BOOK
SPEC - Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery
Mark D. Walters | Mickey M. Karram | Mark D. Walters | Mickey M. Karram
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Edited and authored by some of the most respected figures in the field, Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery presents definitive, state-of-the-art guidance on every aspect of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (FPMRS), equipping you to make the best clinical decisions and optimize outcomes. It’s easily accessible format is uniquely organized to reflect a physician's decision-making process -- from basic concepts through to clinical and urodynamic evaluation, management, and treatment. This practical, clinically oriented text is an ideal resource for OB/GYNs and Urologists as well as subspecialists in FPMRS, providing the latest information on procedures and available research regarding the evaluation and treatment of the growing number of patients presenting with these types of conditions.
- Consult this title on your favorite e-reader , conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
- Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information with a new section on surgical complications and their management; important new discussions on the psychosocial issues associated with treating patients with female pelvic floor disorders; and a new focus on female sexual function and dysfunction.
- Prevent and plan for complications prior to a procedure thanks to a step-by-step approach to each procedure, complete with personal techniques and tips from leading experts.
- Put concepts into practice. Case presentations from leading experts in FPMRS allow the reader to apply the information presented to everyday clinical situations.
- Effectively detect, prevent and treat common female pelvic floor disorders including stress incontinence, overactive bladder, pelvic organ prolapse, defecation disorders, painful bladder and irritative voiding disorders, and urinary tract infection.
- Get a true-to-life view of each procedure through full-color, crisp illustrations that illuminate every detail and nuance.
- Stay current the latest advancements and developments with sweeping updates and 9 NEW chapters: Congenital Anomalies of the Female Genital and Urinary Tracts l Physiology of the Pelvic Muscles, Vagina and Ano-Rectum l Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction l Multichannel-Urodynamics: Indications, Techniques and Interpretation with Case Studies l Video and Ambulatory Urodynamics: Indications, Techniques and Interpretation with Case Studies l Hysteropexy l Avoiding and Managing Lower Urinary Tract Injuries During Pelvic Surgery l Managing Mesh and other Vaginal Complications after Surgeries for Incontinence and Prolapse l and Surgical Management of Detrusor Compliance Abnormalities.
- Master urodynamic testing with step-by-step instructions on basic evaluation as well as the evaluation of complex cases with videourodynamics.
- Know what to do and expect with algorithmic approaches to common complaints, evidence-based assessments of appropriate therapies, and clear full-color surgical illustrations as well as evidence-based assessments of appropriate therapies.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | IFC | ||
| Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Acknowledgments | xi | ||
| Contents | xii | ||
| Part 1 - HISTORY | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Historical Milestones in Female Pelvic Surgery, Gynecology, and Female Urology | 3 | ||
| On the Shoulders of Giants | 3 | ||
| Gynecology in Antiquity | 5 | ||
| Medieval Medicine | 5 | ||
| The Renaissance | 5 | ||
| The Seventeenth Century | 6 | ||
| The Eighteenth Century | 6 | ||
| The Nineteenth Century Prior to the Aseptic Age | 7 | ||
| The Mid-Nineteenth Century: The Dawn of Aseptic Surgery | 8 | ||
| The Twentieth Century: A Specialty Evolves | 13 | ||
| Bibliography | 15 | ||
| Part 2 - BASIC SCIENCE | 17 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract, Pelvic Floor, and Rectum | 19 | ||
| Pelvic Anatomy | 19 | ||
| Pelvic Organ Support | 28 | ||
| Bibliography | 31 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Embryology and Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract, Rectum, and Female Genital System | 32 | ||
| Embryology | 32 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies of the Female Genital System | 38 | ||
| Summary | 51 | ||
| Bibliography | 51 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Neurophysiology and Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract | 53 | ||
