justification and the Gift | 490 | ||
Conclusion: Beyond Love, beyond Suspicion…? | 493 | ||
Acknowledgements | 496 | ||
Notes | 496 | ||
References | 497 | ||
CHAPTER 20 The World of Worth in the Transhuman Condition: Prolegomena to a Proactionary Sociology | 501 | ||
In Search of a Common Ontology of Value | 501 | ||
The Transhumanist World of Worth | 507 | ||
Acknowledgements | 514 | ||
References | 514 | ||
CHAPTER 21 Luc Boltanski and the Problem of Time: Notes towards a Pragmatic Sociology of the Future | 517 | ||
Introduction | 517 | ||
The Renewal of the Social Sciences | 518 | ||
The Rise of a Pragmatic World | 521 | ||
The Time of Situations | 523 | ||
No Future | 526 | ||
The Eternal Present | 529 | ||
Pragmatic Futures | 533 | ||
Conclusion | 535 | ||
Notes | 535 | ||
References | 536 | ||
CHAPTER 22 An Introduction to ‘“Whatever Works”: Political Philosophy and Sociology – Luc Boltanski in Conversation with Craig Browne’ | 541 | ||
Acknowledgements | 546 | ||
Notes | 546 | ||
References | 546 | ||
CHAPTER 23 ‘Whatever Works’: Political Philosophy and Sociology – Luc Boltanski in Conversation with Craig Browne | 549 | ||
Acknowledgements | 559 | ||
Notes | 559 | ||
References | 559 | ||
CHAPTER 24 Sociology of Critique or Critical Theory? Luc Boltanski and Axel Honneth in Conversation with Robin Celikates | 561 | ||
I | 561 | ||
II | 565 | ||
III | 570 | ||
IV | 573 | ||
V | 580 | ||
Acknowledgements | 587 | ||
Notes | 588 | ||
References | 588 | ||
CHAPTER 25 The Fragility of Reality: Luc Boltanski in Conversation with Juliette Rennes and Simon Susen | 591 | ||
Acknowledgement | 609 | ||
Notes | 609 | ||
References | 609 | ||
Luc Boltanski and His Critics: An Afterword | 613 | ||
Luc Boltanski and (Post-) Classical Sociology | 613 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Pragmatism | 621 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Critical Sociology | 676 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Political Sociology | 692 | ||
Luc Boltanski and Contemporary Issues | 727 | ||
Notes | 749 | ||
References | 784 | ||
INDEX OF NAMES | 803 | ||
INDEX OF SUBJECTS | 813 | ||
ADVANCE PRAISE | 853 |