BOOK
Women, Gender and Everyday Social Transformation in India
Kenneth Bo Nielsen | Anne Waldrop
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The pace of socioeconomic transformation in India over the past two and a half decades has been formidable. This volume sheds light on how these transformations have played out at the level of everyday life to influence the lives of Indian women, and gender relations more broadly. Through ethnographically grounded case studies, the authors portray the contradictory and contested co-existence of discrepant gendered norms, values and visions in a society caught up in wider processes of sociopolitical change. ‘Women, Gender and Everyday Social Transformation in India’ moves the debate on gender and social transformation into the domain of everyday life to arrive at locally embedded and detailed, ethnographically informed analyses of gender relations in real-life contexts that foreground both subtle and not-so-subtle negotiations and contestations.
‘[O]ne of the key strengths of this book is the meticulous application of an intersectional approach by all the contributors. […] The expansive range of topics provides us, as readers, with excellent glimpses into the complex transitions at play in modern India, and the generation of novel concepts […] gives us much to reflect upon.’ —Shalini Grover, ‘Gender & Development’
‘This book is a remarkable exercise aimed at comprehending and capturing change in a very complex society. It is an extremely useful volume for students and researchers of development and women’s studies.’ —Padmini Swaminathan, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad, India
‘This book is a remarkable exercise aimed at comprehending and capturing change in a very complex society. It is an extremely useful volume for students and researchers of development and women’s studies.’ —Padmini Swaminathan, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad, India
The pace of socioeconomic transformation in India over the past two and a half decades has been formidable. This volume sheds light on key processes of gendered change by exploring how macro-structural processes of social transformation interface with everyday life-worlds to generate new contestations and contradictions that impinge directly on the everyday lives of ordinary Indian women, and on the relations between genders.
Through ethnographically grounded case studies, the contradictory and contested co-existence of discrepant gendered norms, values and visions in a society caught up in wider processes of sociopolitical change are portrayed. ‘Women, Gender and Everyday Social Transformation in India’ moves the debate on gender and transformation into the domain of everyday life to arrive at locally embedded and detailed, ethnographically informed analyses of gender relations in real-life contexts that foreground both subtle and not-so-subtle negotiations and contestations.
The chapters take the reader inside the university classroom as well as the NGO, the urban slum and the rural health clinic; they visit the Pentecostal church, the call centre and the beaches of Goa; they venture into the men’s rights group, the court room and the anti-land acquisition rally; they engage with Maoist writings and the ideology of neoliberal governance and they analyse the use of grinders, mixers, make-up, smart phones and solar photovoltaic mini-grids – to name but a few.
Kenneth Bo Nielsen is an anthropologist and research fellow at the Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo, Norway.
Anne Waldrop is an anthropologist and associate professor of development studies at Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Women, Gender and Everyday Social Transformation in India | i | ||
Title | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
