BOOK
Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology Textbook - E-Book
Victoria Aspinall | Melanie Cappello
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
A sound knowledge of anatomy and physiology is an essential basis for the effective clinical treatment of companion animals. The new third edition Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology Textbook offers clear and comprehensive of the common companion animal species. Updated throughout with a new section added on large companion animals, the new edition features augmented online learning resources with new questions and quizzes. Students can test their knowledge with multi-choice questions, drag and drop exercises and an image bank, while instructors can download questions, figures and exercises to use as teaching aids.
- An essential first purchase for all those embarking upon a veterinary career
- Includes augmented on-line resources with self-assessment tools and teaching aids
- Comprehensive coverage of all major companion animal species
- New large animal section added covering the cow, sheep and pig
- 'Applied Anatomy' tips relate theory to clinical practice, showing the relationship between anatomy and physiology and the disease process
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| INTRODUCTION TO Veterinary Anatomy AND Physiology TEXTBOOK | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| About the authors | ix | ||
| Acknowledgements | ix | ||
| Section 1: The dog and cat | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Principles of cell biology | 3 | ||
| Animal classification | 3 | ||
| Anatomical definitions | 4 | ||
| The basic plan of the body | 5 | ||
| Structural systems | 5 | ||
| Coordinating systems | 5 | ||
| Visceral systems | 5 | ||
| The mammalian cell | 5 | ||
| Cell structure and function | 5 | ||
| Cell membrane | 5 | ||
| Cytoplasm | 6 | ||
| Nucleus | 6 | ||
| Organelles | 6 | ||
| Cell division | 8 | ||
| Mitosis | 8 | ||
| Meiosis | 9 | ||
| The chemistry of the body | 11 | ||
| Water content of the body | 11 | ||
| Diffusion | 11 | ||
| Osmosis | 11 | ||
| Fluid balance | 12 | ||
| Inorganic compounds | 13 | ||
| Minerals | 13 | ||
| Acids and bases | 13 | ||
| Organic compounds | 13 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 13 | ||
| Lipids | 13 | ||
| Proteins | 14 | ||
| Chemical reactions in the body | 15 | ||
| Chapter 2: Tissues and body cavities | 17 | ||
| Body tissues | 17 | ||
| Epithelial tissue | 17 | ||
| Glands | 18 | ||
| Connective tissue | 19 | ||
| Blood | 20 | ||
| Haemopoietic tissue | 20 | ||
| Areolar tissue | 20 | ||
| Adipose tissue | 20 | ||
| Dense connective tissue | 20 | ||
| Cartilage | 21 | ||
| Bone | 23 | ||
| Muscle tissue | 23 | ||
| Skeletal or striated muscle | 23 | ||
| Smooth muscle | 24 | ||
| Cardiac muscle | 24 | ||
| Nervous tissue | 26 | ||
| The body cavities | 26 | ||
| The thoracic cavity | 27 | ||
| The abdominal cavity | 29 | ||
| The pelvic cavity | 29 | ||
| Chapter 3: Skeletal system | 31 | ||
| Bone structure and function | 31 | ||
| Bone shape | 31 | ||
| Development of bone | 31 | ||
| Endochondral ossification | 32 | ||
| The skeleton | 32 | ||
| The axial skeleton | 33 | ||
| The skull | 33 | ||
| Cranium | 33 | ||
| Nasal chambers | 34 | ||
| Mandible | 34 | ||
| Hyoid apparatus | 35 | ||
| Skull shapes | 35 | ||
| The vertebrae | 35 | ||
| Basic plan of a vertebra | 35 | ||
| Regional variations | 37 | ||
| The ribs and sternum | 38 | ||
| The appendicular skeleton | 39 | ||
| Bones of the forelimb | 39 | ||
| Bones of the hind limb | 40 | ||
