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Abstract
‘The Collected Works of Ann Hawkshaw’ brings together Hawkshaw’s four volumes of poetry and republishes them for the first time. Debbie Bark’s biography, introduction and notes highlight Hawkshaw’s most significant poems and propose connections with more canonical works alongside which her writing can be productively viewed. Hawkshaw’s writings have been largely neglected since the early twentieth century, but this new volume reaffirms their ability to offer an exceptional insight into the changing political and religious landscape of the Victorian period.
‘The Collected Works of Ann Hawkshaw’ brings together Hawkshaw’s four volumes of poetry and republishes them together for the first time. Some two hundred years after her birth into a large family of Dissenters in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the publication of ‘The Collected Works’ reflects the growing interest in Hawkshaw’s poetry and life. As the span of three decades between the first and last examples of Hawkshaw’s writing suggests, her poetry offers an exceptional insight into the changing political and religious landscape of the mid-nineteenth century. The themes of death, religion, science, history and nation that run through Hawkshaw’s poetry demonstrate her capacity for extended critical thought, as she engages with subjects at the heart of nineteenth-century cultural and religious debates whilst challenging the work of established scholars and writers.
Writing in a strong, independent and perceptive voice, Hawkshaw makes a valuable contribution to the Manchester poetic revival of 1830s and 1840s, and to political debates over abolitionism and the Poor Law Amendment. Her defence of natural theology in light of scientific progress and her skilful use of the sonnet sequence to engage with nineteenth-century historiographies of the Anglo-Saxon period are also notable. Elsewhere, Hawkshaw draws on her experience as a mother to write tender and poignant elegies on childhood death, addressing several poems to her own children and grandchild.
As well as providing a biography of Hawkshaw, who was married to the leading Victorian engineer Sir John Hawkshaw and related by marriage to the Darwin-Wedgwood family, the editor’s introduction and notes draw attention to several of Hawkshaw’s most significant poems and their critical reception, making connections between her poetry and the work of Felicia Hemans, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Wordsworth, Gaskell and Pater.
‘A reflective, witty and erudite writer, Ann Hawkshaw merits recognition for her wide-ranging and philosophical poetry and children’s verse. After more than a century of unmerited neglect, Bark’s comprehensive biographical and critical introduction and notes make Hawkshaw’s life and works fully accessible for modern readers.’ —Professor Florence Boos, University of Iowa
Ann Hawkshaw (1812–1885) was born into a large family of dissenters in rural Yorkshire and, by the time of her death, she was a titled, affluent poet moving amidst the most influential circles of the age.
Debbie Bark lectures on nineteenth-century studies in the Department of English Literature at the University of Reading. She has published a number of articles on Ann Hawkshaw which focus on situating the poet’s life and work in their literary and cultural context.