CONTENTS | v | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | vii | ||
WOMEN AND GENDER IN A CHANGING INDIA | 1 | ||
‘The Women’s Question’ at Three Historical Junctures | 2 | ||
Social Transformation in Postreform India | 4 | ||
Everyday Social Transformation: Approaches and Methods | 6 | ||
The Chapters | 9 | ||
Work, Technology, Aspirations | 9 | ||
Democracy and the Developmental State | 11 | ||
Assertions and Activism | 13 | ||
Notes | 15 | ||
References | 16 | ||
Part I WORK, TECHNOLOGY, ASPIRATIONS | 19 | ||
Chapter One TODAY’S ‘GOOD GIRL’: THE WOMEN BEHIND INDIA’S BPO INDUSTRY | 21 | ||
Women in the BPO Industry: Class, Reputation and Surveillance | 22 | ||
Shilpa: Money, Marriage and the Male Inferiority Complex | 24 | ||
Poonam: From Day Factory Worker to a Night IT Career | 26 | ||
Transformation at the Personal Level | 28 | ||
Transformation at the Societal Level | 28 | ||
Conclusion | 30 | ||
Notes | 31 | ||
References | 32 | ||
Chapter Two GENDER, INTERSECTIONALITY AND SMARTPHONES IN RURAL WEST BENGAL | 33 | ||
Agricultural Growth and Crises | 35 | ||
Gendered Spheres | 36 | ||
Diffusion of Mobile Telephony in Janta | 36 | ||
Gendered Phone-Use Patterns | 37 | ||
Phone-Use Affordances and Barriers | 39 | ||
Phones Mediate Conversation Contexts | 41 | ||
Conclusions | 43 | ||
Notes | 44 | ||
References | 44 | ||
Chapter Three THE INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY IN THE SUNDARBAN ISLANDS: CONSERVING OR TRANSFORMING GENDER RELATIONS? | 47 | ||
Methods | 49 | ||
Sagar and Moushuni Islands: The Socioeconomic Context | 49 | ||
Men Becoming Involved in Electricity | 51 | ||
Household Organization, Gender Roles and the Gendered Distribution of Wealth | 51 | ||
Electricity Entering Sundarban Homes | 53 | ||
Evening Practices: Housewives Stay at Home, Husbands Attend Village Markets | 53 | ||
Electric Light: Enhancing Education and Making Cooks Become More Efficient | 54 | ||
Control of Electricity’s Uses and Decision Making at Home | 55 | ||
Conclusion: Gender Relations Transformed? | 58 | ||
Notes | 59 | ||
References | 60 | ||
Chapter Four CHANGING CONSUMPTION AND THE NEGOTIATION OF GENDER ROLES IN KERALA | 63 | ||
The ‘Kerala Model’ of Social Development | 64 | ||
Kerala’s Unique Gender Legacy | 65 | ||
Gender Pressure and Gendered Consumption | 67 | ||
Communicating womanly ideals | 67 | ||
Dowry negotiations | 70 | ||
Family apprenticeship | 70 | ||
Housework | 70 | ||
Conclusion | 71 | ||
Notes | 72 | ||
References | 72 | ||
Chapter Five GENDER, WORK AND SOCIAL CHANGE: RETURN MIGRATION TO KERALA | 75 | ||
Agency | 76 | ||
Migration from Kerala to the Gulf Countries | 76 | ||
The Return Migrants | 77 | ||
The Place of Return | 78 | ||
Experiences of Returning Home | 79 | ||
Returned Men and Women’s Agency | 81 | ||
Returned Women and Their Agency | 83 | ||
Conclusion | 86 | ||
Notes | 86 | ||
References | 86 | ||
Chapter Six SHOWTIME AND EXPOSURESIN NEW INDIA: THE REVELATIONS OF LUCKY FARMHOUSE | 89 | ||
Lucky Farmhouse: The Model | 90 | ||
The Changing Profile of Western Women in India | 92 | ||
The Revelations of a Swedish Blonde | 94 | ||
Real New India | 97 | ||
Notes | 98 | ||
References | 99 | ||
Part II DEMOCRACY AND THE DEVELOPMENTAL STATE | 103 | ||
Chapter Seven GENDER AND DEMOCRATIZATION: THE POLITICS OF TWO FEMALEGRASSROOTS ACTIVISTS IN NEW DELHI | 105 | ||
Democratization, Mediation and Women in Indian Politics | 106 | ||
Janata Camp and Vijay Vihar as Seen by the State | 108 | ||
Indira: Two Types of Activism in an Unauthorized Colony | 109 | ||
Maya: Politics and Social Work in a Slum | 113 | ||
Conclusion: The Power of Women | 116 | ||
Notes | 118 | ||
References | 119 | ||
Chapter Eight THE REPRODUCTIVE BODYAND THE STATE: ENGAGING WITH THE NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION IN TRIBAL ODISHA | 123 | ||
