Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Prepare for a successful career in caring for geriatric populations with Williams’ Basic Geriatric Nursing, 6th Edition. This easy-to-read bestseller includes the latest information on health care policy and insurance practices, and presents the theories and concepts of aging and appropriate nursing interventions with an emphasis on health promotion. Part of the popular LPN/LVN Threads series, it provides opportunities for enhanced learning with additional figures, an interactive new Study Guide on Evolve, and real-world clinical scenarios that help you apply concepts to practice.
- Complete coverage of key topics includes baby boomers and the impact of their aging on the health care system, therapeutic communication, cultural considerations, spiritual influences, evidence-based practice in geriatric nursing, and elder abuse, restraints, and ethical and legal issues in end-of-life care.
- Updated discussion of issues and trends includes demographic factors and economic, social, cultural, and family influences.
- Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! section at the end of each chapter includes key points along with new Review Questions for the NCLEX examination and critical thinking which may be used for individual, small group, or classroom review.
- UNIQUE! Streamlined coverage of nutrition and fluid balance integrates these essential topics.
- Delegation, leadership, and management content integrated throughout.
- Nursing Process sections provide a framework for the discussion of the nursing care of the elderly patient as related to specific disorders.
- Nursing Care Plans with critical thinking questions help in understanding how a care plan is developed, how to evaluate care of a patient, and how to apply knowledge to clinical scenarios.
- LPN/LVN Threads make learning easier, featuring an appropriate reading level, key terms with phonetic pronunciations and text page references, chapter objectives, special features boxes, and full-color art, photographs, and design.
- UNIQUE! Complementary and Alternative Therapies boxes address specific therapies commonly used by the geriatric population for health promotion and pain relief.
- Health Promotion boxes highlight health promotion, disease prevention, and age-specific interventions.
- Home Health Considerations boxes provide information on home health care for the older adult.
- Coordinated Care boxes address such topics as restraints, elder abuse, and end-of-life care as related to responsibilities of nursing assistants and other health care workers who are supervised by LPN/LVNs.
- Clinical Situation boxes present patient scenarios with lessons for appropriate nursing care and patient sensitivity.
- Critical Thinking boxes help you to assimilate and synthesize information.
- 10th grade reading level makes learning easier.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Basic Geriatric Nursing | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributor and Reviewers | vi | ||
| LPN/LVN Advisory Board | vii | ||
| To the Instructor | viii | ||
| About the Text | viii | ||
| LPN Threads | viii | ||
| Organization | viii | ||
| Special Features | viii | ||
| Teaching and Learning Package | ix | ||
| For Instructors | ix | ||
| For Students | ix | ||
| Acknowledgments | ix | ||
| To the Student | x | ||
| Reading and Review Tools | x | ||
| Special Features | x | ||
| Table Of Contents | xi | ||
| Unit I Overview of Aging | 1 | ||
| 1 Trends and Issues | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Introduction to Geriatric Nursing | 1 | ||
| Historical Perspective on the Study of Aging | 1 | ||
| What’s in a Name: Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Gerontics | 2 | ||
| Attitudes Toward Aging | 3 | ||
| Gerontophobia | 4 | ||
| Ageism | 4 | ||
| Age Discrimination | 5 | ||
| Demographics | 6 | ||
| Scope of the Aging Population | 6 | ||
| Gender and Ethnic Disparity | 6 | ||
| The Baby Boomers | 8 | ||
| Geographic Distribution of the Older Adult Population | 8 | ||
| Marital Status | 8 | ||
| Educational Status | 8 | ||
| Economics of Aging | 9 | ||
| Poverty | 9 | ||
| Income | 9 | ||
| Wealth | 12 | ||
| Housing Arrangements | 12 | ||
| Health Care Provisions | 15 | ||
| Medicare and Medicaid | 15 | ||
| Rising Costs and Legislative Activity | 16 | ||
| Costs and End-of-Life Care | 17 | ||
| Advance Directives and POLST | 18 | ||
| Impact of Aging Members in the Family | 18 | ||
| Reflection by a Nursing Professor | 19 | ||
| The Nurse and Family Interactions | 20 | ||
| Self-Neglect | 21 | ||
| Abuse or Neglect by the Family | 21 | ||
| Physical Abuse | 22 | ||
| Neglect | 22 | ||
| Emotional Abuse | 22 | ||
| Financial Abuse | 22 | ||
| Abandonment | 23 | ||
| Responses to Abuse | 23 | ||
| Abuse by Unrelated Caregivers | 24 | ||
| Support Groups | 25 | ||
| Respite Care | 25 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 25 | ||
| Key Points | 25 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 26 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 26 | ||
| 2 Theories of Aging | 27 | ||
| Objectives | 27 | ||
| Key Terms | 27 | ||
| Biologic Theories | 27 | ||
| Psychosocial Theories | 29 | ||
| Implications for Nursing | 29 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 30 | ||
| Key Points | 30 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 30 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 30 | ||
