BOOK
Laboratory Manual for Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians - E-Book
Thomas P. Colville | Joanna M. Bassert
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Learn to apply your A&P learning in the lab setting with Colville and Bassert’s Lab Manual for Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 3rd Edition. This practical laboratory resource features a variety of activities, such as crossword puzzles, , terminology exercises, illustration identification and labeling, case presentations, and more to help reinforce your understanding of veterinary anatomy and physiology. The lab manual also features vivid illustrations, lists of terms and structures to be identified, and step-by-step dissection guides to walk you through the dissection process.
- Clinically-oriented learning exercises help readers become familiar with the language of anatomy and physiology as you identify structures and learn concepts.Â
- Clear step-by-step dissection instructions for complex organs such as the heart familiarize readers with the dissection process in a very visual, easy-to-understand format.
- Learning objectives, the clinical significance of the content, and lists of terms and structures to be identified appear at the beginning of each chapter.Â
- Comprehensive glossary appears at the end of the lab manual and provides accurate, concise.
- High quality, full color illustrations provides a firm understanding of the details of anatomic structure.
- Review activities and study exercises are included in every chapter to reinforce important information.Â
- Clinical Application boxes are threaded throughout the lab manual and demonstrate the clinical relevance of anatomic and physiologic principles.
- Companion Evolve site includes answers to the Test Yourself questions in the textbook and crossword puzzles.
- NEW! Overview at a Glance sections outline the main proficiencies of each chapter and include a list of all exercises in the chapter.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Inside front cover | ii | ||
| Front matter | i | ||
| Laboratory manual for clinical anatomy and physiology for veterinary technicians | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Key features | vii | ||
| Evolve online resources | vii | ||
| Student resources | vii | ||
| Instructor resources | vii | ||
| Table of contents | ix | ||
| 1 Anatomic Terms | 1 | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | 1 | ||
| TERMS TO BE IDENTIFIED | 1 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| ANATOMIC PLANES | 2 | ||
| DIRECTIONAL TERMS | 2 | ||
| LEFT AND RIGHT | 2 | ||
| CRANIAL, CAUDAL, AND ROSTRAL | 2 | ||
| DORSAL AND VENTRAL | 2 | ||
| MEDIAL AND LATERAL | 2 | ||
| DEEP AND SUPERFICIAL | 2 | ||
| PROXIMAL AND DISTAL | 2 | ||
| LIMBS—CRANIAL, CAUDAL, DORSAL, PALMAR, AND PLANTAR SURFACES | 2 | ||
| COMMON REGIONAL TERMS | 3 | ||
| GENERAL BODY POSITION TERMS | 5 | ||
| DORSAL, STERNAL, AND LATERAL RECUMBENCY | 5 | ||
| OBLIQUE POSITIONS | 5 | ||
| DENTAL TERMS | 6 | ||
| DENTAL ARCH, DENTAL ARCADE, QUADRANT | 6 | ||
| INCISOR, CANINE, PREMOLAR, AND MOLAR TEETH | 6 | ||
| CROWN AND ROOT | 7 | ||
| MESIAL AND DISTAL | 7 | ||
| BUCCAL, PALATAL, LABIAL, AND LINGUAL SURFACES | 7 | ||
| CORONAL, APICAL, AND GINGIVAL | 9 | ||
| INCISAL EDGE AND OCCLUSAL SURFACE | 9 | ||
