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Abstract
This volume offers a collection of lucid, theoretically stimulating articles that explore and analyse the institutions and values which are salient in understanding political practices in South Asia. Combining a wide range of theoretical and empirical approaches, and blending the work of experts long established in their respective fields with refreshing and innovative approaches by younger scholars, this collaborative and cross-disciplinary endeavour facilitates a deeper understanding of the subcontinent’s diverse and complex political and democratic practices in the 21st century.
Stig Toft Madsen has taught and researched in universities in Denmark and Sweden.
Kenneth Bo Nielsen is research fellow at the Centre for Development and the Environment, University of Oslo, Norway.
Uwe Skoda is assistant professor of South Asian studies at Aarhus University, Denmark.
A number of chapters […] stand out for their ingenuity and interesting implications for the larger debate. […]The chapters in the second section on ‘India’ are all well-founded and shed light on different aspects of the political process and democratic practices […] All [the chapters] are well-written and provide interesting insights into selected political practices and processes.' –Marian Gallenkamp, 'Contemporary South Asia'
This volume addresses the current configuration of democratic politics in South Asia from a cross-disciplinary perspective. The essays seek to examine the larger questions of how democratic values are embedded in social and political institutions, and how localised and everyday political values inform the multiple ways in which democracy is understood and practised. One of the strengths of this collection is the fact that it does not seek to provide answers to these questions from within one academic discipline only, but rather brings together scholars with backgrounds in a variety of social science disciplines and the humanities.
A number of allied questions and engaging debates emerge throughout the book. How may we distinguish between democracy’s formal and less-than-formal dimensions in the context of South Asia? How do notions of kinship, kingship and community tie in with larger processes of democratic politics and deepening political mobilisation? How do people construe the political in a context where the sphere of the religious seemingly seamlessly overlaps with the political, where the political cannot be separated from the social, and where the boundaries between state and society are blurred? How do people practically engage with the political and with democratic processes at a local level – and what might democracy mean in the vernacular?
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Matter | i | ||
Half Title | i | ||
Title Page | iii | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
CONTENTS | v | ||
LIST OF TABLES | vii | ||
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS | ix | ||
GLOSSARY | xiii | ||
MAP OF SOUTH ASIA | xix | ||
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | xxi | ||
Main Matter | 1 | ||
Chapter One: INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
One Man One Vote does not Mean All Men are Equal | 2 | ||
Factions and Dynasties, Leaders and Constituencies | 5 | ||
Beyond Bharat: Democracy Unplugged but not Hegemonic | 9 | ||
Love Affairs and Arranged Marriages | 13 | ||
References | 14 | ||
Part One: THEORETICAL ISSUES | 17 | ||
Chapter Two: WHY DID INDIA BECOME A DEMOCRACY AND WHY DID IT REMAIN DEMOCRATIC? A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE AND SOME COMMENTS TO THE SCHOLARLY DEBATE | 19 | ||
Introduction | 19 | ||
Democracy – What is It? | 20 | ||
How and Why did India Become Democratic? | 20 | ||
Some Critical Comments and Observations | 26 | ||
Why did India Remain Democratic? | 28 | ||
Mainstream Thinking on India’s Democracy | 29 | ||
The Emergency: A Test for Democracy, a Test for Theories | 33 | ||
The Lone but Steadfast Voice of W. H. Morris-Jones | 35 | ||
Some Lessons from the Debates | 37 | ||
Notes | 38 | ||
References | 40 | ||
Chapter Three: DEMOCRACY IN BANGLADESH: A VILLAGE VIEW | 45 | ||
Democratic Practice in South Asia | 46 | ||
Three Sets of Explanations | 48 | ||
Data Collection | 52 | ||
‘What Does Democracy Mean to You?’ | 53 | ||
The Citizen’s Choice | 53 | ||
Master of the Land | 55 | ||
Democracy as Development | 56 | ||
The Rich, Generous and Experienced Leader | 58 | ||
The Efficient Leader | 62 | ||
‘Black Money’ | 64 | ||
Conclusion | 67 | ||
Notes | 68 | ||
References | 69 | ||
Part Two: INDIA | 71 | ||
Chapter Four: AJIT SINGH S/O CHARAN SINGH | 73 | ||
Enduring Relations: Ethnic Nepotism and Iterative Games | 74 | ||
Game Theory? No Thanks, We are South Asianists | 76 | ||
South Asian Political Dynasties | 78 | ||
Charan Singh | 79 | ||
The Inheritance: A Constituency to Nurse | 81 | ||
