Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
With an illustrated, storyboard format for procedures, Phlebotomy: Worktext and Procedures Manual, 4th Edition describes all aspects of phlebotomy, with current coverage of equipment, safety procedures, arterial blood gases, point-of-care testing, and practical phlebotomy skills. Procedures cover core functions and are outlined with step-by-step instructions and new full-color photos. Clinical scenarios, practice tips, and new Avoid That Error features keep the focus on application and practice. Written by phlebotomy expert Robin Warekois, this practical worktext also includes competency checklists, a mock certification exam, a detachable bookmark that can serve as a tube guide, and a new video collection on the Evolve companion website.
- A detailed, storyboard format outlines common procedures, with steps accompanied by new full-color photos.
- Study and certification exam preparation questions in each chapter help you review and remember the material.
- A mock certification exam in the appendix mirrors the format of the actual phlebotomy certification exam, allowing you to review for the exam with 150 multiple-choice questions.
- Competency Checklists at the end of the book summarize the most critical and important steps in phlebotomy procedures.
- Clinical scenarios and tips encourage you apply your knowledge to real-life challenges in the workplace.
- Student resources on an Evolve companion website include a pre-test, animations, a new procedural video collection, interactive exercises, a mock certification exam, and an audio glossary.
- An anatomy and physiology section offers illustrated, in-depth information on body systems.
- A perforated bookmark on the back cover serves as a quick, portable reminder of which stopper tops to use for various diagnostic tests.
- Flashbacks and Flashforwards provide a cross reference to related information in previous or upcoming chapters.
- NEW video collection on the Evolve companion website demonstrates how critical procedures are performed.
- NEW photos have been added, in addition to new content on professionalism and HIPAA, equipment, and technology.
- NEW! Avoid That Error scenarios help you develop critical thinking skills and provide helpful tips on resolving problematic situations.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Inside front cover | i | ||
| Phlebotomy worktext and procedures manual | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | vi | ||
| Acknowledgments | vii | ||
| Preface | viii | ||
| Who will benefit from this book? | viii | ||
| Why is this book important to the profession? | viii | ||
| Organization | viii | ||
| Distinctive features and learning AIDS | viii | ||
| New to this edition | x | ||
| Ancillaries | x | ||
| For the instructor | x | ||
| Teach | x | ||
| Evolve website | xi | ||
| For the student | xi | ||
| Procedure photo credits | xii | ||
| Icons used in this book | xiii | ||
| Table of contents | xv | ||
| I Introduction to Phlebotomy | 1 | ||
| 1 introduction to phlebotomy | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key terms | 1 | ||
| Abbreviations | 1 | ||
| What is phlebotomy? | 2 | ||
| Modern phlebotomy | 2 | ||
| Job skills | 3 | ||
| Job duties | 3 | ||
| Personal characteristics | 3 | ||
| Dependability | 4 | ||
| Honesty and integrity | 4 | ||
| Positive attitude | 4 | ||
| Empathy and compassion | 4 | ||
| Professional detachment | 4 | ||
| Professional appearance | 4 | ||
| Interpersonal skills | 4 | ||
| Telephone skills | 5 | ||
| Professional organizations and standards | 5 | ||
| Accreditation | 6 | ||
| Certification | 6 | ||
| State licensure | 6 | ||
| California | 6 | ||
| Louisiana | 6 | ||
| Nevada | 8 | ||
| Washington | 8 | ||
| Continuing education | 8 | ||
| Legal issues in phlebotomy | 8 | ||
| Informed consent | 8 | ||
| Confidentiality | 9 | ||