| Introduction | 53 | ||
| General Nervous System Arrangements | 54 | ||
| Neural Control of the Lower Urinary Tract | 54 | ||
| Clinical Effects of Neurologic Disease on Lower Urinary Tract Function | 61 | ||
| Clinical Pharmacology of the Lower Urinary Tract | 63 | ||
| Bibliography | 66 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Physiology of the Pelvic Muscles, Vagina, and Anorectum | 68 | ||
| Pelvic Floor | 68 | ||
| Vagina | 71 | ||
| Anorectum | 73 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 79 | ||
| Bibliography | 79 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction: Assessment and Treatment | 81 | ||
| Introduction | 81 | ||
| Models of Female Sexual Response | 82 | ||
| Physiology | 82 | ||
| Female Sexual Disorders | 83 | ||
| Variables That Can Affect Sexual Function | 86 | ||
| Screening and Evaluation for Sexual Dysfunction | 89 | ||
| Treatment of Female Sexual Disorders | 90 | ||
| Conclusion | 93 | ||
| Bibliography | 93 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Epidemiology and Psychosocial Impact of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders | 96 | ||
| Epidemiology | 96 | ||
| Causes and Prevention of Pelvic Floor Disorders | 99 | ||
| Psychosocial Impact of Pelvic Floor Disorders | 101 | ||
| Bibligraphy | 102 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Description and Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction and Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 105 | ||
| Classification Systems of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction | 105 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Urinary Incontinence | 107 | ||
| Description and Staging of Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 108 | ||
| Classification System of Complications Related to Insertion of Vaginal Prostheses and Grafts | 111 | ||
| Bibliography | 112 | ||
| Part 3 - EVALUATION | 115 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Evaluation of Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: History, Physical Examination, and Office Tests | 117 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 118 | ||
| Perineal Pad Tests | 123 | ||
| Diagnostic Tests | 123 | ||
| Making the Incontinence Diagnosis | 125 | ||
| Diagnostic Accuracy of Office Evaluations | 126 | ||
| Indications for Urodynamic Tests and Cystoscopy | 127 | ||
| Bibliography | 127 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Urodynamics: Indications, Techniques, Interpretation, and Clinical Utility | 130 | ||
| Introduction to Urodynamics | 130 | ||
| Urodynamic Equipment | 132 | ||
| Performing a Urodynamic Evaluation | 133 | ||
| Interpretation of Specific Tests | 136 | ||
| Urodynamics and Specific Conditions | 148 | ||
| American Urological Association/Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine, and Urogenital Reconstruction Guidelines on Urod... | 152 | ||
| Conclusion | 153 | ||
| Bibliography | 153 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Video and Ambulatory Urodynamics | 157 | ||
| Video Urodynamics | 157 | ||
| Ambulatory Urodynamic Testing | 167 | ||
| Conclusion | 168 | ||
| Bibliography | 168 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Endoscopic Evaluation of the Lower Urinary Tract | 170 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 170 | ||
| Indications | 171 | ||
| Instrumentation | 171 | ||
| Cystourethroscopic Technique | 174 | ||
| Cystourethroscopic Findings | 178 | ||
| Bibliography | 180 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Radiologic Studies of the Lower Urinary Tract and Pelvic Floor | 182 | ||
| Plain Film of the Abdomen | 182 | ||
| Intravenous Pyelography | 182 | ||
| Retrograde and Antegrade Pyelography | 182 | ||
| Cystography | 183 | ||
| Voiding Cystourethrography | 183 | ||
| Video-Cystourethrography | 184 | ||
| Ultrasound | 185 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 191 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 192 | ||
| Bibliography | 193 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Neurophysiologic Testing for Pelvic Floor Disorders | 195 | ||
| Electrodiagnostic Testing | 196 | ||
| Nerve Conduction Studies | 202 | ||
| Sacral Reflexes | 204 | ||
| Autonomic Testing | 205 | ||
| Pelvic Floor Disorders | 205 | ||
| Neurologic Conditions | 207 | ||
| Bibliography | 209 | ||
| Part 4 - MANAGEMENT OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE AND PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE | 213 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Pathophysiology of Urinary Incontinence | 215 | ||
