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Book Details
Abstract
Now widely recognized as one of the most effective methods for training future surgeons, simulation has become an integral part of the multidimensional landscape that makes up a surgical education curriculum. This book provides an overview of the current status of simulation-based training in various surgical disciplines and explains the science of surgical education, from developing a simulation programme to properly assess surgeons-in-training, to transferring the skills acquired through simulation into real-life settings. As such, the book can be used as a guide for understanding the basics of surgical education.
‘This is truly a most comprehensive and accessible publication on simulation in urology. While the title of the book is ‘Surgical Simulation’ and consequently all aspects of surgical simulation are expertly discussed, care is taken to also point to the role of simulation techniques as a key tool in the development of non-technical proficiencies such as communication- and cognitive skills. [...] I would highly recommend this book as a most interesting publication for all colleagues working in urological care. I can assure you, you will not be disappointed.’ —Per-Anders Abrahamsson, ‘BJUI International’
Now widely recognized as one of the most effective methods for training future surgeons, simulation has become an integral part of the multidimensional landscape that makes up a surgical education curriculum, and its role in surgical training only continues to grow. But no matter how advanced or complex the simulation tool, it is of little use without a knowledgeable educator and a well-prepared curriculum.
This book provides an overview of the current status of simulation-based training in various surgical disciplines and explains the science of surgical education, from developing a simulation programme to properly assess surgeons-in-training, to transferring the skills acquired through simulation into real-life settings. As such, the book can be used as a guide for understanding the basics of surgical education and the growing role played by simulation-based training.
Prokar Dasgupta is the professor of robotic surgery and urological innovation at King’s College London and hon. consultant urological surgeon at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospitals. He is the editor-in-chief of the ‘British Journal of Urology International’.
Kamran Ahmed is an academic clinical lecturer at King’s College London and specialist registrar in urology at Guy’s Hospital.
Peter Jaye is a consultant in emergency medicine at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT) and the director of simulation at GSTT, and leads simulation for King’s Health Partners.
Mohammed Shamim Khan is a consultant urologist at Guy’s Hospital and honorary reader at King’s College London. He is the director of the BAUS Office of Education.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Surgical Simulation_9781783081561 | i | ||
Title | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
CONTENTS | v | ||
Chapter 1 SURGICAL SIMULATION: AN OVERVIEW | 1 | ||
Simulation-Based Surgical Training | 1 | ||
Definitions | 1 | ||
Assessment of Trainees Using Surgical Simulation | 3 | ||
From De-contextualised to Contextualised Simulation | 5 | ||
Conclusions | 6 | ||
Take-Home Messages | 7 | ||
References | 12 | ||
Chapter 2 SIMULATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: THE HISTORY OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SIMULATION | 15 | ||
Introduction | 15 | ||
Historical Overview | 15 | ||
The Evolution of Simulation Models | 18 | ||
Simulated Patients | 19 | ||
Training Tissue and Models | 20 | ||
Virtual Reality Training | 20 | ||
References | 21 | ||
Chapter 3 THE ROLE OF ANIMAL MODELS IN SURGICAL TRAINING AND ASSESSMENT | 23 | ||
Abstract | 23 | ||
Background on Animal Models | 24 | ||
Types of Animal Models | 25 | ||
Evidence for the Effectiveness of Animal Model Training | 25 | ||
Courses Available | 26 | ||
Cost Implications | 26 | ||
How to Set Up Training Centres for Animal Model Training | 27 | ||
The MIDC Model (Minimally Invasive Development Centre) | 27 | ||
Evolution | 28 | ||
Effectiveness of Courses | 29 | ||
Conclusion | 30 | ||
References | 39 | ||
Chapter 4 FULL PROCEDURAL SURGICAL SIMULATION | 41 | ||
Introduction | 41 | ||
The Virtual or Mission Rehearsal | 43 | ||
Distributed Simulation | 43 | ||
Evidence for Validation | 44 | ||
Conclusions | 46 | ||
References | 50 | ||
Chapter 5 DEVELOPING NON-TECHNICAL SKILLS | 51 | ||
Introduction | 51 | ||
The Importance of Non-technical Skills | 52 | ||
Non-technical Skills for Surgery | 52 | ||
Human Patient Simulation as a Training Tool for NTS | 53 | ||
Implementation of High-Fidelity Team-Based Simulation Training | 55 | ||
Evidence for Team-Based High-Fidelity Simulation in Surgery | 56 | ||
Other Strategies to Improve NTS | 56 | ||
The Future of Simulation-Based Training for NTS | 57 | ||
Conclusion | 58 | ||
Key Messages | 58 | ||
References | 60 | ||
Chapter 6 LEARNING CURVES FOR SIMULATORS | 63 | ||
Five Key Messages | 63 | ||
Defining the Learning Curve | 63 | ||
Measuring the learning curve | 64 | ||
The learning curve in the operating room | 65 | ||
Reducing the learning curve | 66 | ||
Simulation-based learning curves and simulator curricula | 66 | ||
Proficiency-based curricula | 67 | ||
MIST-VR curriculum | 68 | ||
LapSim curriculum | 68 | ||
LAP Mentor curriculum | 68 | ||
Transfer effectiveness ratio | 69 | ||
Conclusions | 70 | ||
References | 71 | ||
Chapter 7 DEVELOPING A SIMULATION PROGRAMME | 73 | ||
Introduction | 73 | ||
Deciding Which Simulators to Use | 74 | ||
Funding and Financial Issues | 75 | ||
Leadership and Management | 76 | ||
Integration into Curricula | 77 | ||
Challenges | 78 | ||
Conclusion | 79 | ||
References | 82 | ||
Chapter 8 PATIENT SAFETY AND SIMULATION | 85 | ||
Pathogenesis of Unsafe Clinical Practice | 86 | ||
Safe Culture and Safe Patients | 86 | ||
Organisational level | 87 | ||
Individual level | 88 | ||
Is There Evidence that Simulation Training Improves Patient Safety? | 88 | ||
Simulation in Healthcare | 89 | ||
Competency Assessment Using Simulation | 90 | ||
Cost-Effectiveness of Simulation in Healthcare | 91 | ||
References | 94 | ||
Chapter 9 PSYCHOMETRICS | 95 | ||
Chapter Objectives | 95 | ||
Five Key Messages | 95 | ||
Introduction | 96 | ||
Psychometric Properties of Simulation-Based Assessment | 97 | ||
(1) Reliability | 98 | ||
Classical test theory | 98 | ||
Generalisability theory | 99 | ||
Multi-faceted Rasch model | 101 | ||
(2) Validity | 102 | ||
Content validity | 102 | ||
Face validity | 103 | ||
Construct validity | 103 | ||
Predictive validity | 103 | ||
(3) Acceptability | 103 | ||
(4) Cost-Effectiveness | 104 | ||
(5) Educational Impact | 104 | ||
(6) Practicability | 105 | ||
Summary | 105 | ||
References | 108 | ||
Chapter 10 FUTURE OF SURGICAL SIMULATION | 111 | ||
Current Developments in Simulation Models for Surgical Skills Training | 111 | ||
What is the Future of Procedure-Based Simulation? | 113 | ||
Evidence Regarding Patient Safety | 114 | ||
Future of Non-technical Skills Simulation (NOTSS) | 114 | ||
Summary | 115 | ||
Key Messages | 116 | ||
References | 118 | ||
AUTHOR DETAILS | 123 |