What Does a Politician Do When He Does Politics? | 83 | ||
Personal Character and Political Career | 85 | ||
Evading Allegations of Corruption and Crime | 88 | ||
A Morris-Jones Nama on Bt Cotton | 91 | ||
Conclusions | 95 | ||
Notes | 96 | ||
References | 98 | ||
Chapter Five: A PRINCELY POLITICIAN IN AN INDIGENISED DEMOCRACY: A RAJA AND HIS ELECTORAL SITUATION IN RURAL ORISSA 2004 | 103 | ||
Introduction | 103 | ||
The Backdrop: A Bridge, Re-inscribing Kingship and ‘Never a Strictly “Single-Party” Man’ | 108 | ||
‘Your Ancestors have chosen my Ancestors’: Creating a Community of Sentiment and Emphasising Patrimonial Centrality | 113 | ||
‘I depend on the blessings of Lord Baneshwar’: Invoking the Gods and Emphasising Divinity | 117 | ||
‘I do not get any benefi t’: A Humble Raja Living for Politics | 119 | ||
More Dangerous than Cancer: An Inimical Language to Demonise Political Opponents | 121 | ||
‘We will give to the BJP ... but you are not listening to our words’: Local Responses | 125 | ||
An ‘Electoral Situation’: Preliminary Conclusions | 126 | ||
Notes | 128 | ||
References | 131 | ||
Chapter Six: A POLITICAL BREAKTHROUGH FOR IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT: THE CONGRESS ASSEMBLY CAMPAIGN IN ANDHRA PRADESH IN 2003–2004 | 135 | ||
Introduction | 135 | ||
Campaign Issues, 2003–2004 | 137 | ||
Introducing Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy | 139 | ||
The Projection of YSR in the Setting of the Campaign Agenda | 141 | ||
Seeking Congress Leadership Unity in Yatras | 143 | ||
Agrarian Welfare and Development: Congress Promises | 146 | ||
Further Strategies for Electoral Success: Party Alliances and Another Yatra | 147 | ||
An Important Audience for Campaign Performances | 148 | ||
Concluding Remarks | 151 | ||
Notes | 153 | ||
References | 154 | ||
Chapter Seven: CONGRESS FACTIONALISM REVISITED: WEST BENGAL | 157 | ||
Introduction | 157 | ||
Factionalism and the Congress | 160 | ||
Factionalism in the West Bengal Congress: The Rise of Today’s Leaders | 163 | ||
From Faction to Party: The Formation of the TMC | 168 | ||
Persistent Rivalries | 171 | ||
Three Phases of TMC–Congress Relations, 1998 to 2006 | 173 | ||
Subrata Mukherjee’s Political Career | 174 | ||
An Aspiring Leader: Sudip Bandyopadhyay’s Career | 176 | ||
Towards Unity? Contemporary TMC–Congress Relations | 179 | ||
Conclusion: The Lakshman Rekha of Congress Factionalism | 183 | ||
Notes | 186 | ||
References | 188 | ||
Part Three: BEYOND INDIA | 193 | ||
Chapter Eight: NEPAL: GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRACY IN A FRAIL STATE | 195 | ||
The Politics of Inequality | 196 | ||
The Lack of Popular Representation | 201 | ||
Community and Identity Politics | 205 | ||
The State of the Bureaucracy | 207 | ||
A Glass Half Full rather than Half Empty | 210 | ||
Notes | 211 | ||
References | 212 | ||
Chapter Nine: ENTANGLEMENTS OF POLITICS AND EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA | 215 | ||
Introduction: Why Politics and Education? | 215 | ||
Democratisation of Education and the Development of Welfare Democracy | 218 | ||
The Ethnic Agenda in Politics and Education | 221 | ||
The Decay of Democracy and Education | 224 | ||
Localised Patronage Politics | 226 | ||
Politics in Schools | 228 | ||
Local Responses to Politicised Education | 230 | ||
Conclusion: The Plurality of Politics | 234 | ||
Notes | 235 | ||
References | 236 | ||
Chapter Ten: SHIFTING BETWEEN THE LOCAL AND TRANSNATIONAL: SPACE, POWER AND POLITICS IN WAR-TORN SRI LANKA | 239 | ||
Introduction | 239 | ||
The Sri Lankan Tamil Political Field: Local, Diasporic and Transnational | 240 | ||
Political Mobilisation and Demobilisation among Sri Lanka’s Tamils | 242 | ||
Relating Transnational to Local: Politics in LTTE Controlled Areas of Eastern Sri Lanka | 244 | ||
Shifts in Engagement in the Transnational Political Field | 247 | ||
The Sri Lankan Tamil Political Field after the LTTE | 250 | ||
Conclusion: The Shifting Centre of Gravity in the Sri Lankan Tamil Political Field | 255 | ||
Notes | 256 | ||
References | 257 | ||
Chapter Eleven: DOMESTIC ROOTS OF INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY | 261 | ||
Introduction | 261 | ||
The Early Autonomy of India’s Foreign Policy Process | 264 | ||
Sources of the Challenge to Autonomy of Foreign Policy | 267 | ||
Conclusion | 274 | ||
Notes | 275 | ||
References | 276 | ||
Chapter Twelve: WHEN DEMOCRACY IS NOT THE ONLY GAME IN TOWN: SECTARIAN CONFLICTS IN PAKISTAN | 281 | ||
The Islamic Revolution in Iran and the Politics of Sunniisation under Zia ul-Haq | 284 | ||
The Post-Soviet Jihad in Afghanistan, Kashmir and India | 287 | ||
Unstable Pakistan | 289 | ||
Neo-Fundamentalism and the New Potentials for Peace | 290 | ||
Notes | 292 | ||
References | 293 | ||
End Matter | 297 | ||
ABOUT THE EDITORS | 297 | ||
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS | 299 |