| Health insurance portability and accountability act | 9 | ||
| Review for certification | 9 | ||
| Study questions | 10 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 10 | ||
| Bibliography | 10 | ||
| 2 health care structure | 12 | ||
| Objectives | 12 | ||
| Key terms | 13 | ||
| Abbreviations | 13 | ||
| Hospital organization | 14 | ||
| Fiscal and information services | 15 | ||
| Support services | 15 | ||
| Nursing services | 15 | ||
| Professional services | 15 | ||
| Cardiac catheterization | 15 | ||
| Clinical laboratory | 15 | ||
| Nuclear medicine | 15 | ||
| Occupational therapy | 15 | ||
| Pharmacy | 15 | ||
| Physical therapy | 15 | ||
| Radiation therapy | 15 | ||
| Radiology or medical imaging | 15 | ||
| Respiratory therapy | 16 | ||
| Introduction to the clinical laboratory | 16 | ||
| Personnel | 16 | ||
| Anatomic and surgical pathology area | 16 | ||
| Cytogenetics | 16 | ||
| Cytopathology | 16 | ||
| Histology | 16 | ||
| Clinical pathology area | 16 | ||
| Functions of the clinical pathology laboratory departments | 16 | ||
| Blood bank or immunohematology | 16 | ||
| Chemistry | 17 | ||
| Specimen processing | 18 | ||
| Coagulation and hemostasis | 19 | ||
| Hematology | 19 | ||
| Microbiology | 21 | ||
| Molecular diagnostics | 21 | ||
| Serology or immunology | 21 | ||
| Urinalysis and clinical microscopy | 21 | ||
| Phlebotomy | 22 | ||
| Referrals | 22 | ||
| Standards and accreditation for the clinical laboratory | 22 | ||
| Other health care settings | 23 | ||
| Review for certification | 23 | ||
| Study questions | 24 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 24 | ||
| Bibliography | 24 | ||
| 3 safety | 26 | ||
| Objectives | 26 | ||
| Key terms | 26 | ||
| Abbreviations | 26 | ||
| Occupational safety and health administration | 27 | ||
| Types of safety hazards | 27 | ||
| Physical hazards | 28 | ||
| Sharps hazards | 28 | ||
| Chemical hazards | 29 | ||
| Identification of chemicals | 29 | ||
| Reducing risk | 31 | ||
| When accidents happen | 31 | ||
| Radioactive hazards | 32 | ||
| Electrical hazards | 32 | ||
| Emergency response to electric shock | 32 | ||
| Fire and explosive hazards | 32 | ||
| Classes of fire | 33 | ||
| Magnetic resonance imaging hazards | 33 | ||
| Emergency first-aid procedures | 33 | ||
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 34 | ||
| Bleeding aid | 34 | ||
| First aid for shock | 34 | ||
| Disaster emergency plan | 34 | ||
| Sensitivity to latex and other materials | 34 | ||
| Preventing latex reactions | 35 | ||
| Review for certification | 35 | ||
| Study questions | 35 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 36 | ||
| Bibliography | 36 | ||
| 4 Infection control | 38 | ||
| Objectives | 38 | ||
| Key terms | 38 | ||
| Abbreviations | 38 | ||
| Infection | 39 | ||
| Bloodborne pathogens | 39 | ||
| Contact with bloodborne pathogens | 39 | ||
| Viral survival | 40 | ||
| Chain of infection | 41 | ||
| Means of transmission | 41 | ||
| Contact transmission | 41 | ||
| Droplet transmission | 41 | ||
| Airborne transmission | 42 | ||
| Common vehicle transmission | 42 | ||
| Vector transmission | 42 | ||
| Breaking the chain of infection | 42 | ||
| Hand hygiene | 43 | ||
| Personal protective equipment | 43 | ||
| Putting on and removing personal protective equipment | 46 | ||
| Standard precautions | 46 | ||
| Occupational safety and health administration’s bloodborne pathogens standard | 46 | ||
| Isolation control measures | 50 | ||
| Airborne precautions | 50 | ||
| Droplet precautions | 51 | ||
| Contact precautions | 51 | ||
| Cleaning up a spill | 52 | ||
| Review for certification | 52 | ||
| Study questions | 53 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 53 | ||
| Bibliography | 53 | ||
| II Phlebotomy Basics | 55 | ||
| 5 medical terminology | 55 | ||
| Objectives | 55 | ||
| Key terms | 55 | ||