| INTERPROXIMAL SPACES AND SURFACES | 9 | ||
| FURCATION | 9 | ||
| EXCERCISES | 13 | ||
| ANATOMIC, COMMON, AND POSITION TERMS | 13 | ||
| DENTAL TERMS | 19 | ||
| CRITICAL AND CLINICAL THINKING | 21 | ||
| 2 Microscopy | 24 | ||
| Learning objectives | 24 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 25 | ||
| Clinical significance of light microscopy | 25 | ||
| Introduction | 25 | ||
| Materials needed | 25 | ||
| Identification of parts of the microscope | 25 | ||
| Oculars (eyepieces) | 25 | ||
| Objective lenses | 26 | ||
| Degree of magnification | 27 | ||
| Parfocal | 27 | ||
| Resolving power (resolution) | 28 | ||
| Working distance | 28 | ||
| Arm and base | 28 | ||
| Light source | 28 | ||
| Rheostat for light source | 28 | ||
| Condenser | 28 | ||
| Iris (aperture) diaphragm | 28 | ||
| Coarse and fine adjustment | 29 | ||
| Stage and stage brackets or clips | 29 | ||
| Care of the microscope | 29 | ||
| Putting the microscope away | 29 | ||
| Exercises | 30 | ||
| Parts of the microscope | 30 | ||
| Use of the compound microscope | 31 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 36 | ||
| 3 Cell anatomy and physiology | 39 | ||
| Learning objectives | 39 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 40 | ||
| Clinical significance | 40 | ||
| Introduction | 40 | ||
| Reading assignment | 40 | ||
| Materials needed | 40 | ||
| The anatomy of the cell | 40 | ||
| Plasma membrane | 40 | ||
| Nucleus | 42 | ||
| Cytoplasm: Cytosol, cytoskeleton, and organelles | 43 | ||
| Cell division | 47 | ||
| The stages of mitosis | 47 | ||
| Prophase | 47 | ||
| Metaphase | 48 | ||
| Anaphase | 48 | ||
| Telophase | 48 | ||
| Cytokinesis | 49 | ||
| Cell division in sex cells (meiosis) | 49 | ||
| Exercises | 49 | ||
| Cell anatomy | 49 | ||
| Cellular microscopy | 51 | ||
| Fluid therapy | 54 | ||
| Cell division | 55 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 58 | ||
| 4 Exploring tissues | 59 | ||
| Learning objectives | 59 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 60 | ||
| Clinical significance | 60 | ||
| Introduction | 60 | ||
| Reading assignment | 60 | ||
| Materials needed | 60 | ||
| Identification of tissues | 60 | ||
| Exercises | 60 | ||
| Epithelial tissue | 60 | ||
| Connective tissue | 60 | ||
| Muscle tissue | 60 | ||
| Nervous tissue | 65 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 65 | ||
| 5 The integumentary system | 75 | ||
| Learning objectives | 75 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 76 | ||
| Clinical significance | 76 | ||
| Introduction | 76 | ||
| Reading assignment | 76 | ||
| Materials needed | 76 | ||
| The layers of the integument | 76 | ||
| Layers of the epidermis | 77 | ||
| Epidermis of the nose and paw pads | 78 | ||
| Ergots and chestnuts | 79 | ||
| Special features of the integument | 81 | ||
| Identify the structures associated with the dermis | 81 | ||
| Structure of hair | 83 | ||
| Associated structures | 85 | ||
| Structure of canine and feline claws | 85 | ||
| Inspect the retractable nails of the cadaver | 85 | ||
| The equine foot | 85 | ||
| The skeleton | 87 | ||
| The corium | 87 | ||
| The hoof | 87 | ||
| The bovine horn | 87 | ||
| Exercises | 89 | ||
| Layers of the integument | 89 | ||
| Special features of the integument | 91 | ||
| Hair | 92 | ||