| Splanchnic skeleton | 43 | ||
| Joints | 44 | ||
| Fibrous joints | 44 | ||
| Cartilaginous joints | 44 | ||
| Synovial joints | 44 | ||
| Chapter 4: Muscular system | 47 | ||
| Muscle structure and function | 47 | ||
| Contraction | 47 | ||
| Muscle tone | 47 | ||
| Anatomy of a muscle | 48 | ||
| The skeletal muscles | 49 | ||
| Muscles of the head | 49 | ||
| Muscles of facial expression | 49 | ||
| Muscles of mastication | 49 | ||
| Muscles of the eye | 49 | ||
| Other muscles of the head include: | 50 | ||
| Muscles of the trunk | 50 | ||
| Muscles of the vertebral column | 50 | ||
| Muscles of the thorax | 50 | ||
| The diaphragm | 50 | ||
| Abdominal muscles | 51 | ||
| Muscles of the forelimb | 51 | ||
| Extrinsic group | 51 | ||
| Intrinsic group | 52 | ||
| Elbow region | 52 | ||
| Carpus and digits | 52 | ||
| Muscles of the hind limb | 53 | ||
| Muscles of the thigh | 53 | ||
| Muscles of the lower hind limb | 54 | ||
| Muscles of the hock and digits | 54 | ||
| Chapter 5: Nervous system and special senses | 55 | ||
| Nervous tissue | 55 | ||
| Neuron structure | 55 | ||
| Synapses | 56 | ||
| Generation of a nerve impulse | 56 | ||
| Classification of nerves | 57 | ||
| The central nervous system | 58 | ||
| The brain | 58 | ||
| Forebrain | 58 | ||
| Midbrain | 59 | ||
| Hindbrain | 59 | ||
| Protection of the brain | 59 | ||
| Cranium | 59 | ||
| Ventricular system | 59 | ||
| Meninges | 60 | ||
| Blood-brain barrier | 60 | ||
| The spinal cord | 60 | ||
| The peripheral nervous system | 60 | ||
| Cranial nerves | 61 | ||
| Spinal nerves | 62 | ||
| Examples of major peripheral nerve pathways within the limbs | 62 | ||
| Pectoral limb | 62 | ||
| Pelvic limb | 63 | ||
| Reflex arcs | 63 | ||
| Autonomic nervous system | 63 | ||
| Special senses | 64 | ||
| Taste buds: taste | 65 | ||
| Nasal mucosa: smell | 65 | ||
| The eye and sight | 66 | ||
| The eyeball | 66 | ||
| Sclera | 66 | ||
| Uvea | 66 | ||
| Retina | 67 | ||
| The extrinsic muscles | 67 | ||
| The eyelids | 68 | ||
| Formation of an image | 68 | ||
| The ear: hearing and balance | 69 | ||
| The external ear | 69 | ||
| The middle ear | 69 | ||
| The inner ear | 70 | ||
| Chapter 6: Endocrine system | 73 | ||
| Basic functions and hormones | 73 | ||
| Endocrine glands | 73 | ||
| Pituitary gland | 73 | ||
| Anterior pituitary gland | 74 | ||
| Posterior pituitary gland | 74 | ||
| Thyroid glands | 74 | ||
| Parathyroid glands | 75 | ||
| Pancreas | 76 | ||
| The ovary | 76 | ||
| The testis | 77 | ||
| Adrenal glands | 77 | ||
| Adrenal cortex | 77 | ||
| Adrenal medulla | 78 | ||
| Chapter 7: Blood vascular system | 79 | ||
| Blood | 79 | ||
| Functions | 79 | ||
| Transport | 79 | ||
| Regulation | 79 | ||
| Composition of blood | 80 | ||
| Plasma | 80 | ||
| Blood cells | 81 | ||
| Erythrocytes | 81 | ||
| Leucocytes | 81 | ||
| Granulocytes | 82 | ||
| Agranulocytes | 82 | ||
| Thrombocytes | 82 | ||
| Blood clotting | 82 | ||
| The heart | 83 | ||
| Heart valves | 84 | ||
| Circulation of blood through the heart | 84 | ||
| The conduction system of the heart | 84 | ||
| Circulatory system | 85 | ||
| Blood vessels | 85 | ||
| Arteries | 85 | ||
| Capillaries | 86 | ||
| Veins | 86 | ||
| The systemic circulation | 86 | ||
| Arterial circulation | 86 | ||
| Venous circulation | 86 | ||
| The hepatic portal system | 88 | ||
| Fetal circulation | 88 | ||
| The pulmonary circulation | 88 | ||
| The lymphatic system | 88 | ||
| Lymphatic capillaries | 88 | ||
| Lymphatic vessels | 89 | ||
| Lymphatic ducts | 89 | ||
| Lymph nodes | 89 | ||
| Lymphatic tissues | 90 | ||