| How to use this chapter | 55 | ||
| Parts of a word | 55 | ||
| Abbreviations | 57 | ||
| Review for certification | 58 | ||
| Study questions | 61 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 63 | ||
| Bibliography | 63 | ||
| 6 human anatomy and physiology | 65 | ||
| Objectives | 65 | ||
| Key terms | 66 | ||
| Abbreviations | 66 | ||
| Levels of organization | 67 | ||
| Cells | 67 | ||
| Nucleus | 67 | ||
| Mitochondria | 68 | ||
| Cytoplasm | 68 | ||
| Plasma membrane | 68 | ||
| Tissues | 68 | ||
| Epithelial tissue | 68 | ||
| Muscle tissue | 69 | ||
| Nerve tissue | 69 | ||
| Connective tissue | 69 | ||
| Organs | 70 | ||
| Body systems | 70 | ||
| Anatomic terminology | 71 | ||
| Directional terms | 72 | ||
| Body planes | 72 | ||
| Body cavities | 72 | ||
| Ventral cavity subdivisions | 72 | ||
| Dorsal cavity subdivisions | 72 | ||
| Skeletal system | 73 | ||
| Features of bone | 73 | ||
| Features of joints | 74 | ||
| Bone and joint disorders | 74 | ||
| Muscular system | 74 | ||
| Features of skeletal muscle | 74 | ||
| Disorders of skeletal muscle | 76 | ||
| Integumentary system | 76 | ||
| Features of the integumentary system | 76 | ||
| Disorders of the integumentary system | 76 | ||
| Nervous systems | 76 | ||
| Peripheral nervous system | 77 | ||
| Motor system | 78 | ||
| Central nervous system | 79 | ||
| Disorders of the nervous systems | 79 | ||
| Digestive system | 80 | ||
| The digestion process | 80 | ||
| Mouth to stomach | 80 | ||
| Small intestine | 81 | ||
| Large intestine and elimination | 81 | ||
| Liver | 81 | ||
| Disorders of the digestive system | 82 | ||
| Urinary system | 82 | ||
| Kidneys | 83 | ||
| Disorders of the urinary system | 84 | ||
| Respiratory system | 84 | ||
| Features of the respiratory system | 84 | ||
| External respiration | 84 | ||
| Internal respiration | 84 | ||
| Disorders of the respiratory system | 85 | ||
| Endocrine system | 85 | ||
| Hormones | 87 | ||
| Endocrine glands | 87 | ||
| Pituitary gland | 87 | ||
| Thyroid gland | 87 | ||
| Parathyroid gland | 87 | ||
| Thymus gland | 87 | ||
| Pancreas | 87 | ||
| Adrenal glands | 87 | ||
| Gonads | 88 | ||
| Disorders of the endocrine system | 88 | ||
| Reproductive systems | 88 | ||
| Male reproductive system | 88 | ||
| Female reproductive system | 89 | ||
| Disorders of the reproductive systems | 90 | ||
| Review for certification | 90 | ||
| Study questions | 93 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 93 | ||
| Bibliography | 93 | ||
| 7 circulatory, lymphatic, and immune systems | 95 | ||
| Objectives | 95 | ||
| Key terms | 95 | ||
| Abbreviations | 95 | ||
| Circulatory system | 96 | ||
| Heart | 96 | ||
| Circulation through the heart | 97 | ||
| Contraction of the heart and blood pressure | 99 | ||
| Blood vessels | 99 | ||
| Arteries | 99 | ||
| Capillaries | 100 | ||
| Veins | 101 | ||
| Circulatory anatomy of the antecubital fossa | 101 | ||
| Blood | 103 | ||
| Plasma | 103 | ||
| Serum | 104 | ||
| Formed elements | 104 | ||
| Red blood cells | 104 | ||
| White blood cells | 104 | ||
| Platelets | 106 | ||
| Hemostasis | 106 | ||
| Vascular phase | 106 | ||
| Platelet phase | 106 | ||
| Coagulation phase | 106 | ||
| Fibrinolysis | 107 | ||
| Blood disorders | 107 | ||
| Lymphatic system | 107 | ||
| Lymphatic vessels | 108 | ||
| Lymph organs | 109 | ||
| Lymphatic system disorders | 109 | ||
| Immune system | 109 | ||
| Nonspecific immunity | 109 | ||
| Specific immunity | 110 | ||
| Immune system disorders | 110 | ||
| Review for certification | 110 | ||
| Study questions | 111 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 112 | ||
| Bibliography | 112 | ||
| III Specimen Collection | 113 | ||
| 8 venipuncture equipment | 113 | ||
| Objectives | 113 | ||
| Key terms | 114 | ||
| Abbreviations | 114 | ||
| Phlebotomy equipment | 114 | ||
| Organizing and transporting equipment | 114 | ||