| 3 Physiologic Changes | 31 | ||
| Objectives | 31 | ||
| Key Terms | 31 | ||
| The Integumentary System | 32 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 32 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 33 | ||
| Basal Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma | 33 | ||
| Pressure Ulcers | 34 | ||
| Inflammation and Infection | 34 | ||
| Hypothermia | 35 | ||
| The Musculoskeletal System | 35 | ||
| Bones | 35 | ||
| Vertebrae | 36 | ||
| Joints, Tendons, and Ligaments | 36 | ||
| Muscles | 36 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 37 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 38 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 38 | ||
| Degenerative Joint Disease | 38 | ||
| Osteoarthritis. | 38 | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis. | 39 | ||
| Bursitis. | 39 | ||
| Gouty arthritis. | 39 | ||
| The Respiratory System | 40 | ||
| Upper Respiratory Tract | 40 | ||
| Lower Respiratory Tract | 40 | ||
| Air Exchange (Respiration) | 40 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 40 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 41 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 41 | ||
| Influenza | 41 | ||
| Pneumonia | 42 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 42 | ||
| Lung Cancer | 43 | ||
| The Cardiovascular System | 43 | ||
| Heart | 43 | ||
| Blood Vessels | 43 | ||
| Conduction System | 44 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 44 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 45 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 45 | ||
| Coronary Valve Disease | 45 | ||
| Cardiac Arrhythmias | 45 | ||
| Heart Failure | 45 | ||
| Cardiomegaly | 46 | ||
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 46 | ||
| Occlusive Peripheral Vascular Problems | 46 | ||
| Varicose Veins | 47 | ||
| Aneurysm | 47 | ||
| Hypertensive Disease | 47 | ||
| The Hematopoietic and Lymphatic Systems | 47 | ||
| Blood | 47 | ||
| Erythrocytes | 48 | ||
| Leukocytes | 48 | ||
| Platelets | 48 | ||
| Lymph System | 48 | ||
| Lymph Vessels, Fluid, and Nodes | 48 | ||
| Spleen and Thymus | 48 | ||
| Lymphocytes and Immunity | 48 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 48 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 49 | ||
| Anemia | 49 | ||
| Leukemia | 49 | ||
| The Gastrointestinal System | 49 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 50 | ||
| Tongue | 50 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 50 | ||
| Esophagus | 50 | ||
| Stomach | 50 | ||
| Small Intestine | 50 | ||
| Large Intestine | 50 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 51 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 51 | ||
| Hiatal Hernia | 51 | ||
| Gastritis and Ulcers | 52 | ||
| Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis | 52 | ||
| Cancer | 53 | ||
| Hemorrhoids | 53 | ||
| Rectal Prolapse | 53 | ||
| The Urinary System | 53 | ||
| Kidneys | 53 | ||
| Ureters and Bladder | 53 | ||
| Characteristics of Urine | 54 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 54 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 54 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 54 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 55 | ||
| Chronic Renal Failure | 55 | ||
| The Nervous System | 55 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 55 | ||
| Medulla | 55 | ||
| Pons and Midbrain | 56 | ||
| Cerebellum | 56 | ||
| Hypothalamus | 56 | ||
| Cerebrum | 56 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System | 56 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 56 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 57 | ||
| Parkinson Disease | 57 | ||
| Dementia | 57 | ||
| Alzheimer Disease | 58 | ||
| Alternative treatments for Alzheimer disease. | 59 | ||
| Transient Ischemic Attack | 59 | ||
| Stroke | 59 | ||
| The Special Senses | 60 | ||
| The Eyes | 61 | ||
| Refraction | 61 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 61 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 63 | ||
| Blepharitis | 63 | ||
| Diplopia | 63 | ||
| Cataracts | 63 | ||
| Glaucoma | 63 | ||
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Retinal Detachment | 63 | ||
| The Ears | 64 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 64 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 64 | ||
| Otosclerosis | 64 | ||
| Tinnitus | 65 | ||
| Deafness | 65 | ||
| Ménière Disease | 65 | ||
| Taste and Smell | 65 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 65 | ||
| The Endocrine System | 66 | ||
| Pituitary Gland | 66 | ||
| Thyroid Gland | 66 | ||
| Parathyroid Glands | 66 | ||
| Pancreas | 66 | ||
| Adrenal Glands | 66 | ||
| Ovaries and Testes | 67 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 67 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 68 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 68 | ||
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus. | 68 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 69 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 69 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 69 | ||
| The Reproductive and Genitourinary Systems | 69 | ||
| Female Reproductive Organs | 70 | ||
| Male Reproductive Organs | 70 | ||
| Expected Age-Related Changes | 70 | ||
| Changes in Women | 70 | ||
| Changes in Men | 71 | ||
| Common Disorders Seen with Aging | 71 | ||