| Spleen | 90 | ||
| Thymus | 90 | ||
| Tonsils | 90 | ||
| The immune system | 90 | ||
| Chapter 8: Respiratory system | 91 | ||
| Structure and function | 91 | ||
| Nose | 91 | ||
| Paranasal sinuses | 92 | ||
| Pharynx | 92 | ||
| Larynx | 93 | ||
| Trachea | 93 | ||
| Bronchi and bronchioles | 93 | ||
| Alveoli | 93 | ||
| Lungs | 95 | ||
| Thoracic cavity | 96 | ||
| The mechanics of respiration | 96 | ||
| Control of respiration | 98 | ||
| Respiratory definitions | 98 | ||
| Chapter 9: Digestive system | 99 | ||
| The oral cavity | 99 | ||
| The tongue | 100 | ||
| The teeth | 100 | ||
| Structure | 100 | ||
| Function | 101 | ||
| Dentition | 101 | ||
| Dental formulae | 101 | ||
| Salivary glands | 101 | ||
| Pharynx | 103 | ||
| Oesophagus | 103 | ||
| The abdominal part of the digestive system | 104 | ||
| Stomach | 104 | ||
| Structure of the stomach wall | 104 | ||
| Gastric emptying | 106 | ||
| Small intestine | 107 | ||
| Structure of the intestinal wall | 107 | ||
| The pancreas | 107 | ||
| The gall bladder | 107 | ||
| Digestion | 108 | ||
| Gastric juice | 109 | ||
| Pancreatic juice | 109 | ||
| Bile salts | 109 | ||
| Intestinal juice | 109 | ||
| Absorption | 109 | ||
| Large intestine | 109 | ||
| Defaecation | 110 | ||
| Composition of faeces | 110 | ||
| The liver | 110 | ||
| Chapter 10: Urinary system | 113 | ||
| The kidney | 113 | ||
| Macroscopic structure | 113 | ||
| Blood supply | 114 | ||
| Microscopic structure | 114 | ||
| Renal function: The formation of urine | 115 | ||
| Glomerulus | 115 | ||
| Proximal convoluted tubule | 116 | ||
| Loop of Henle | 117 | ||
| Distal convoluted tubule | 117 | ||
| Collecting duct | 117 | ||
| Osmoregulation: Control of renal function | 118 | ||
| Control of water loss | 118 | ||
| Control of sodium levels | 119 | ||
| Excretion | 119 | ||
| Other parts of the urinary system | 120 | ||
| The ureters | 120 | ||
| The bladder | 120 | ||
| The urethra | 121 | ||
| Micturition | 121 | ||
| Urinalysis | 121 | ||
| Chapter 11: Reproductive system | 123 | ||
| Male reproductive system | 123 | ||
| The testis | 123 | ||
| Testicular descent | 126 | ||
| Deferent duct | 126 | ||
| The penis | 126 | ||
| The dog | 126 | ||
| The tomcat | 127 | ||
| Accessory glands | 127 | ||
| Female reproductive system | 128 | ||
| The ovary | 128 | ||
| The uterine tube | 128 | ||
| The uterus | 128 | ||
| The cervix | 129 | ||
| Blood supply to the reproductive tract | 129 | ||
| The vagina and vestibule | 130 | ||
| The vulva | 130 | ||
| The mammary glands | 130 | ||
| Lactation | 130 | ||
| Composition of milk | 130 | ||
| The oestrous cycle | 131 | ||
| Ovary and reproductive tract | 131 | ||
| Hormonal changes | 131 | ||
| Behavioural changes and external signs | 132 | ||
| The bitch | 132 | ||
| The queen | 133 | ||
| Embryonic and fetal development | 133 | ||
| Definitions | 133 | ||
| Fertilisation and cell division | 133 | ||
| Implantation | 134 | ||
| Development of the germ cell layers | 134 | ||
| Development of the extra-embryonic membranes | 134 | ||
| Development of the embryo | 134 | ||
| The placenta | 135 | ||
| Fundamental genetics | 136 | ||
| Chromosomes | 136 | ||
| Sex determination | 137 | ||
| Genes | 137 | ||
| Mutations | 138 | ||
| Genetic nomenclature | 138 | ||
| Mendels laws of inheritance | 138 | ||
| Specialised types of gene | 139 | ||
| Sex-linked genes | 139 | ||
| Sex-limited genes | 139 | ||
| Lethal genes | 139 | ||
| Selective breeding | 139 | ||
| Monohybrid crosses | 139 | ||
| Back-crossing to the recessive | 140 | ||
| Dihybrid crosses | 140 | ||