| Locating veins | 115 | ||
| Cleaning the puncture site | 116 | ||
| Protecting the puncture site | 116 | ||
| Needles | 116 | ||
| Features of needles | 116 | ||
| Point | 117 | ||
| Bevel | 117 | ||
| Shaft | 117 | ||
| Hub | 117 | ||
| Multisample needles | 117 | ||
| Safety syringes and safety syringe needles | 117 | ||
| Winged infusion sets or butterflies | 118 | ||
| Needle safety | 118 | ||
| Needle adapters | 118 | ||
| Evacuated collection tubes | 119 | ||
| Types of blood specimens | 120 | ||
| Tube additives | 120 | ||
| Anticoagulants | 120 | ||
| Clot activators | 121 | ||
| Polymer gel | 121 | ||
| Color-coded tops**Colored tube tops are courtesy and © Becton, Dickinson and Company. | 121 | ||
| Yellow, sterile | 121 | ||
| Light blue | 121 | ||
| Red, plastic or glass tube | 121 | ||
| Lavender | 121 | ||
| Pearl | 122 | ||
| Gold bd hemogard closure or red-gray | 122 | ||
| Gray | 122 | ||
| Black | 122 | ||
| Green | 122 | ||
| Light green or green–gray | 122 | ||
| Orange bd hemogard closure or yellow–gray | 122 | ||
| Royal blue | 122 | ||
| Tan | 123 | ||
| Yellow, nonsterile | 123 | ||
| Pink | 123 | ||
| Order of draw | 123 | ||
| Needle disposal containers | 124 | ||
| Review for certification | 124 | ||
| Study questions | 125 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 126 | ||
| Bibliography | 126 | ||
| 9 routine venipuncture | 128 | ||
| Objectives | 128 | ||
| Key terms | 128 | ||
| Abbreviations | 128 | ||
| Requisitions | 129 | ||
| Advance beneficiary notice of noncoverage | 131 | ||
| Patient identification | 131 | ||
| Routine venipuncture | 132 | ||
| Routine venipuncture with a syringe | 144 | ||
| Review for certification | 144 | ||
| Study questions | 149 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 149 | ||
| Bibliography | 149 | ||
| 10 capillary collection | 151 | ||
| Objectives | 151 | ||
| Key terms | 151 | ||
| Abbreviations | 151 | ||
| Reasons for performing capillary collection | 152 | ||
| Differences between venous and capillary blood | 153 | ||
| Equipment for capillary collection | 153 | ||
| Skin puncture devices | 153 | ||
| Microsample containers | 154 | ||
| Additional supplies | 154 | ||
| Site selection | 155 | ||
| General considerations | 155 | ||
| Puncture depth and width | 155 | ||
| Capillary collection sites for adults and older children | 155 | ||
| Capillary collection sites for infants | 156 | ||
| Capillary collection | 156 | ||
| Other uses of capillary puncture | 160 | ||
| Bleeding time test | 160 | ||
| Results and complications | 160 | ||
| Review for certification | 160 | ||
| Study questions | 164 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 164 | ||
| Bibliography | 164 | ||
| 11 venipuncture complications | 166 | ||
| Objectives | 166 | ||
| Key terms | 167 | ||
| Abbreviations | 167 | ||
| What would you do? | 167 | ||
| Factors that prevent access to the patient | 167 | ||
| Locating the patient | 167 | ||
| Identifying the patient | 167 | ||
| Barriers to communicating with the patient | 168 | ||
| Sleeping or unconscious patients | 168 | ||
| Presence of physicians or clergy | 168 | ||
| Presence of visitors | 168 | ||
| Apprehensive patients | 168 | ||
| Language problems | 168 | ||
| Patient refusal | 168 | ||
| Problems in site selection | 169 | ||
| Occluded and sclerosed veins | 169 | ||
| Hematomas | 169 | ||
| Edematous tissue | 169 | ||
| Burns, scars, and tattoos | 169 | ||
| Mastectomies | 169 | ||
| IV sites | 169 | ||
| Other situations | 169 | ||
| Difficulty finding a vein | 169 | ||
| Check the other arm | 169 | ||
| Enhance vein prominence | 169 | ||
| Use a sphygmomanometer/blood pressure cuff | 169 | ||
| Use an alternative site | 169 | ||
| Problems associated with cleaning the site | 170 | ||
| Problems associated with tourniquet application | 170 | ||
| Hemoconcentration | 170 | ||
| Formation of petechiae | 170 | ||