| Uterine Prolapse | 71 | ||
| Vaginal Infection | 71 | ||
| Breast Cancer | 71 | ||
| Prostate Cancer | 71 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 71 | ||
| Key Points | 71 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 71 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 71 | ||
| Unit II Basic Skills for Gerontologic Nursing | 73 | ||
| 4 Health Promotion, Health Maintenance, and Home Health Considerations | 73 | ||
| Objectives | 73 | ||
| Key Terms | 73 | ||
| Recommended Health Practices for Older Adults | 74 | ||
| Diet | 74 | ||
| Exercise | 74 | ||
| Tobacco and Alcohol | 74 | ||
| Physical Examinations and Preventive Overall Care | 75 | ||
| Dental Examinations and Preventive Oral Care | 76 | ||
| Maintaining Healthy Attitudes | 77 | ||
| Factors That Affect Health Promotion and Maintenance | 77 | ||
| Religious Beliefs | 78 | ||
| Cultural Beliefs | 78 | ||
| Knowledge and Motivation | 78 | ||
| Mobility | 79 | ||
| Perceptions of Aging | 79 | ||
| Impact of Cognitive and Sensory Changes | 79 | ||
| Impact of Changes Related to Accessibility | 80 | ||
| Home Health | 80 | ||
| Unpaid Caregiver | 80 | ||
| Paid Caregivers | 81 | ||
| Types of Home Services | 81 | ||
| Nursing Process for Ineffective Health Maintenance and Ineffective Health Management | 82 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 82 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 82 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 83 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 83 | ||
| Nursing Process for Noncompliance | 84 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 85 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 85 | ||
| Patient Goals/Outcomes | 85 | ||
| Nursing Interventions | 85 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 86 | ||
| Key Points | 86 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 86 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 86 | ||
| 5 Communicating with Older Adults | 88 | ||
| Objectives | 88 | ||
| Key Terms | 88 | ||
| Information Sharing (Framing the Message) | 88 | ||
| Formal or Therapeutic Communication | 89 | ||
| Informal or Social Communication | 90 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication | 90 | ||
| Symbols | 90 | ||
| Tone of Voice | 91 | ||
| Body Language | 91 | ||
| Space, Distance, and Position | 91 | ||
| Gestures | 91 | ||
| Facial Expressions | 92 | ||
| Eye Contact | 92 | ||
| Pace or Speed of Communication | 92 | ||
| Time and Timing | 92 | ||
| Touch | 93 | ||
| Silence | 93 | ||
| Acceptance, Dignity, and Respect in Communication | 93 | ||
| Barriers to Communication | 94 | ||
| Hearing Impairment | 94 | ||
| Aphasia | 95 | ||
| Dementia | 95 | ||
| Cultural Differences | 96 | ||
| Skills and Techniques | 97 | ||
| Informing | 97 | ||
| Direct Questioning | 97 | ||
| Using Open-Ended Techniques | 97 | ||
| Confronting | 97 | ||
| Communicating with Visitors and Families | 97 | ||
| Delivering Bad News | 98 | ||
| Having Difficult Conversations | 98 | ||
| Improving Communication between Older Adult and Physician | 99 | ||
| Communicating with Physicians | 99 | ||
| Patient Teaching | 100 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 101 | ||
| Key Points | 101 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 101 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 101 | ||
| 6 Maintaining Fluid Balance and Meeting Nutritional Needs | 102 | ||
| Objectives | 102 | ||
| Key Terms | 102 | ||
| Nutrition and Aging | 102 | ||
| Caloric Intake | 102 | ||
| Nutrients | 103 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 104 | ||
| Proteins | 104 | ||
| Fats | 106 | ||
| Vitamins | 106 | ||
| Minerals | 107 | ||
| Functional Foods | 109 | ||
| Water | 109 | ||
| Malnutrition and the Older Adult | 110 | ||
| Factors Affecting Nutrition in Older Adults | 110 | ||
| Social and Cultural Aspects of Nutrition | 112 | ||
| Nursing Process for Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition | 114 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 115 | ||
| Appetite Changes | 115 | ||
| Nutritional Intake | 115 | ||
| Social and Cultural Factors | 116 | ||
| Home Care or Discharge Planning | 116 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 116 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 116 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 116 | ||
| Nursing Process for Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume | 120 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 120 | ||
| Deficient Fluid Volume | 121 | ||
| Excess Fluid Volume | 121 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 122 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 122 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 122 | ||
| Nursing Process for Impaired Swallowing | 124 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 124 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 124 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 124 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 124 | ||
| Nursing Process for Risk for Aspiration | 126 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 126 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 126 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 126 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 126 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 128 | ||