‘This superb edition brings Hawkshaw’s unique gifts into visibility. Exhaustive annotation illuminates her remarkable poems, and detailed archival work reveals for the first time Hawkshaw’s life of upward mobility in a vigorous dissenting culture.’ —Professor Isobel Armstrong, Birkbeck, University of London
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
The Collected Works of Ann Hawkshaw | i | ||
Title | iii | ||
Copyright | iv | ||
Contents | v | ||
Preface and Acknowledgements | xi | ||
Biographical Introduction | xv | ||
1842 ‘DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE’, WITH OTHER POEMS | 1 | ||
Introductory Stanzas | 3 | ||
Dionysius, the Areopagite | 6 | ||
Part I. | 6 | ||
I. | 6 | ||
II. | 9 | ||
III. | 10 | ||
IV. | 13 | ||
V. | 17 | ||
VI. | 20 | ||
VII. | 24 | ||
VIII. | 25 | ||
IX. | 27 | ||
X. | 33 | ||
XI. | 38 | ||
Part II. | 43 | ||
I. | 43 | ||
II. | 46 | ||
III. | 48 | ||
IV. | 52 | ||
V. | 56 | ||
Part III. | 61 | ||
I. | 61 | ||
II. | 66 | ||
The Past | 69 | ||
I. | 69 | ||
II. | 69 | ||
III. | 70 | ||
IV. | 70 | ||
V. | 70 | ||
VI. | 70 | ||
VII. | 71 | ||
VIII. | 71 | ||
IX. | 71 | ||
X. | 72 | ||
XI. | 72 | ||
XII. | 72 | ||
XIII. | 72 | ||
XIV. | 73 | ||
XV. | 73 | ||
XVI. | 73 | ||
XVII. | 73 | ||
XVIII. | 74 | ||
XIX. | 74 | ||
XX. | 74 | ||
XXI. | 74 | ||
XXII. | 75 | ||
XXIII. | 75 | ||
XXIV. | 75 | ||
XXV. | 76 | ||
XXVI. | 76 | ||
XXVII. | 76 | ||
XXVIII. | 76 | ||
XXIX. | 77 | ||
XXX. | 77 | ||
XXXI. | 77 | ||
The Future | 77 | ||
I. | 77 | ||
II. | 78 | ||
III. | 78 | ||
IV. | 78 | ||
V. | 78 | ||
VI. | 79 | ||
VII. | 79 | ||
VIII. | 79 | ||
IX. | 80 | ||
X. | 80 | ||
XI. | 80 | ||
XII. | 80 | ||
XIII. | 81 | ||
XIV. | 81 | ||
XV | 81 | ||
XVI. | 81 | ||
XVII. | 82 | ||
XVIII. | 82 | ||
XIX. | 82 | ||
XX. | 82 | ||
XXI. | 83 | ||
XXII. | 83 | ||
XXIII. | 83 | ||
XXIV. | 83 | ||
XXV. | 84 | ||
XXVI. | 84 | ||
XXVII. | 84 | ||
XXVIII. | 84 | ||
XXIX. | 85 | ||
XXX. | 85 | ||
Wild Flowers | 85 | ||
The Welsh Bard’s Last Song | 86 | ||
Spring to the Flowers | 87 | ||
Sonnet—To America | 88 | ||
Palestine | 89 | ||
Land of my Fathers | 90 | ||
To Fountain’s Abbey | 90 | ||
To a Bereaved Father | 91 | ||
The Exile Song | 92 | ||
The Mother to her Starving Child | 93 | ||
To—— on the Death of Three of her Children | 95 | ||
To—— after the Death of her Daughter | 96 | ||
Lines on a Friend lost at Sea | 96 | ||
The Prophet’s Lament | 97 | ||
Song | 98 | ||
The Greek Girl’s Song | 99 | ||
The Captive King | 100 | ||
Why am I a Slave? | 102 | ||
Sonnet to—— | 103 | ||
1843 ‘LIFE’S DULL REALITY’ | 105 | ||
1847 POEMS FOR MY CHILDREN | 107 | ||
Spring is Coming | 110 | ||
Mary’s Wish | 111 | ||
The Festival of the Last of October—Scene in the Time of the Druids | 112 | ||
Common Things | 114 | ||
The Little Wanderers | 115 | ||
Part I.—The Resolve | 115 | ||
Part II.—The Avalanche | 118 | ||