| Assorted structures | 94 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 97 | ||
| 6 The skeletal system | 100 | ||
| Learning objectives | 100 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 101 | ||
| Clinical significance | 101 | ||
| Introduction | 101 | ||
| Medical word parts | 101 | ||
| The skeletal system | 102 | ||
| Types of bone | 102 | ||
| Bone shapes | 102 | ||
| Long bones | 102 | ||
| Short bones | 102 | ||
| Flat bones | 102 | ||
| Irregular bones | 104 | ||
| Common bone features (lumps, bumps, grooves, and holes) | 104 | ||
| Articular surfaces | 104 | ||
| Condyles | 104 | ||
| Head | 104 | ||
| Facet | 108 | ||
| Processes | 108 | ||
| Holes and depressed areas | 108 | ||
| The skeleton | 115 | ||
| Axial skeleton | 115 | ||
| Skull | 115 | ||
| External bones of the cranium | 116 | ||
| Occipital bone | 116 | ||
| Interparietal bones | 116 | ||
| Parietal bones | 116 | ||
| Temporal bones | 116 | ||
| Frontal bones | 116 | ||
| External bones of the face | 116 | ||
| Incisive bones | 116 | ||
| Nasal bones | 116 | ||
| Maxillary bones | 116 | ||
| Lacrimal bones | 116 | ||
| Zygomatic bones | 116 | ||
| Mandible | 116 | ||
| Internal bones of the face | 121 | ||
| Turbinates | 121 | ||
| Hyoid bone | 121 | ||
| Spinal column | 121 | ||
| Ribs | 123 | ||
| Sternum | 123 | ||
| Appendicular skeleton | 123 | ||
| Thoracic limb | 123 | ||
| Scapula | 125 | ||
| Humerus | 125 | ||
| Ulna | 125 | ||
| Radius | 125 | ||
| Carpal bones (carpus) | 125 | ||
| Metacarpal bones | 127 | ||
| Phalanges | 127 | ||
| Pelvic limb | 129 | ||
| Pelvis | 129 | ||
| Femur | 129 | ||
| Patella | 129 | ||
| Fabellae | 129 | ||
| Tibia | 129 | ||
| Fibula | 131 | ||
| Tarsal bones (tarsus, hock) | 131 | ||
| Metatarsal bones | 132 | ||
| Phalanges | 132 | ||
| Joints | 133 | ||
| Fibrous joints | 133 | ||
| Cartilaginous joints | 133 | ||
| Synovial joints | 133 | ||
| Suggested in-class activities | 135 | ||
| Bone shapes and features | 135 | ||
| Bone shape and feature identification | 135 | ||
| Bone shape and feature hunt | 135 | ||
| The axial skeleton | 135 | ||
| Skull bone identification | 135 | ||
| Live animal palpation | 135 | ||
| Skull bone hunt | 136 | ||
| Vertebral process identification | 136 | ||
| Axial assembly | 136 | ||
| 7 The muscular system | 151 | ||
| Learning objectives | 151 | ||
| Clinical significance | 151 | ||
| Introduction | 151 | ||
| Materials needed | 152 | ||
| Laboratory I | 152 | ||
| Extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb and related areas | 152 | ||
| Items to be identified | 152 | ||
| Muscles | 152 | ||
| Subcutaneous muscle | 152 | ||
| Extrinsic muscles | 152 | ||
| Muscles of the head and neck | 152 | ||
| Muscles of mastication | 152 | ||
| Terms | 152 | ||
| Getting started | 152 | ||
| Dissection of the musculature | 153 | ||
| Extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb | 155 | ||
| Superficial pectoral muscle | 155 | ||
| Deep pectoral muscle | 155 | ||
| Brachiocephalicus muscle | 155 | ||
| Omotransversarius muscle | 155 | ||
| Trapezius muscle | 155 | ||
| Rhomboideus muscle | 156 | ||
| Latissimus dorsi muscle | 156 | ||
| Serratus ventralis muscle | 156 | ||
| Question | 158 | ||
| Muscles of the neck and head | 158 | ||
| Sternocephalicus muscle | 158 | ||
| Platysma muscle | 158 | ||
