Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Covering the theory, design, and fabrication of orthotic devices, Introduction to Orthotics: A Clinical Reasoning & Problem-Solving Approach, 4th Edition helps you master the skills you need to choose and fit effective orthoses for patients with hand injuries and functional deficits. It emphasizes upper extremity splinting, with additional coverage of lower extremity orthotics and upper extremity prosthetics, and offers case studies promoting clinical reasoning and problem solving. This edition includes new chapters on orthotics of the shoulder and orthotic systems, plus online videos demonstrating fabrication and fitting techniques. Written by occupational therapy educators Brenda Coppard and Helene Lohman, this textbook/workbook is ideal for students and as a practical resource for occupational therapists and therapy assistants in the clinical setting.
Student Resources on EvolveÂ
- Video clips
- Learning activities
- Additional case studies
- Review questions and answers
- Self-quiz questions and answers
- Fabrication procedures from the text
- Forms from the text
- Grading sheets from the text
- How-To videos on the Evolve companion website let you watch the construction of orthotics again and again to increase your proficiency.
- Review questions and self-quizzes reinforce your comprehension of the material.
- Case studies in each chapter show how concepts relate to real-life clinical practice.
- Self-evaluation forms allow you to analyze your strengths and weaknesses related to new orthotic intervention techniques.
- Laboratory exercises test your clinical reasoning and technical skills.
- High-quality photos and line drawings illustrate key concepts and techniques.
- Combined textbook/workbook format makes it easier to develop fundamental skills in the theory, design, and fabrication of orthoses,
- Spiral binding lets the book lay flat when opened for convenient use while on the job.
- NEW! Fabrication processes appear in special boxes to allow for quick reference.
- NEW! Fabrication processes, forms, and grading sheets are included on the Evolve companion website, allowing you to create a personalized study guide.
- UPDATED content includes new case studies, references, evidence-based research tables, and more on the ‘science’ of orthotic intervention.
- NEW! Additional learning exercises show how to apply theory to practice.
- NEW! More integration of patient safety addresses this important aspect of patient care.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front\rCover | Cover | ||
| IFC | IFC | ||
| Introduction to Orthotics | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| fm-ded-01 | v | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| fm-ctr-02 | vii | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | vii | ||
| fm-pre-01 | ix | ||
| PREFACE | ix | ||
| fm-ack-01 | xi | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | xi | ||
| CONTENTS | xiii | ||
| UNIT ONE -\rOrthotic Foundations | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Foundations of Orthotics | 2 | ||
| Definition of Splint and Orthosis | 2 | ||
| Historical Synopsis of Orthotic Intervention | 3 | ||
| Professionals Who Make Orthoses | 3 | ||
| Categorization of Orthotics | 5 | ||
| Orthotic Designs | 7 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice and Orthotic Provision | 8 | ||
| Review Questions | 11 | ||
| References | 11 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Occupation-Based Orthotic Intervention | 13 | ||
| Client-Centered versus Occupation-Based Approaches with Orthotic Intervention | 14 | ||
| Occupation-Based Orthotic Design and Fabrication | 14 | ||
| The Influence of Occupational Desires on Orthotic Design and Selection | 18 | ||
| Evidence to Support Preservation of Occupational Engagement and Participation | 20 | ||
| Utilizing an Occupation-Based Approach to Orthotic Intervention | 21 | ||
| Orthotic Design Options to Promote Occupational Engagement and Participation | 22 | ||
| Summary | 22 | ||
| Review Questions | 23 | ||
| References | 23 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Orthotic Processes, Tools, and Techniques | 27 | ||
| Thermoplastic Materials | 27 | ||
| Thermoplastic Material Content and Properties | 28 | ||