| Breeding strategies | 141 | ||
| Congenital and inherited defects | 141 | ||
| Chapter 12: Common integument | 143 | ||
| The skin | 143 | ||
| Skin structure | 143 | ||
| Epidermis | 144 | ||
| Dermis | 144 | ||
| Hypodermis | 144 | ||
| Skin glands | 145 | ||
| Sebaceous glands | 145 | ||
| Sweat glands | 145 | ||
| Mammary glands | 145 | ||
| Hair | 145 | ||
| Moulting | 145 | ||
| Hair types | 146 | ||
| Footpads | 146 | ||
| Claws | 147 | ||
| Section 2: Comparative anatomy and physiology | 149 | ||
| Chapter 13: Birds | 151 | ||
| Musculoskeletal system | 151 | ||
| Main features | 151 | ||
| Bone structure | 151 | ||
| Skeletal modifications | 151 | ||
| Head | 151 | ||
| Leg and foot | 151 | ||
| Wing | 152 | ||
| Feathers | 153 | ||
| Moulting | 153 | ||
| Flight | 154 | ||
| Special senses | 155 | ||
| Main features | 156 | ||
| Sight | 156 | ||
| Hearing | 156 | ||
| Taste | 156 | ||
| Smell | 156 | ||
| Touch | 157 | ||
| Respiratory system | 157 | ||
| Respiration | 158 | ||
| Circulatory system | 158 | ||
| Main features | 158 | ||
| Heart | 158 | ||
| Circulation | 158 | ||
| Blood | 159 | ||
| Digestive system | 159 | ||
| Main features | 159 | ||
| Oral cavity | 159 | ||
| Oesophagus and crop | 160 | ||
| Stomach | 160 | ||
| Small intestine | 160 | ||
| Large intestine | 161 | ||
| Urinary system | 161 | ||
| Reproductive system | 161 | ||
| Female | 161 | ||
| Male | 163 | ||
| Sexual differentiation | 163 | ||
| Chapter 14: Small exotic mammals | 165 | ||
| The rabbit (Oryctolagus cunniculus) | 165 | ||
| Morphology | 165 | ||
| Musculoskeletal system | 165 | ||
| Digestive system | 166 | ||
| Oral cavity | 167 | ||
| Stomach | 168 | ||
| Small intestine | 168 | ||
| Large intestine | 168 | ||
| Digestion | 169 | ||
| Respiratory system | 169 | ||
| Urinary system | 169 | ||
| Urine | 169 | ||
| Reproductive system | 169 | ||
| Male | 169 | ||
| Female | 169 | ||
| Sexual differentiation | 170 | ||
| Small rodents | 170 | ||
| Myomorph group | 171 | ||
| Morphology | 171 | ||
| Mouse (Mus musculus) | 171 | ||
| Rat (Rattus norvegicus) | 171 | ||
| Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) | 171 | ||
| Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) | 171 | ||
| Digestive system of myomorphs | 172 | ||
| Dentition | 172 | ||
| Digestive tract | 172 | ||
| Reproductive system of myomorphs | 172 | ||
| Male | 172 | ||
| Female | 172 | ||
| Sexual differentiation of myomorphs | 172 | ||
| Sciuromorph group | 173 | ||
| Chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus) | 173 | ||
| References and recommended sources of further information | 243 | ||
| References | 243 | ||
| Web references | 244 | ||
| Further information | 244 | ||
| Appendix 1: Introduction to anatomical terminology | 245 | ||
| Appendix 2: Multiple choice questions and answers | 247 | ||
| Section1. The dog and cat | 247 | ||
| 1. Principles of cell biology | 247 | ||
| 2. The tissues and body cavities | 247 | ||
| 3. The skeletal system | 248 | ||
| 4. The muscular system | 249 | ||
| 5. The nervous system and special senses | 249 | ||
| 6. The endocrine system | 250 | ||
| 7. The blood vascular system | 250 | ||
| 8. The respiratory system | 251 | ||
| 9. The digestive system | 252 | ||
| 10. The urinary system | 252 | ||
| 11. The reproductive system | 253 | ||
| 12. The common integument | 254 | ||
| Section2. Comparative Anatomy and Physiology | 254 | ||
| 13. Birds | 254 | ||
| 14. Small mammals | 255 | ||
| 15. Reptiles and fish | 255 | ||
| 16. The horse | 256 | ||
| 17. Farm animals | 257 | ||
| Multiple choice answers | 258 | ||
| Index | 261 |