Part III.—The Cave in the Mountains | 122 | ||
The Wind | 125 | ||
Scene in the Time of the Romans | 126 | ||
The City Child’s Complaint | 128 | ||
The First Spring Flowers | 129 | ||
To Editha | 130 | ||
Editha | 131 | ||
The Oak Tree | 132 | ||
I do not love the Night | 134 | ||
Thinking and Dreaming | 135 | ||
King Alfred and His Mother—a Scene in the Time of the Saxons | 137 | ||
The Angel Friend | 139 | ||
The Stream | 140 | ||
The Poor Fly—for my little Harry | 141 | ||
The Land of my Dreams | 142 | ||
The History of a Coral Islet | 143 | ||
The Hermit, the Chieftain, and the Child—a Tale about Happiness | 145 | ||
God is Love | 148 | ||
The Monk of Chester—a Scene in the Time of the Normans | 149 | ||
A Talk in Furness Abbey.—to J.C.H | 152 | ||
A Little Girl’s Wish | 153 | ||
Sir Oswald’s Return—a Scene in the Time of the Crusades | 155 | ||
Part I. | 155 | ||
Part II. | 158 | ||
Ada | 164 | ||
1854 SONNETS ON ANGLO-SAXON HISTORY | 167 | ||
Introductory. | 171 | ||
I. The beginning. | 173 | ||
II. Progress. | 175 | ||
III. The Druids. | 177 | ||
IV. The Romans. | 179 | ||
V. Christianity. | 181 | ||
VI. Christianity in Britain. | 183 | ||
VII. Change. | 185 | ||
VIII. The Saxons.—I. | 187 | ||
IX. The Saxons.—II. | 189 | ||
X. Saxon Mythology. | 191 | ||
XI. Christianity received by the Saxons.—I. | 193 | ||
XII. Christianity received by the Saxons.—II. | 195 | ||
XIII. Merlin. | 197 | ||
XIV. Ethelbert examining the Christian Doctrines. | 199 | ||
XV. Ethelbert embraces Christianity | 201 | ||
XVI. The great Edwin of Northumbria.—I. | 203 | ||
XVII. Edwin of Northumbria.—II. | 205 | ||
XVIII. The Thane Lilla saving Edwin.—III. | 207 | ||
XIX. Caedmon the Anglo-Saxon Poet. | 209 | ||
XX. The Chronicler. | 211 | ||
XXI. The Venerable Bede.—I. | 213 | ||
XXII. The Venerable Bede.—II. | 215 | ||
XXIII. The death of Bede.—III. | 217 | ||
XXIV. The Northmen. | 219 | ||
XXV. Destruction of the Abbey of Peterborough by the Northmen. | 221 | ||
XXVI. Under-Currents. | 223 | ||
XXVII. The Serf. | 225 | ||
XXVIII. The Serf Freed. | 227 | ||
XXIX. Ina resigning his Crown. | 229 | ||
XXX. The Pilgrim.—I. | 231 | ||
XXXI. The Pilgrim.—II. | 233 | ||
XXXII. The Pilgrim.—III. | 235 | ||
XXXIII. Alfred of Northumbria.—I. Retirement. | 237 | ||
XXXIV. Alfred of Northumbria.—II. Self-Reliance. | 239 | ||
XXXV. The Monastery. | 241 | ||
XXXVI. Ethelberga. | 243 | ||
XXXVII. The benighted Ceorl. | 245 | ||
XXXVIII. The Witena meeting at Easter. | 247 | ||
XXXIX. The Markman’s Cottage.—I. | 249 | ||
XL. The Markman’s Cottage.—II. | 251 | ||
XLI. True Workers. | 253 | ||
XLII. The Mother of Egbert. | 255 | ||
XLIII. Egbert. | 257 | ||
XLIV. Ethelwulph leaving the Cloister.—I. | 259 | ||
XLV. Ethelwulph.—II. | 261 | ||
XLVI. The Tomb of Ethelberga. | 263 | ||
XLVII. Anglo-Saxon Patriots. | 265 | ||