| Muscles of mastication | 158 | ||
| Temporalis muscle | 158 | ||
| Masseter muscle | 158 | ||
| Digastricus muscle | 158 | ||
| Mylohyoideus muscle | 158 | ||
| Suggested in-class activity | 161 | ||
| Live animal | 161 | ||
| Laboratory II | 162 | ||
| Intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb | 162 | ||
| Lateral muscles of the scapula and shoulder | 164 | ||
| Deltoideus muscle | 164 | ||
| Infraspinatus muscle | 164 | ||
| Supraspinatus muscle | 164 | ||
| Medial muscles of the shoulder | 165 | ||
| Subscapularis muscle | 165 | ||
| Teres major muscle | 165 | ||
| Cranial muscles of the foreleg | 165 | ||
| Biceps brachii muscle | 165 | ||
| Brachialis muscle | 165 | ||
| Caudal muscles of the foreleg | 165 | ||
| Triceps brachii muscle | 165 | ||
| Craniolateral muscles of the foreleg | 166 | ||
| Brachioradialis muscle | 166 | ||
| Extensor carpi radialis muscle | 166 | ||
| Common digital extensor muscle | 166 | ||
| Lateral digital extensor muscle | 166 | ||
| Extensor carpi ulnaris (formerly ulnaris lateralis) | 166 | ||
| Abductor pollicis longus muscle | 166 | ||
| Caudomedial muscles of the foreleg | 170 | ||
| Flexor carpi radialis muscle | 170 | ||
| Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle | 170 | ||
| Superficial digital flexor muscle | 170 | ||
| Deep digital flexor muscle | 170 | ||
| Muscles of the forefoot (manus) | 176 | ||
| Suggested in-class activity | 176 | ||
| Live animal | 176 | ||
| Laboratory III | 176 | ||
| Muscles of the pelvic limb | 176 | ||
| To be identified | 177 | ||
| Muscles | 177 | ||
| Lateral muscles of the hip | 177 | ||
| Caudal muscles of the thigh | 177 | ||
| Medial muscles of the thigh | 177 | ||
| Cranial muscles of the thigh | 177 | ||
| Craniolateral muscles of the distal hind leg | 177 | ||
| Caudal muscles of the distal hind leg | 178 | ||
| Muscles of the abdominal wall | 178 | ||
| Structures | 178 | ||
| Terms | 178 | ||
| Dissection of the musculature | 179 | ||
| Lateral muscles of the hip | 179 | ||
| Tensor fasciae latae | 179 | ||
| Superficial gluteal muscle | 179 | ||
| Middle gluteal muscle | 179 | ||
| Deep gluteal muscle | 179 | ||
| Caudal muscles of the thigh | 181 | ||
| Biceps femoris muscle | 181 | ||
| Semitendinosus muscle | 181 | ||
| Semimembranosus muscle | 181 | ||
| Medial muscles of the thigh | 184 | ||
| Sartorius muscle | 184 | ||
| Gracilis muscle | 184 | ||
| Pectineus muscle | 184 | ||
| Adductor muscle | 184 | ||
| Cranial muscles of the thigh | 185 | ||
| Quadriceps femoris muscle | 185 | ||
| Craniolateral muscles of the hind leg | 185 | ||
| Cranial tibial muscle | 185 | ||
| Long digital extensor muscle | 185 | ||
| Peroneus longus muscle | 185 | ||
| Caudal muscles of the hind leg | 185 | ||
| Gastrocnemius muscle | 185 | ||
| Superficial digital flexor muscle | 185 | ||
| Deep digital flexor muscle | 185 | ||
| Popliteus muscle | 185 | ||
| Common calcanean tendon | 185 | ||
| Muscles of the rear foot (pes) | 192 | ||
| Muscles of the abdominal wall | 192 | ||
| External abdominal oblique | 192 | ||
| Internal abdominal oblique | 192 | ||
| Transversus abdominis | 192 | ||
| Rectus abdominis | 192 | ||
| Exercises | 195 | ||
| Laboratory I: Extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb and related areas | 195 | ||