| Tourniquet applied too tightly | 170 | ||
| Latex allergy | 170 | ||
| Complications during collection | 174 | ||
| Changes in patient status | 174 | ||
| Syncope | 174 | ||
| Seizures | 174 | ||
| Nausea and vomiting (emesis) | 174 | ||
| Pain | 174 | ||
| Hematoma | 174 | ||
| Lack of blood flow | 174 | ||
| Defective evacuated tube | 174 | ||
| Improperly positioned needle | 175 | ||
| Collapsed vein | 175 | ||
| Inadvertent puncture of the artery | 176 | ||
| Failure to collect on the first try | 176 | ||
| Problems in completing the procedure | 176 | ||
| Patient requests | 176 | ||
| Prolonged bleeding | 176 | ||
| Factors that affect sample integrity | 176 | ||
| Hemolysis | 176 | ||
| Blood drawn from a hematoma | 176 | ||
| Patient position | 176 | ||
| Reflux of anticoagulant | 177 | ||
| Long-term complications associated with venipuncture | 177 | ||
| Iatrogenic anemia | 177 | ||
| Compartment syndrome | 177 | ||
| Nerve damage | 177 | ||
| Infection | 178 | ||
| Specimen rejection | 178 | ||
| Specimen recollection | 178 | ||
| Review for certification | 178 | ||
| Study questions | 179 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 179 | ||
| Bibliography | 179 | ||
| 12 blood collection in special populations | 181 | ||
| Objectives | 181 | ||
| Key terms | 182 | ||
| Abbreviations | 182 | ||
| What would you do? | 182 | ||
| Pediatric patients | 182 | ||
| Special physiologic considerations | 182 | ||
| Special psychological considerations | 183 | ||
| Involvement of parents and siblings | 184 | ||
| Identification of newborns | 184 | ||
| Supplies | 184 | ||
| Anesthetics | 184 | ||
| Immobilization of infants and children | 184 | ||
| Pediatric dermal puncture | 184 | ||
| Special considerations | 185 | ||
| Special dermal puncture procedures | 185 | ||
| Neonatal bilirubin | 185 | ||
| Collection precautions. | 185 | ||
| Neonatal screening | 186 | ||
| Specimen collection. | 186 | ||
| Venipuncture in newborns | 186 | ||
| Geriatric patients | 188 | ||
| Physical changes | 188 | ||
| Common disorders | 188 | ||
| Mental impairment | 189 | ||
| Special considerations for blood collection | 189 | ||
| Identifying the patient | 189 | ||
| Limiting blood loss and bruising | 189 | ||
| Applying the tourniquet | 189 | ||
| Locating the vein | 189 | ||
| Performing the puncture | 189 | ||
| Patients requiring blood draws for extended periods | 189 | ||
| Special equipment used in the intensive care unit and emergency room | 190 | ||
| Types of vascular access devices | 190 | ||
| Drawing from a vascular access device | 191 | ||
| Working with intravenous lines | 191 | ||
| Review for certification | 191 | ||
| Study questions | 192 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 193 | ||
| Bibliography | 193 | ||
| 13 arterial blood collection | 195 | ||
| Objectives | 195 | ||
| Key terms | 195 | ||
| Abbreviations | 195 | ||
| Composition of arterial blood | 196 | ||
| Arterial blood gas testing | 196 | ||
| Equipment for arterial puncture | 196 | ||
| Heparinized syringe and needle | 196 | ||
| Antiseptic | 197 | ||
| Lidocaine anesthetic | 197 | ||
| Safety equipment | 197 | ||
| Luer tip | 197 | ||
| Other equipment | 197 | ||
| Site selection | 197 | ||
| Arteries used for arterial puncture | 197 | ||
| Testing collateral circulation | 199 | ||
| Radial artery puncture | 199 | ||
| Arterial puncture complications | 199 | ||
| Sampling errors | 199 | ||
| Specimen rejection | 202 | ||
| Capillary blood gas testing | 202 | ||
| Review for certification | 203 | ||
| Study questions | 204 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 204 | ||
| Bibliography | 204 | ||
| 14 special collections and procedures | 206 | ||
| Objectives | 206 | ||
| Key terms | 207 | ||
| Abbreviations | 207 | ||
| What would you do? | 207 | ||
| Fasting specimens and the basal state | 207 | ||
| Timed specimens | 208 | ||