XLVIII. Alfred the Great.—I. The Child. | 267 | ||
XLIX. Alfred the Great.—II. Remembrances. | 269 | ||
L. Alfred the Great.—III. Adversity. | 271 | ||
LI. Alfred the Great.—IV. Releasing the Wife and Children of Hastings the Northman. | 273 | ||
LII. Alfred the Great.—V. Romney Marsh, Kent. | 275 | ||
LIII. Denulf. | 277 | ||
LIV. Woman.—I. Ethelfleda, the daughter of Alfred. | 279 | ||
LV. Woman.—II. Ethelfleda. | 281 | ||
LVI. Woman.—III. Ethelgiva the Nun. | 283 | ||
LVII. The three Pilgrims. | 285 | ||
LVIII. The Hero-King. | 287 | ||
LIX. The Thane’s Fireside. | 289 | ||
LX. The remorse of Athelstan. —I. | 291 | ||
LXI. Athelstan.—II. | 293 | ||
LXII. Edwy and Elfgiva. | 295 | ||
LXIII. The Town. | 297 | ||
LXIV. Disunion. | 299 | ||
LXV. Dunstan.—I. The Boy. | 301 | ||
LXVI.Dunstan.—II. The Dream. | 303 | ||
LXVII.Dunstan.—III. The Youth’s aspirings. | 305 | ||
LXVIII.Dunstan.—IV. The Trial. | 307 | ||
LXIX.Dunstan.—V. Love. | 309 | ||
LXX.Dunstan.—VI. The Fall. | 311 | ||
LXXI.Dunstan.—VII. Nature’s Revenge. | 313 | ||
LXXII.Dunstan.—VIII. Refusing to crown Ethelred. | 315 | ||
LXXIII.Ethelred the Unready. | 317 | ||
LXXIV.Massacre of the Danes. | 319 | ||
LXXV.The Poet. | 321 | ||
LXXVI.Edmund Ironside. | 323 | ||
LXXVII.Canute the Great. | 325 | ||
LXXVIII.The Forest. | 327 | ||
LXXIX.Godwin.—I. Childhood. | 329 | ||
LXXX.Godwin.—II. The meeting with Ulfr. | 331 | ||
LXXXI. Godwin.—III. The Flight. | 333 | ||
LXXXII. Godwin.—IV. The Earl. | 335 | ||
LXXXIII. Godwin.—V. The Death-Feast. | 337 | ||
LXXXIV. Sweyn, the Outlawed. | 339 | ||
LXXXV. The Visit. | 341 | ||
LXXXVI. Editha in the Monastery at Wherwell. | 343 | ||
LXXXVII. Death-Shadowings.—I. Edward the Etheling. | 345 | ||
LXXXVIII. Death-Shadowings.—II. Leofric. | 347 | ||
LXXXIX. Death-Shadowings.—III. Leofric. | 349 | ||
XC. Edward the Confessor.—I. | 351 | ||
XCI. Edward the Confessor.—II. | 353 | ||
XCII. The Eventide.—I. | 355 | ||
XCIII. The Eventide.—II. | 357 | ||
XCIV. Harold.—I. | 359 | ||
XCV. Harold.—II. | 361 | ||
XCVI. The Mother of Harold. | 363 | ||
XCVII. Night after Battle. | 365 | ||
XCVIII. The Anglo-Saxons. | 367 | ||
Conclusion. | 368 | ||
1871 CECIL’S OWN BOOK | 369 | ||
Part I. The Wonderful Adventures of Hassan the Younger, the Son of Hassan-el-Alfi the Camel Driver | 371 | ||
The Selfish Toad | 383 | ||
The Discontented Stream | 387 | ||
Little Prince Bepettedbyall | 390 | ||
The Noontide Dream | 393 | ||
The Squirrel that forgot that it would be Winter A Story of Hollycombe in 1866 | 395 | ||
The Ambitious Water-Lily | 398 | ||
The Fairy Gift; or, The Iron Bracelet | 403 | ||
Part II. Change—not Death | 417 | ||
Earth’s Waters | 418 | ||
The Birds of Passage | 420 | ||
Homes of the Flowers | 420 | ||
In Memoriam | 422 | ||
Appendix A | 425 | ||
Appendix B | 451 | ||
Bibliography | 457 | ||
Index of Titles | 461 | ||
Index of First Lines | 465 |