| Laboratory II: Intrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb | 195 | ||
| Laboratory III: Muscles of the pelvic limb and abdominal wall | 195 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 205 | ||
| 8 The nervous system | 206 | ||
| Learning objectives | 206 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 207 | ||
| Clinical significance | 207 | ||
| Introduction | 207 | ||
| Medical word parts | 207 | ||
| The brain | 207 | ||
| External structures of the cerebrum | 209 | ||
| External structures of the cerebellum | 209 | ||
| Cranial nerves | 211 | ||
| Internal structures of the cerebrum and cerebellum | 212 | ||
| External structures of the diencephalon | 212 | ||
| Internal structures of the diencephalon | 214 | ||
| External structures of the brainstem | 215 | ||
| Gray matter and white matter in the brain | 216 | ||
| The spinal cord | 217 | ||
| The meninges | 218 | ||
| Peripheral nerves of clinical importance | 219 | ||
| Facial nerve | 219 | ||
| Vagus nerve | 220 | ||
| Brachial plexus, radial nerve, median nerve, and ulnar nerve | 221 | ||
| Cat declaw nerves | 222 | ||
| Femoral nerve | 222 | ||
| Sciatic nerve | 223 | ||
| Exercises | 224 | ||
| The brain | 224 | ||
| Peripheral nerves of clinical importance | 227 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 230 | ||
| 9 Sense organs | 235 | ||
| Learning objectives | 235 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 235 | ||
| Clinical significance | 235 | ||
| Introduction | 235 | ||
| Medical word parts | 235 | ||
| Pain | 235 | ||
| Taste | 235 | ||
| Smell | 235 | ||
| Hearing | 235 | ||
| External ear | 235 | ||
| Middle ear | 235 | ||
| Inner ear | 235 | ||
| Equilibrium | 235 | ||
| Vestibule | 235 | ||
| Semicircular canals | 235 | ||
| Vision | 235 | ||
| The outer fibrous layer of the eye | 240 | ||
| The middle vascular layer | 240 | ||
| Iris | 240 | ||
| Ciliary body | 240 | ||
| Lens | 240 | ||
| Choroid | 240 | ||
| The inner nervous layer (retina) | 240 | ||
| Optic disc | 240 | ||
| Optic nerve | 240 | ||
| Optic chiasm | 240 | ||
| Compartments of the eye | 240 | ||
| Eyelids and conjunctiva | 240 | ||
| Third eyelid (nictitating membrane) | 240 | ||
| External eye-related landmarks | 240 | ||
| Extraocular muscles | 240 | ||
| Suggested in-class activities | 240 | ||
| Dissection of a sheep’s eye | 240 | ||
| 10 The endocrine system | 263 | ||
| Learning objectives | 263 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 264 | ||
| Clinical significance | 264 | ||
| Introduction | 264 | ||
| Materials needed | 264 | ||
| Control of hormone secretion | 264 | ||
| Hypothalamus and pituitary gland | 264 | ||
| In-class activity | 264 | ||
| Anatomy | 264 | ||
| 11 Blood, lymph, and lymph nodes | 287 | ||
| Learning objectives | 287 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 288 | ||
| Clinical significance | 288 | ||
| Introduction | 288 | ||
| Materials needed | 288 | ||
| The CBC: A veterinary technician’s responsibilities | 289 | ||
| The blood smear | 289 | ||
| Hematology stains | 290 | ||
| Transfusions | 291 | ||
| Blood types or groups | 292 | ||
| Crossmatch testing | 293 | ||
| Immunoassays | 293 | ||
| Exercises | 295 | ||
| The CBC: A veterinary technician’s responsibilities | 295 | ||
| The blood smear | 296 | ||
| Hematology stains | 297 | ||
| Transfusions: Blood types or groups | 298 | ||