| 2-hour postprandial test | 208 | ||
| Glucose tolerance test | 208 | ||
| Other tolerance tests | 209 | ||
| Diurnal variation | 210 | ||
| Therapeutic drug monitoring | 210 | ||
| Blood cultures | 210 | ||
| Types of collection containers | 211 | ||
| Timing | 211 | ||
| Multiple sites | 211 | ||
| Sample collection | 211 | ||
| Blood donor collection | 213 | ||
| Collection procedure | 213 | ||
| Autologous donation | 213 | ||
| Therapeutic phlebotomy | 213 | ||
| Special specimen handling | 214 | ||
| Cold agglutinins | 214 | ||
| Cryofibrinogen and cryoglobulin | 214 | ||
| Chilled specimens | 214 | ||
| Light-sensitive specimens | 214 | ||
| Time-sensitive specimens | 215 | ||
| Legal and forensic specimens | 215 | ||
| Legal alcohol collection | 215 | ||
| Blood smears | 215 | ||
| Blood smear preparation | 215 | ||
| Malaria smears | 216 | ||
| Review for certification | 217 | ||
| Study questions | 220 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 221 | ||
| Bibliography | 221 | ||
| 15 special nonblood collection procedures | 222 | ||
| Objectives | 222 | ||
| Key terms | 223 | ||
| Abbreviations | 223 | ||
| Urine specimens | 223 | ||
| Why collect a urine specimen? | 223 | ||
| Types of urine specimens | 223 | ||
| Random specimen | 223 | ||
| First morning specimen | 223 | ||
| Timed specimen | 224 | ||
| Collection procedures for urine specimens | 224 | ||
| Pediatric collection | 226 | ||
| Catheter collection | 231 | ||
| Suprapubic aspiration | 231 | ||
| Urine samples for drug testing | 231 | ||
| Fecal specimens | 231 | ||
| Why collect a fecal specimen? | 231 | ||
| Types of fecal specimens | 231 | ||
| Random specimen | 231 | ||
| Occult blood specimen | 231 | ||
| Seventy-two–hour stool specimen | 231 | ||
| Collection procedure for fecal specimens | 231 | ||
| Semen specimens | 231 | ||
| Why collect a semen specimen? | 231 | ||
| Collection procedure for semen specimens | 231 | ||
| Throat specimens | 231 | ||
| Why collect a throat specimen? | 231 | ||
| Collection procedure for throat specimens | 231 | ||
| Nasopharyngeal specimens | 231 | ||
| Why collect a nasopharyngeal specimen? | 231 | ||
| Collection procedure for nasopharyngeal specimens | 231 | ||
| Sweat electrolyte/chloride specimens | 231 | ||
| Why collect a sweat electrolyte/chloride specimen? | 231 | ||
| Collection procedure for sweat electrolyte/chloride specimens | 231 | ||
| Body fluid specimens | 231 | ||
| Cerebrospinal fluid specimens | 231 | ||
| Why collect a cerebrospinal fluid specimen? | 231 | ||
| Collection procedure for cerebrospinal fluid specimens | 231 | ||
| Amniotic fluid specimens | 231 | ||
| Why collect an amniotic fluid specimen? | 231 | ||
| Collection procedure for amniotic fluid specimens | 231 | ||
| Review for certification | 231 | ||
| Study questions | 231 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 231 | ||
| Bibliography | 231 | ||
| IV Specimen Handling | 233 | ||
| 16 Specimen handling, transport, and processing | 233 | ||
| Objectives | 233 | ||
| Key terms | 234 | ||
| Abbreviations | 234 | ||
| General guidelines for specimen transport | 234 | ||
| Time constraints | 234 | ||
| Temperature considerations | 235 | ||
| Keeping specimens warm | 235 | ||
| Keeping specimens cool | 235 | ||
| Keeping specimens at room temperature | 236 | ||
| Protecting specimens from light | 236 | ||
| Transporting samples to the laboratory | 236 | ||
| Processing | 238 | ||
| Safety | 238 | ||
| Central processing | 238 | ||
| Clotting | 238 | ||
| Centrifuging | 238 | ||
| Removing a stopper | 239 | ||
| Preparing aliquots | 240 | ||
| Transport and processing of nonblood specimens | 240 | ||
| Specimen rejection | 240 | ||
| Review for certification | 240 | ||
| Study questions | 241 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 241 | ||
| Bibliography | 241 | ||
| 17 point-of-care testing | 243 | ||