| Key Points | 128 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 128 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 128 | ||
| 7 Medications and Older Adults | 130 | ||
| Objectives | 130 | ||
| Key Terms | 130 | ||
| Risks Related to Drug-Testing Methods | 130 | ||
| Risks Related to the Physiologic Changes of Aging | 131 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | 131 | ||
| Drug Absorption | 131 | ||
| Drug Distribution | 131 | ||
| Drug Metabolism | 132 | ||
| Drug Excretion | 132 | ||
| Pharmacodynamics | 132 | ||
| Polypharmacy | 132 | ||
| Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults | 133 | ||
| Risks Related to Cognitive or Sensory Changes | 134 | ||
| Risks Related to Inadequate Knowledge | 136 | ||
| Risks Related to Financial Factors | 137 | ||
| Medication Administration in an Institutional Setting | 137 | ||
| Nursing Assessment and Medication | 137 | ||
| Medication and the Nursing Care Plan | 139 | ||
| Nursing Interventions Related to Medication Administration | 139 | ||
| Right Resident | 139 | ||
| Right Medication | 139 | ||
| Right Amount | 140 | ||
| Right Dosage Form | 140 | ||
| Right Route | 140 | ||
| Right Time | 142 | ||
| Right Documentation | 142 | ||
| Patient Rights and Medication | 143 | ||
| Self-Medication and Older Adults | 143 | ||
| In an Institutional Setting | 143 | ||
| In the Home | 143 | ||
| Teaching Older Adults About Medications | 144 | ||
| Safety and Nonadherence (Noncompliance) Issues | 144 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 146 | ||
| Key Points | 146 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 146 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 146 | ||
| 8 Health Assessment of Older Adults | 148 | ||
| Objectives | 148 | ||
| Key Terms | 148 | ||
| Health Screening | 148 | ||
| Health Assessments | 149 | ||
| Interviewing Older Adults | 150 | ||
| Preparing the Physical Setting | 150 | ||
| Establishing Rapport | 150 | ||
| Structuring the Interview | 151 | ||
| Obtaining the Health History | 151 | ||
| Physical Assessment of Older Adults | 151 | ||
| Inspection | 152 | ||
| Palpation | 153 | ||
| Auscultation | 153 | ||
| Percussion | 153 | ||
| Measuring Vital Signs in Older Adults | 153 | ||
| Temperature | 153 | ||
| Pulse | 154 | ||
| Respiration | 155 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 155 | ||
| Sensory Assessment of Older Adults | 158 | ||
| Psychosocial Assessment of Older Adults | 158 | ||
| Special Assessments | 159 | ||
| The Minimum Data Set 3.0 | 159 | ||
| Assessment of Condition Change in Older Adults | 161 | ||
| Fulmer SPICES | 161 | ||
| Fancapes | 162 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 164 | ||
| Key Points | 164 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 164 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 164 | ||
| 9 Meeting Safety Needs of Older Adults | 165 | ||
| Objectives | 165 | ||
| Key Terms | 165 | ||
| Internal Risk Factors | 165 | ||
| Falls | 166 | ||
| Fall Prevention | 167 | ||
| Tools to Assess for Falls | 167 | ||
| Specific Strategies to Prevent Falls | 167 | ||
| External Risk Factors | 169 | ||
| Fire Hazards | 169 | ||
| Home Security | 170 | ||
| Vehicular Accidents | 170 | ||
| Thermal Hazards | 172 | ||
| Summary | 174 | ||
| Nursing Process for Risk for Injury | 174 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 174 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 174 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 174 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 174 | ||
| Nursing Process for Hypothermia/Hyperthermia | 177 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 177 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 177 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 177 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 177 | ||
| To Prevent Hyperthermia | 178 | ||
| To Prevent Hypothermia | 178 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 178 | ||
| Key Points | 178 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 178 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 178 | ||
| Unit III Psychosocial Care of Older Adults | 180 | ||
| 10 Cognition and Perception | 180 | ||
| Objectives | 180 | ||
| Key Terms | 180 | ||
| Normal Cognitive-Perceptual Functioning | 180 | ||
| Cognitive and Intelligence | 181 | ||
| Cognition and Language | 181 | ||
| Nursing Process for Disturbance in Sensory Perception | 182 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 182 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 183 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 183 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 183 | ||
| Nursing Process for Chronic Confusion | 185 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 188 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 189 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 189 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 189 | ||
| Nursing Process for Impaired Verbal Communication | 192 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 194 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 194 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 194 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 194 | ||
| Nursing Process for Pain | 195 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 197 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 197 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 197 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 197 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 199 | ||