| Transfusions: Crossmatch testing | 298 | ||
| Immunoassays | 299 | ||
| 12 The cardiovascular system | 300 | ||
| Learning objectives | 300 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 301 | ||
| Clinical significance | 301 | ||
| Introduction | 301 | ||
| Medical word parts | 301 | ||
| Basic blood flow through the cardiovascular system | 301 | ||
| Helpful heart hints: Finding your way on the outside of the heart | 301 | ||
| Helpful heart hints: Making sense of the inside of the heart | 303 | ||
| Important blood vessels of the neck and thoracic cavity | 304 | ||
| Important blood vessels of the thoracic limb | 309 | ||
| Important blood vessels in the abdominal cavity | 310 | ||
| Important blood vessels of the pelvic limb | 313 | ||
| Suggested in-class activities | 316 | ||
| Materials for suggested in-class activities | 316 | ||
| 13 The respiratory system | 334 | ||
| Learning objectives | 334 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 335 | ||
| Clinical significance | 335 | ||
| Introduction | 335 | ||
| Medical words and word parts | 335 | ||
| Respiratory revelations: Structures of the upper respiratory tract in the skull | 335 | ||
| Respiratory revelations: The larynx | 338 | ||
| Respiratory revelations: The trachea | 340 | ||
| Respiratory revelations: Structures of the lower respiratory tract in the thoracic cavity | 342 | ||
| Suggested in-class activities | 347 | ||
| Watch the nares on live animals | 347 | ||
| 14 The digestive system | 363 | ||
| Learning objectives | 363 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 364 | ||
| Clinical significance | 364 | ||
| Introduction | 364 | ||
| Materials needed | 364 | ||
| Salivary glands | 365 | ||
| The oral cavity | 366 | ||
| Tooth structure | 367 | ||
| Types of teeth | 367 | ||
| In-class activity | 368 | ||
| The esophagus and stomach | 368 | ||
| Dissection of the esophagus and stomach | 368 | ||
| The monogastric stomach | 369 | ||
| The ruminant stomach | 369 | ||
| The intestinal tract | 372 | ||
| Small intestine | 372 | ||
| Dissection of the small intestine | 373 | ||
| Large intestine | 374 | ||
| Digestion-related organs | 378 | ||
| Liver | 378 | ||
| Pancreas | 378 | ||
| Exercises | 378 | ||
| The oral cavity | 378 | ||
| Dental formulas | 380 | ||
| The esophagus and stomach | 381 | ||
| The intestinal tract | 381 | ||
| Digestion-related organs | 386 | ||
| Review of digestive anatomy | 389 | ||
| Review | 393 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 395 | ||
| 15 The urinary system | 398 | ||
| Learning objectives | 398 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 399 | ||
| Clinical significance | 399 | ||
| Introduction | 399 | ||
| Medical word parts | 399 | ||
| Blood flow to and from the kidneys | 399 | ||
| Nephron notables | 399 | ||
| Urinary system location | 399 | ||
| Kidney | 401 | ||
| External kidney features | 401 | ||
| Internal kidney features | 401 | ||
| Ureters | 401 | ||
| Urinary bladder | 401 | ||
| Urethra | 401 | ||
| The urinary system on radiographs | 401 | ||
| Suggested in-class activities | 401 | ||
| Palpate the urinary bladder of an animal | 401 | ||
| 16 The reproductive system | 420 | ||
| Learning objectives | 420 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 421 | ||