| Elements of Urinary Continence | 215 | ||
| Mechanisms of Female Urinary Continence and Incontinence | 219 | ||
| Conclusion | 223 | ||
| Bibliography | 223 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor Disorders | 224 | ||
| Introduction | 224 | ||
| Alterations of Pelvic Floor Anatomy and Physiology in Pregnancy | 224 | ||
| Impact of Childbirth on Anatomy and Physiology | 230 | ||
| Impact of Childbirth on Specific PFDs | 234 | ||
| The Debate about Elective Primary Cesarean Delivery | 236 | ||
| Fistulas | 237 | ||
| Conclusion | 237 | ||
| References | 237 | ||
| Chapter 17 - Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Nonsurgical Management | 241 | ||
| Introduction | 241 | ||
| The Bladder Diary: A Valuable Clinical Tool | 242 | ||
| Behavioral Intervention: Pelvic Floor Muscle Training and Exercise | 243 | ||
| Behavioral Intervention: Bladder Training | 245 | ||
| Bowel Management | 245 | ||
| Weight Loss and Incontinence | 245 | ||
| Estrogen and Stress Incontinence | 245 | ||
| Other Pharmacologic Therapies for Stress Urinary Incontinence | 246 | ||
| Urethral Devices | 247 | ||
| The Ins and Outs of Pessary Use | 248 | ||
| Conclusions | 251 | ||
| Bibliography | 251 | ||
| Chapter 18 - Retropubic Operations for Stress Urinary Incontinence | 253 | ||
| Indications for Retropubic Procedures | 253 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 254 | ||
| Clinical Results | 256 | ||
| Mechanisms of Cure | 257 | ||
| Complications | 258 | ||
| Role of Hysterectomy in the Treatment of Incontinence | 259 | ||
| Pregnancy after Retropubic Surgery | 260 | ||
| Bibliography | 260 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Biologic Bladder Neck Sling for Stress Urinary Incontinence | 262 | ||
| Introduction | 262 | ||
| Indications | 262 | ||
| Sling Materials | 263 | ||
| Outcomes | 267 | ||
| Complications | 270 | ||
| Bibliography | 271 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Synthetic Midurethral Slings for Stress Urinary Incontinence | 272 | ||
| Introduction | 272 | ||
| Synthetic Retropubic MUSs | 272 | ||
| Synthetic Transobturator MUSs | 283 | ||
| Synthetic Midurethral Single-Incision Mini-Slings | 290 | ||
| Pregnancy after MUSs | 292 | ||
| Conclusions | 292 | ||
| Bibliography | 292 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Stress Urinary Incontinence | 295 | ||
| Introduction | 295 | ||
| Indications for Minimally Invasive Prolapse Surgery | 296 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 296 | ||
| Operative Technique for Laparoscopic Sacral Colpopexy | 297 | ||
| Robotic Sacral Colpopexy | 301 | ||
| Sacral Colpoperineopexy | 307 | ||
| Ventral Rectopexy | 307 | ||
| Laparoscopic Uterosacral Ligament Vaginal Vault Suspension | 308 | ||
| Moschcowitz and Halban Procedure | 309 | ||
| Laparoscopic Enterocele Repair | 310 | ||
| Laparoscopic and Robotic Retropubic Surgical Procedures | 310 | ||
| Cost of Minimally Invasive Prolapse and Continence Surgery | 314 | ||
| Discussion | 315 | ||
| Bibliography | 315 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Urethral Injection of Bulking Agents for Intrinsic Sphincter Deficiency | 318 | ||
| Introduction | 318 | ||
| Indications and Contraindications | 318 | ||
| Evaluation | 319 | ||
| Materials | 319 | ||
| Techniques | 321 | ||
| Complications and Safety | 323 | ||
| Effectiveness | 323 | ||
| Future Considerations | 324 | ||
| Bibliography | 324 | ||
| Chapter 23 - Surgical Treatment of Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse | 326 | ||
| Introduction | 326 | ||
| Anatomy and Pathology | 326 | ||
| Evaluation | 327 | ||
| Surgical Repair Techniques | 329 | ||
| Results | 337 | ||
| Complications | 339 | ||
| Bibliography | 340 | ||
| Chapter 24 - Surgical Treatment of Rectocele and Perineal Defects | 342 | ||
| Anatomy and Pathophysiology | 342 | ||
| Evaluation | 345 | ||
| Surgical Repair Techniques | 347 | ||
| Analysis of Outcomes | 355 | ||
| Complications | 356 | ||
| Recurrence | 357 | ||
| Conclusion | 357 | ||
| Bibliography | 357 | ||
| Chapter 25 - Surgical Treatment of Vaginal Apex Prolapse | 360 | ||
| Introduction | 360 | ||
| Prevalence, Demographics, and Risk Factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 360 | ||
| Pathology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 361 | ||
| Transvaginal Native Tissue Suture Repairs | 362 | ||
| Transvaginal Mesh Procedures | 374 | ||
| Abdominal Procedures to Correct Enterocele and Suspend the Vaginal Apex | 375 | ||
| Conclusion | 378 | ||