| Key Points | 199 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 199 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 199 | ||
| 11 Self-Perception and Self-Concept | 200 | ||
| Objectives | 200 | ||
| Key Terms | 200 | ||
| Normal Self-Perception and Self-Concept | 200 | ||
| Self-Perception/Self-Concept and Aging | 202 | ||
| Depression and Aging | 203 | ||
| Suicide and Aging | 203 | ||
| Nursing Process for Disturbed Self-Perception and Self-Concept | 203 | ||
| Assessment | 203 | ||
| Nursing Process for Disturbed Body Image | 204 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 204 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 204 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 204 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 204 | ||
| Nursing Process for Risk for Situational Low Self-Esteem | 205 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 205 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 205 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 205 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 205 | ||
| Nursing Process for Fear | 207 | ||
| Unit IV Physical Care of Older Adults | 269 | ||
| 17 Care of Aging Skin and Mucous Membranes | 269 | ||
| Objectives | 269 | ||
| Key Terms | 269 | ||
| Age-Related Changes in Skin, Hair, and Nails | 269 | ||
| Skin Color | 270 | ||
| Dry Skin | 270 | ||
| Rashes and Irritation | 271 | ||
| Pigmentation | 271 | ||
| Tissue Integrity | 272 | ||
| Pressure Ulcers | 272 | ||
| Amount, Distribution, Appearance, and Consistency of Hair | 272 | ||
| Tissue of the Feet | 275 | ||
| Nails | 275 | ||
| Other Common Foot Problems | 276 | ||
| Nursing Process for Impaired Skin Integrity | 276 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 276 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 276 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 276 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 276 | ||
| Age-Related Changes in Oral Mucous Membranes | 282 | ||
| Dental Caries | 282 | ||
| Periodontal Disease | 283 | ||
| Pain | 283 | ||
| Dentures | 283 | ||
| Dry Mouth | 283 | ||
| Leukoplakia | 284 | ||
| Cancer | 284 | ||
| Disorders Caused by Vitamin Deficiencies | 284 | ||
| Suprainfections | 284 | ||
| Alcohol and Tobacco-Related Problems | 284 | ||
| Problems Caused by Neurologic Conditions | 284 | ||
| Nursing Process for Impaired Oral Mucous Membrane | 285 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 285 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 285 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 285 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 285 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 288 | ||
| Key Points | 288 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 288 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 288 | ||
| 18 Elimination | 289 | ||
| Objectives | 289 | ||
| Key Terms | 289 | ||
| Normal Elimination Patterns | 289 | ||
| Elimination and Aging | 289 | ||
| Constipation | 290 | ||
| Fecal Impaction | 291 | ||
| Nursing Process for Constipation | 291 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 291 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 292 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 292 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 292 | ||
| Diarrhea | 294 | ||
| Nursing Process for Diarrhea | 294 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 294 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 294 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 294 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 294 | ||
| Bowel Incontinence | 296 | ||
| Nursing Process for Bowel Incontinence | 296 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 296 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 296 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 296 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 296 | ||
| Urinary Retention | 297 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 297 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 297 | ||
| Stress Urinary Incontinence | 298 | ||
| Urge Urinary Incontinence | 298 | ||
| Reflex Urinary Incontinence | 298 | ||
| Overflow Urinary Incontinence | 298 | ||
| Functional Urinary Incontinence | 298 | ||
| Mixed urinary incontinence. | 299 | ||
| Nursing Process for Impaired Urinary Elimination | 299 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 299 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 299 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 299 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 299 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 304 | ||
| Key Points | 304 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 304 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 304 | ||
| 19 Activity and Exercise | 305 | ||
| Objectives | 305 | ||
| Key Terms | 305 | ||
| Normal Activity Patterns | 305 | ||
| Activity and Aging | 306 | ||
| Exercise Recommendation for Older Adults | 306 | ||
| Effects of Disease Processes on Activity | 308 | ||
| Nursing Process for Impaired Physical Mobility | 309 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 309 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 309 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 309 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 309 | ||