| Clinical significance | 421 | ||
| Introduction | 421 | ||
| Materials needed | 421 | ||
| Medical word parts | 421 | ||
| The male reproductive system | 421 | ||
| The scrotum | 421 | ||
| The testes | 421 | ||
| Vaginal tunics and testis capsule | 423 | ||
| Epididymis | 423 | ||
| Vas deferens | 424 | ||
| Spermatic cord | 424 | ||
| The urethra | 426 | ||
| The accessory reproductive glands | 426 | ||
| The penis | 427 | ||
| The prepuce | 428 | ||
| The os penis | 428 | ||
| The bulb of the glans | 428 | ||
| The sigmoid flexure | 430 | ||
| The female reproductive system | 430 | ||
| The ovaries | 430 | ||
| The oviducts | 432 | ||
| The uterus | 432 | ||
| Suspensory ligaments | 433 | ||
| The cervix | 433 | ||
| The vagina | 435 | ||
| The vulva | 435 | ||
| The placenta | 436 | ||
| Exercises | 439 | ||
| Male reproductive system | 439 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 444 | ||
| 17 Pregnancy, development, and lactation | 449 | ||
| Learning objectives | 449 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 449 | ||
| Clinical significance | 449 | ||
| Introduction | 449 | ||
| Pregnancy | 450 | ||
| The ovaries | 450 | ||
| The uterus | 450 | ||
| The placenta | 450 | ||
| Development | 451 | ||
| Lactation | 451 | ||
| Mammary glands | 451 | ||
| Location | 451 | ||
| Microscopic anatomy | 451 | ||
| Gross anatomy | 451 | ||
| Hormones | 451 | ||
| Suggested in-class activities | 452 | ||
| Dissection questions | 452 | ||
| Exercises | 452 | ||
| Pregnancy | 452 | ||
| Development | 454 | ||
| Lactation | 454 | ||
| Clinical and critical thinking | 455 | ||
| Bibliography | 455 | ||
| 18 Avian anatomy | 457 | ||
| Learning objectives | 457 | ||
| Terms to be identified | 458 | ||
| Clinical significance | 458 | ||
| Introduction | 458 | ||
| Materials needed | 458 | ||
| Feather types and structure | 458 | ||
| Skeletal anatomy | 459 | ||
| Wing anatomy | 459 | ||
| Ocular anatomy | 459 | ||
| Beak anatomy | 459 | ||
| Digestive anatomy | 459 | ||
| Cardiac anatomy | 460 | ||
| Respiratory anatomy | 460 | ||
| Reproductive anatomy | 460 | ||
| In-class necropsy exercise | 460 | ||
| Description of exercise | 460 | ||
| Procedure | 460 | ||
| Exercises | 465 | ||
| Feather types and structure | 465 | ||
| Skeletal anatomy | 468 | ||
| Wing anatomy | 470 | ||
| Ocular anatomy | 471 | ||
| Beak anatomy | 472 | ||
| Digestive anatomy | 473 | ||
| Cardiac anatomy | 474 | ||
| Respiratory anatomy | 474 | ||
| Reproductive anatomy | 475 | ||
| Critical and clinical thinking | 475 | ||
| Glossary | 479 | ||
| A | 479 | ||
| B | 479 | ||
| C | 479 | ||
| D | 479 | ||
| E | 480 | ||
| F | 480 | ||
| G | 480 | ||
| H | 480 | ||
| I | 480 | ||
| J | 482 | ||
| K | 483 | ||
| L | 483 | ||
| M | 483 | ||
| N | 484 | ||
| O | 484 | ||
| P | 484 | ||
| Q | 487 | ||
| R | 487 | ||
| S | 487 | ||
| T | 487 | ||
| U | 490 | ||
| V | 490 | ||
| W | 490 | ||
| X | 490 | ||
| Z | 490 | ||
| Index | 491 | ||
| A | 491 | ||
| B | 491 | ||
| C | 492 | ||
| D | 493 | ||
| E | 493 | ||
| F | 494 | ||
| G | 494 | ||
| H | 494 | ||
| I | 495 | ||
| J | 495 | ||
| K | 495 | ||
| L | 495 | ||
| M | 496 | ||
| N | 496 | ||
| O | 497 | ||
| P | 497 | ||
| Q | 498 | ||
| R | 498 | ||
| S | 498 | ||
| T | 499 | ||
| U | 500 | ||
| V | 500 | ||
| W | 500 | ||
| X | 500 | ||
| Y | 500 | ||
| Z | 500 |