| Bibliography | 379 | ||
| Chapter 26 - Uterine Conservation for the Surgical Treatment of Uterovaginal Prolapse | 383 | ||
| Introduction | 383 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 383 | ||
| Considerations for Uterine Preservation | 385 | ||
| Vaginal Approach | 386 | ||
| Abdominal Approach | 392 | ||
| Summary and Future Questions | 397 | ||
| Bibliography | 398 | ||
| Chapter 27 - Obliterative Procedures for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 400 | ||
| Introduction | 400 | ||
| Historical Perspectives | 400 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 401 | ||
| Le Fort Partial Colpocleisis | 401 | ||
| Total Colpectomy and Colpocleisis | 403 | ||
| Levator Plication and Perineorrhaphy | 405 | ||
| Urinary Function Following Obliterative Procedures | 405 | ||
| Quality of Life and Regret of Loss of Sexual Function | 408 | ||
| Conclusion | 409 | ||
| Bibliography | 409 | ||
| Chapter 28 - The Use of Biologic Tissue and Synthetic Mesh in Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery | 411 | ||
| Introduction | 411 | ||
| Properties of the Ideal Graft Material | 413 | ||
| Biologic Properties of Host Tissue | 414 | ||
| Properties of Synthetic Material | 414 | ||
| Properties of Biologic Tissue | 417 | ||
| Urogynecologic Procedures Involving the Use of Synthetic Mesh and/or Biologic Tissue | 419 | ||
| Clinical Results and Complications Associated with Biologic Tissue | 422 | ||
| Conclusion | 423 | ||
| Bibliography | 424 | ||
| Part 5 - SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT | 429 | ||
| Chapter 29 - Avoiding and Managing Lower Urinary Tract Injuries During Pelvic Surgery | 431 | ||
| Incidence | 431 | ||
| Prevention of Injuries | 432 | ||
| Recognition and Management of Injuries | 435 | ||
| Postoperative Evaluation of Suspected Genitourinary Fistulas | 441 | ||
| Bibliography | 441 | ||
| Chapter 30 - Managing Mesh and Other Complications After Surgeries for Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 443 | ||
| Introduction | 443 | ||
| FDA Warnings | 444 | ||
| Professional Society Guidelines | 445 | ||
| Avoiding Synthetic Mesh Complications | 446 | ||
| Mesh Complications after Sacrocolpopexy | 447 | ||
| Mesh Complications after Synthetic Midurethral Slings | 448 | ||
| Complications after Transvaginal Mesh Placement for Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 450 | ||
| Management of Iatrogenic Complications after Native Tissue Suture Repair of Pelvic Organ Prolapse | 454 | ||
| Conclusion | 457 | ||
| References | 457 | ||
| Part 6 - FECAL INCONTINENCE AND DEFECATION DISORDERS | 461 | ||
| Chapter 31 - Fecal Incontinence | 463 | ||
| Epidemiology | 463 | ||
| Etiology | 463 | ||
| Evaluation | 464 | ||
| Nonsurgical Treatment | 466 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Treatments | 468 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 470 | ||
| Future Treatment Options | 474 | ||
| Conclusion | 474 | ||
| Bibliography | 475 | ||
| Chapter 32 - Constipation | 477 | ||
| Definition and Etiology | 477 | ||
| Epidemiology | 479 | ||
| Evaluation | 479 | ||
| Nonsurgical Treatment | 482 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 485 | ||
| Conclusion | 486 | ||
| Bibliography | 487 | ||
| Chapter 33 - Rectovaginal Fistula and Perineal Breakdown | 489 | ||
| Anatomy of the Perineal Body, Distal Vagina, Rectum, and Anus | 489 | ||
| Classification and Presentation of Perineal Breakdown and Rectovaginal Fistula | 490 | ||
| Etiologies of Rectovaginal Fistula and Perineal Breakdown | 491 | ||
| Diagnosis and Preoperative Evaluation | 492 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Rectovaginal Fistula | 493 | ||
| Perineal Breakdown | 497 | ||
| Summary | 499 | ||
| Bibliography | 499 | ||
| Chapter 34 - Rectal Prolapse | 500 | ||
| Introduction | 500 | ||
| Etiology | 500 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 501 | ||
| Epidemiology | 501 | ||
| Clinical Features | 501 | ||
| Evaluation | 501 | ||
| Nonsurgical Options for Prolapse | 502 | ||
| Common Surgical Repairs for Prolapse | 502 | ||
| Outcomes and Choice of Procedure | 509 | ||
| Bibliography | 509 | ||
| Part 7 - PAINFUL AND IRRITATIVE VOIDING DISORDERS | 511 | ||
| Chapter 35 - Overactive Bladder Syndrome and Nocturia | 513 | ||
| Overactive Bladder Syndrome | 513 | ||
| Nocturia | 533 | ||
| Conclusion | 536 | ||
| Bibliography | 536 | ||
| Chapter 36 - Hypersensitivity Disorders of the Lower Urinary Tract | 542 | ||
| Interstitial Cystitis | 542 | ||
| Management of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome | 549 | ||