| Objectives | 243 | ||
| Key terms | 243 | ||
| Abbreviations | 243 | ||
| Advantages of point-of-care testing | 244 | ||
| Common tests performed at the point of care | 245 | ||
| Hematology | 245 | ||
| Coagulation | 245 | ||
| Chemistry | 246 | ||
| Cardiac troponin t | 246 | ||
| Lipids | 248 | ||
| Blood gases and electrolytes | 248 | ||
| B-type natriuretic peptide | 248 | ||
| Electrocardiography | 248 | ||
| The cardiac cycle | 248 | ||
| Electrocardiogram equipment | 249 | ||
| Performing an electrocardiogram | 249 | ||
| Other clia-waived tests | 250 | ||
| Occult blood | 250 | ||
| Urinalysis | 250 | ||
| Pregnancy | 251 | ||
| Infectious disease | 252 | ||
| Rapid group a streptococcus | 252 | ||
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 252 | ||
| Influenza a and b | 252 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori | 252 | ||
| Infectious mononucleosis | 252 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 252 | ||
| Review for certification | 252 | ||
| Study questions | 253 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 254 | ||
| Bibliography | 254 | ||
| V Professional Issues | 255 | ||
| 18 quality phlebotomy | 255 | ||
| Objectives | 255 | ||
| Key terms | 256 | ||
| Abbreviations | 256 | ||
| Features of quality phlebotomy | 256 | ||
| Total quality management | 256 | ||
| Quality assurance and quality control | 257 | ||
| Procedure manual | 257 | ||
| Directory of services | 257 | ||
| Monitoring of variables | 257 | ||
| Preanalytic variables | 257 | ||
| Requisition handling | 257 | ||
| Equipment | 258 | ||
| Patient identification | 258 | ||
| Patient preparation and specimen collection | 258 | ||
| Patient preparation | 258 | ||
| Specimen collection | 261 | ||
| Patient’s perception | 262 | ||
| Accidental puncture | 262 | ||
| Transportation | 262 | ||
| Processing | 263 | ||
| Separation times | 263 | ||
| Centrifuge maintenance | 263 | ||
| Evaporation and contamination | 263 | ||
| Refrigerators and freezers | 263 | ||
| Aliquot handling and labeling | 264 | ||
| Analytical variables | 264 | ||
| Postanalytical variables | 264 | ||
| Review for certification | 264 | ||
| Study questions | 265 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 266 | ||
| Bibliography | 266 | ||
| 19 legal issues in phlebotomy | 267 | ||
| Objectives | 267 | ||
| Key terms | 267 | ||
| Why study legal issues? | 268 | ||
| The legal system | 270 | ||
| Laws | 270 | ||
| Settlement and judgment | 271 | ||
| Professional liability | 271 | ||
| Medical malpractice | 272 | ||
| Duty | 272 | ||
| Dereliction | 273 | ||
| Injury | 273 | ||
| Direct cause | 273 | ||
| Other examples of potential malpractice in phlebotomy | 273 | ||
| Defense against malpractice | 273 | ||
| Liability insurance | 274 | ||
| Confidentiality | 274 | ||
| Health insurance portability and accountability act | 274 | ||
| Review for certification | 275 | ||
| Study questions | 275 | ||
| Certification examination preparation | 276 | ||
| Bibliography | 276 | ||
| APPENDIXES | 279 | ||
| APPENDIX A Metric system measurements | 279 | ||
| Volume units | 279 | ||
| Volume conversions | 279 | ||
| Mass units | 279 | ||
| Mass conversions | 279 | ||
| Volume-to-mass conversions | 279 | ||
| Temperature units | 279 | ||
| Temperature conversions | 279 | ||
| APPENDIX B Common englishspanish phrases for phlebotomy | 280 | ||
| General rules of spanish pronunciation | 280 | ||
| APPENDIX C Competency checklists | 282 | ||
| Glossary | 343 | ||
| Index | 353 | ||
| A | 353 | ||
| B | 354 | ||
| C | 354 | ||
| D | 356 | ||
| E | 356 | ||
| F | 356 | ||
| G | 357 | ||
| H | 357 | ||
| I | 357 | ||
| J | 358 | ||
| K | 358 | ||
| L | 358 | ||
| M | 358 | ||
| N | 359 | ||
| O | 359 | ||
| P | 360 | ||
| Q | 360 | ||
| R | 360 | ||
| S | 361 | ||
| T | 362 | ||
| U | 362 | ||
| V | 362 | ||
| W | 363 | ||
| Y | 363 | ||
| Z | 363 |