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Anthem Critical Thinking and Writing Skills

Anthem Critical Thinking and Writing Skills

Victoria Pontzer Ehrhardt

(2011)

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Book Details

Abstract

‘Anthem Critical Thinking and Writing Skills: An Introductory Guide’ helps readers in the process of critical thinking and persuasive speaking and writing. The text discusses informal thinking, the formal processes of induction, deduction, and syllogistic reasoning, in a clear format that makes it easy for the 'beginning logician' to process. Students learn how to form a proposition, identify issues, gather evidence, and process an argument.

To get started, logic games, puzzles, and real life examples ask students to consider how we evaluate, analyze, and decide. What happens if Janie says, 'Mom, can I go to the party? All of my friends are going!' And Mom responds, 'What if all of your friends jumped off the empire State building?' Is 'all of my friends are going' a good reason? Does mom have a point? Language and logic will help students evaluate these everyday decisions. Then a more formal look at induction and deduction challenges students to practice higher-level thinking skills, such as using analogies for evaluation, and working through syllogisms to process ideas. After a review of the Greek Fallacies, readers can have some literary logic fun by analyzing old standards like 'Love is a Fallacy' and the persuasive love poem 'The Passionate Shepherd'.


‘Anthem Critical Thinking and Writing Skills: An Introductory Guide’ helps readers in the process of critical thinking and persuasive speaking and writing. The concepts of critical thinking and evaluation are presented in a clear, easy-to-understand format. Students learn how to form a proposition, identify issues, gather evidence, and process an argument.

Logic games, puzzles, and real life examples ask students to evaluate how we evaluate, analyze, and decide.  Then a more formal look at induction and deduction challenges students to practice higher-level thinking skills, such as the use of analogies for evaluation, and working through syllogisms to process ideas. Instruction is included on processing a formal persuasive paper. Readers can have some literary logic fun by analyzing old standards like ‘Love is a Fallacy’ and the persuasive love poem ‘The Passionate Shepherd’.

Short chapters and clear practice exercises make the book easy to use as a basic or supplemental text.


Victoria Pontzer Ehrhardt is a lifelong educator who has focused on teaching students how to think clearly and write persuasively. A frequent presenter at state and national conferences, Dr Ehrhardt has shared her research and strategies on critical thinking at meetings and conventions sponsored by the College Board, the National Conference for Teachers of English, and the Foundation for Excellent Schools. She currently teaches English at the Harrisburg Area Community College in southeastern Pennsylvania.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Matter i
Half Title i
Title iii
Copyright iv
CONTENTS v
Main Matter 1
1 INTRODUCTION TO CRITICAL THINKING 1
Critical Thinking: The Human Mind at Work 1
Warm-up Activities 3
Metacognition 6
2 WHAT IS ARGUMENT? 9
Can Any Point Be Argued? 9
How Does an Argument Develop? 10
Developing an Argument 11
The Proposition 12
Practice Exercises on Propositions 16
Major and Minor Propositions 17
Chapter Review 19
3 RESEARCH AND GATHERING EVIDENCE 21
Gathering Evidence 21
Evaluating Evidence 23
Using Peer-Reviewed Sources 25
Recognizing Bad Evidence 25
The Next Step: Organizing Evidence 28
Practice Exercises in Gathering Evidence 29
Chapter Review 30
4 INDUCTIVE REASONING 31
Generalization 31
The Analogy 33
Practice in Analogies 34
Analogy, Metaphor and Simile 34
Chapter Review 35
5 DEDUCTIVE REASONING 37
Thinking by Classifying: Venn Diagrams 37
Reasoning by Classification: The Syllogism 40
Using Venn Diagrams to Understandthe Syllogism 41
Working with the Syllogismwithout Diagrams 46
“Jabberwocky” and the UltimateSyllogism Practice 52
Syllogisms and Political Arguments 55
Reasoning by Either/Or 56
Reasoning by If/Then 58
Chapter Review 58
6 ERRORS IN REASONING:THE CLASSICAL FALLACIES 61
Classical Fallacies of Processing Information 62
Classical Fallacies about People and Personalities 68
7 REASONING THROUGH THE AGES 73
The Context of Argument: Logos,Ethos and Pathos 73
The Context of Argument:Two Modern Approaches 74
The Context of Argument: A Literary Approach 75
Love is a Fallacy 76
Persuasion in Poetry 86
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love 87
The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd 88
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 89
To His Coy Mistress 90
8 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER:A RESEARCH PROJECT 93
Selecting a Topic and Forminga Proposition 93
Gathering, Evaluating and Organizing Evidence 97
PERSUASIVE OUTLINE FORM 99
PERSUASIVE OUTLINE FORM 101
Writing, Citing and Editing 102
Checklist for the Persuasive Research Paper 104
Chapter Review 105
All in a Day’s Work 105
Back Matter 107
APPENDIX 1 107
ANSWERS TO PRACTICE EXERCISESAND CHAPTER REVIEWS 107
APPENDIX 2 119
LOGIC TEST 119
APPENDIX 3 123
ANSWERS TO LOGIC TEST 123
APPENDIX 4 Pursuasive Research Paper Rubric 127
INDEX 129