The Conduct of the Family and the Conduct of the State | 124 | ||
From Coercive Measures to Women’s Rights and Child Survival | 125 | ||
The Ethnographic Context of the Gadaba Tribe in Odisha | 127 | ||
The Entry of the NRHM: Protecting Mother and Child | 130 | ||
‘There Was No Medical and Not Many Medicines in Our Time!’ | 130 | ||
Women as Citizens | 131 | ||
Cash Incentives as State Alms | 133 | ||
Conclusion | 134 | ||
Notes | 135 | ||
References | 136 | ||
Chapter Nine A VEILED CHANGE AGENT: THE ‘ACCREDITED SOCIAL HEALTH ACTIVIST’ IN RURAL RAJASTHAN | 139 | ||
Theoretical Approach: Agency and Change | 140 | ||
Policy Visions | 141 | ||
Being a Bahū in Her Sasurāl: The ASHA’s Social Context | 142 | ||
Gendered Aspects of Work, Economy and Agency | 146 | ||
The ASHA’s Work | 147 | ||
The Monthly Review Meetings | 149 | ||
Extended Agency of Movement | 150 | ||
Social Networks: Friendship and Support | 150 | ||
Handling Bureaucracy and Authority Figures | 151 | ||
Potential for Being a Social ‘Activist’ | 152 | ||
The ASHA: Planting Seeds of Change? | 154 | ||
Notes | 155 | ||
References | 155 | ||
Chapter Ten DISCIPLINING GENDER AND GENDERING DISCIPLINE: WOMEN’S STUDIES IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA | 157 | ||
Movement and Discipline | 159 | ||
The Internal Critique and the Politics of Interdisciplinarity | 162 | ||
Pedagogical Practices inside the Classroom | 166 | ||
Conclusion | 170 | ||
Notes | 171 | ||
References | 172 | ||
Part III ASSERTIONS AND ACTIVISM | 173 | ||
Chapter Eleven NEW SUBALTERNS? FEMINIST ACTIVISM IN AN ERA OF NEOLIBERAL DEVELOPMENT | 175 | ||
The Co-option of Indian Feminism | 176 | ||
West Bengal’s Feminist Field | 178 | ||
Finding Feminism | 179 | ||
Khela, Shakti, Sachetana | 180 | ||
Transforming the Self | 183 | ||
Professionalizing Activism | 184 | ||
Conclusion: Beyond Co-option | 185 | ||
Note | 187 | ||
References | 187 | ||
Chapter Twelve FAMILY, FEMININITY, FEMINISM: ‘STRUCTURES OF FEELING’ IN THE ARTICULATION OF MEN’S RIGHTS | 189 | ||
Structures of Feeling in Collective Action | 190 | ||
Saving Family, Saving Nation | 191 | ||
Paradise Lost | 193 | ||
Forging Solidarity | 194 | ||
Descriptions of Femininity and the Threat of Feminist Change | 195 | ||
Implicating Hegemonic Masculinity | 198 | ||
Conclusion | 199 | ||
Notes | 200 | ||
References | 200 | ||
Chapter Thirteen WOMEN’S ACTIVISM IN THE SINGUR MOVEMENT, WEST BENGAL | 203 | ||
The Women’s Question and the Question of Women in Politics | 204 | ||
The Singur Movement and the Mahishya Women of Shantipara | 206 | ||
Forging an Activist Identity | 208 | ||
Being an Activist: Transgressing Domesticity | 211 | ||
Circumscribing Women’s Activism | 213 | ||
Conclusion: Gender and Transformation in the Singur Movement | 215 | ||
Notes | 216 | ||
References | 217 | ||
Chapter Fourteen THE WOMEN’S QUESTION AND INDIAN MAOISM | 219 | ||
Women and the Indian Left: A Brief History | 221 | ||
The Women’s Question in Maoist Literature | 223 | ||
Anuradha Ghandy and Revolutionary Feminism | 229 | ||
Conclusion | 231 | ||
Notes | 232 | ||
References | 232 | ||
Chapter Fifteen CASTE AND CLASS IN GENDERED RELIGION: DALIT WOMEN IN CHENNAI’S SLUMS | 235 | ||
Urban Dalit Women’s Contextual History: Poverty and Patriarchy | 238 | ||
The Gender Paradox: The Contradictory Norms of Urban Gender Relations | 239 | ||
The Sharp Decline in the Status of Lower-Caste Tamil Women | 240 | ||
Dalit Men, Disempowerment and Alcoholism: A Normative Emasculation | 240 | ||
State Support for Greater Liquor Consumption | 241 | ||
Intolerable Stress Levels and Female Suicides | 242 | ||
Building a New Moral Community through Prayer Groups: Creating Interrelationship | 243 | ||
Conclusion | 246 | ||
Notes | 247 | ||
References | 248 | ||
ABOUT THE EDITORS AND CONTRIBUTORS | 251 | ||
Editors | 251 | ||
Contributors | 251 |