| Bibliography | 552 | ||
| Chapter 37 - Surgical Management of Detrusor Compliance Abnormalities | 555 | ||
| Introduction and Definitions | 555 | ||
| Patient Evaluation | 555 | ||
| Surgical Treatments | 556 | ||
| Cost Effectiveness | 564 | ||
| Conclusion | 564 | ||
| Bibliography | 564 | ||
| Chapter 38 - Voiding Dysfunction and Urinary Retention | 566 | ||
| Neurophysiology of Micturition | 566 | ||
| Evaluation of Voiding Dysfunction | 568 | ||
| Classification of Voiding Dysfunction | 569 | ||
| Specific Causes of Voiding Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Management | 570 | ||
| Conclusion | 578 | ||
| Bibliography | 579 | ||
| Part 8 - SPECIFIC CONDITIONS | 581 | ||
| Chapter 39 - Lower Urinary Tract Infection | 583 | ||
| Epidemiology and Risk Factors | 583 | ||
| Microbiology | 584 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 584 | ||
| Diagnosis | 584 | ||
| Management | 586 | ||
| Bibliography | 589 | ||
| Chapter 40 - Urethral Diverticula | 591 | ||
| Incidence | 591 | ||
| Etiology | 591 | ||
| Presentation | 592 | ||
| Diagnosis | 592 | ||
| Radiologic Imaging | 593 | ||
| Urethral and Urethral Diverticular Pathology | 595 | ||
| Management of Female Urethral Diverticula | 595 | ||
| Complications | 599 | ||
| Summary | 600 | ||
| Bibliography | 600 | ||
| Chapter 41 - Lower Urinary Tract Fistulas | 602 | ||
| Historic Perspectives | 602 | ||
| Epidemiology and Etiology | 603 | ||
| Presentation and Investigation | 605 | ||
| Conservative Management | 605 | ||
| Timing of Surgical Repair | 606 | ||
| Presurgical Management | 606 | ||
| Surgical Repair | 607 | ||
| Urinary Diversion | 618 | ||
| Postoperative Bladder Drainage | 618 | ||
| Complications | 618 | ||
| Prevention | 618 | ||
| Bibliography | 619 | ||
| Chapter 42 - The Effects of Gynecologic Cancer on Lower Urinary Tract Function | 622 | ||
| The Effects of Intrafascial Hysterectomy on Lower Urinary Tract Function | 623 | ||
| The Effects of Radical Hysterectomy on Lower Urinary Tract Function | 625 | ||
| Genitourinary Fistula and Gynecologic Malignancy | 627 | ||
| The Effects of Chemotherapy on Lower Urinary Tract Function | 627 | ||
| The Effects of Radiotherapy on Lower Urinary Tract Function | 628 | ||
| Relation of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction to Female Genital Tract Tumors | 629 | ||
| Management of Hemorrhagic Cystitis | 630 | ||
| Conclusions | 631 | ||
| Bibliography | 631 | ||
| Chapter 43 - Bladder Drainage and Urinary Protective Methods | 634 | ||
| Introduction | 634 | ||
| Bladder Drainage | 634 | ||
| Urine Loss Appliances | 639 | ||
| Bibliography | 640 | ||
| Part 9 - RESEARCH METHODS | 643 | ||
| Chapter 44 - Outcomes and Quality-of-Life Measures in Pelvic Floor Research | 645 | ||
| Introduction | 645 | ||
| Pad Testing | 647 | ||
| Anatomic Outcomes | 648 | ||
| Physiologic Testing | 649 | ||
| Questionnaires | 649 | ||
| Socioeconomic Outcomes | 655 | ||
| Defining Treatment Success | 655 | ||
| Bibliography | 659 | ||
| Appendix A - The Standardization of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function Recommended by the International Continence Society* | e1 | ||
| Clinical Assessment | e1 | ||
| Procedures Related to the Evaluation of Urine Storage | e2 | ||
| Classification of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction | e9 | ||
| Summary | e11 | ||
| Units of Measurement | e11 | ||
| Symbols | e11 | ||
| Bibliography | e12 | ||
| Appendix B - The Standardization of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function: Report from the Standardization Subcommittee of the International Continence Society | e1 | ||
| Appendix C - Standardization Reports of the International Continence Society (ICS) | e1 | ||
| Appendix D - Classification System of Vaginal Prostheses and Graft Complications Recommended by the International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) and International Continence Society (ICS) | e3 | ||
| Appendix E - Sample Questionnaires for Several Recommended Outcome Measures for Women with Pelvic Floor Disorders | e1 | ||
| Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7) | e1 | ||
| Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) Instrument | e1 | ||
| Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-Short Form 20 | e1 | ||
| Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-Short Form 7 | e1 | ||
| Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12) | e1 | ||
| International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form | e2 | ||
| Index | 661 | ||
| IBC | IBC |