| Nursing Process for Activity Intolerance | 315 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 315 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 315 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 315 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 315 | ||
| Nursing Process for Problems of Oxygenation | 317 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 317 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 317 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 318 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 318 | ||
| Nursing Process for Self-Care Deficits | 321 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 321 | ||
| Nursing Diagnoses | 321 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 321 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 321 | ||
| Nursing Process for Deficient Diversional Activity | 323 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 323 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 325 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 325 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 325 | ||
| Rehabilitation | 327 | ||
| Negative Attitudes: The Controlling or Custodial Focus | 327 | ||
| Positive Attitudes: The Rehabilitative Focus | 328 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 330 | ||
| Key Points | 330 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 330 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 330 | ||
| 20 Sleep and Rest | 331 | ||
| Objectives | 331 | ||
| Key Terms | 331 | ||
| Sleep-Rest Health Pattern | 331 | ||
| Normal Sleep and Rest | 331 | ||
| Sleep and Aging | 332 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 333 | ||
| Insomnia | 333 | ||
| Sleep Apnea | 334 | ||
| Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders | 335 | ||
| REM Sleep-Behavior Disorder | 336 | ||
| Nursing Process for Disturbed Sleep Pattern | 336 | ||
| Assessment/Data Collection | 336 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 336 | ||
| Nursing Goals/Outcomes Identification | 336 | ||
| Nursing Interventions/Implementation | 336 | ||
| Get Ready for the NCLEX® Examination! | 339 | ||
| Key Points | 339 | ||
| Additional Learning Resources | 339 | ||
| Review Questions for the NCLEX® Examination | 339 | ||
| appendix A Laboratory Values for Older Adults | 341 | ||
| appendix B The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) | 345 | ||
| Geriatric Depression Scale | 345 | ||
| appendix C Dietary Information for Older Adults | 346 | ||
| appendix D Resources for Older Adults | 348 | ||
| Organizations | 348 | ||
| Aging Associations and Societies | 348 | ||
| Gerontology Centers/Education Centers/Institutes | 349 | ||
| Statistics and Government Sites | 349 | ||
| Journals/Periodicals | 349 | ||
| Educational Resources | 349 | ||
| Information on Exercise | 349 | ||
| References | 350 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 350 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 350 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 350 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 350 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 350 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 351 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 351 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 351 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 351 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 352 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 352 | ||
| Bibliography | 353 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 353 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 355 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 355 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 356 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 356 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 357 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 357 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 358 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 358 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 359 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 360 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 360 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 360 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 361 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 361 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 361 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 361 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 362 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 362 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 363 | ||
| Glossary | 364 | ||
| A | 364 | ||
| B | 364 | ||
| C | 364 | ||
| D | 365 | ||
| E | 365 | ||
| F | 365 | ||
| G | 365 | ||
| H | 366 | ||
| I | 366 | ||
| L | 366 | ||
| M | 366 | ||
| N | 367 | ||
| O | 367 | ||
| P | 367 | ||
| R | 367 | ||
| S | 368 | ||
| T | 368 | ||
| V | 368 | ||
| X | 368 | ||
| Index | 369 | ||
| A | 369 | ||
| B | 370 | ||
| C | 370 | ||
| D | 371 | ||
| E | 372 | ||
| F | 373 | ||
| G | 374 | ||
| H | 374 | ||
| I | 375 | ||
| J | 375 | ||
| K | 375 | ||
| L | 375 | ||
| M | 376 | ||
| N | 376 | ||
| O | 377 | ||
| P | 377 | ||
| Q | 378 | ||
| R | 378 | ||
| S | 379 | ||
| T | 380 | ||
| U | 381 | ||
| V | 381 | ||
| W | 381 | ||
| X | 382 | ||
| Y | 382 | ||
| Z | 382 |