| Process: Making the Orthosis | 30 | ||
| Prefabricated Orthoses | 37 | ||
| Orthotic Workroom or Cart | 45 | ||
| Documentation and Reassessment | 45 | ||
| Physical Agent Modalities | 46 | ||
| Superficial Agents | 46 | ||
| Review Questions | 48 | ||
| References | 48 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Anatomic and Biomechanical Principles Related to Orthotic Provision | 53 | ||
| Basic Anatomical Review for Orthotic Intervention | 53 | ||
| Shoulder Joint | 54 | ||
| Elbow Joint | 55 | ||
| Wrist Joint | 55 | ||
| Finger and Thumb Joints | 57 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscles of the Hand | 59 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand and Wrist | 60 | ||
| Arches of the Hand | 61 | ||
| Anatomic Landmarks of the Hand | 62 | ||
| Grasp and Prehensile Patterns | 63 | ||
| Biomechanical Principles for Orthotic Intervention | 65 | ||
| Contour | 69 | ||
| Mechanics of Skin and Soft Tissue | 69 | ||
| Summary | 72 | ||
| References | 73 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Clinical Examination and Implications for Orthotic Intervention | 74 | ||
| Clinical Examination | 74 | ||
| Orthotic Precautions | 86 | ||
| Adherence | 87 | ||
| Orthotic Care | 87 | ||
| Summary | 88 | ||
| References | 88 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Clinical Reasoning for Orthotic Fabrication | 94 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning Models | 95 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning throughout the Intervention Process | 96 | ||
| Orthotic Intervention Approach and Design Considerations | 101 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning Considerations for Designing and Planning the Orthosis | 102 | ||
| Post-Fabrication Monitoring | 103 | ||
| Evaluation and Adjustment of Orthoses | 104 | ||
| Orthotic-Wearing Schedule Factors | 104 | ||
| Discontinuation of an Orthosis | 104 | ||
| Cost and Payment Issues | 105 | ||
| Orthotic Intervention Error and Client Safety Issues | 108 | ||
| References | 110 | ||
| UNIT TWO -\rOrthosis for Conditionsand Populations | 117 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Orthoses for the Wrist | 118 | ||
| Volar, Dorsal, Ulnar, and Circumferential Wrist Immobilization Orthoses | 120 | ||
| Features of the Wrist Immobilization Orthosis | 121 | ||
| Diagnostic Indications | 122 | ||
| Wrist Joint Contracture: Serial Orthotic Intervention with a Wrist Orthosis | 134 | ||
| Fabrication of a Wrist Immobilization Orthosis | 134 | ||
| Prefabricated Orthoses | 143 | ||
| Impact on Occupations | 145 | ||
| Summary | 145 | ||
| Review Questions | 145 | ||
| References | 146 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Thumb Immobilization Orthoses | 159 | ||
| Functional and Anatomic Considerations for Orthotic Intervention of the Thumb | 160 | ||
| Features of the Thumb Immobilization Orthosis | 160 | ||
| Diagnostic Indications | 160 | ||
| Fabrication of a Thumb Immobilization Orthosis | 177 | ||
| Fabrication of a Dorsal Hand-Based Thumb Immobilization Orthosis | 178 | ||
| Impact on Occupations | 181 | ||
| Prefabricated Orthoses | 181 | ||
| Summary | 182 | ||
| References | 184 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Hand Immobilization Orthoses | 195 | ||
| Premolded Hand Orthoses | 195 | ||
| Precut Orthotic Kits | 197 | ||
| Customized Orthoses | 197 | ||
| Purpose of the Resting Hand Orthosis | 197 | ||
| Components of the Resting Hand Orthosis | 197 | ||
| Resting Hand Orthosis Positions | 198 | ||
| Diagnostic Indications | 199 | ||
| Fabrication of a Resting Hand Orthosis | 209 | ||
| Precautions for a Resting Hand Orthosis | 211 | ||
| Review Questions | 213 | ||
| References | 213 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Elbow and Forearm Immobilization Orthoses | 225 | ||
| Anatomic and Biomechanical Considerations | 225 | ||
| Clinical Indications and Common Diagnoses | 226 | ||
| Features of Elbow Orthoses | 230 | ||
| Fabrication of a Posterior Elbow Immobilization Orthosis | 234 | ||
| References | 239 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Orthotics for the Fingers | 247 | ||
| Functional and Anatomical Considerations of Orthotics for the Fingers | 247 | ||
| Diagnostic Indications | 248 | ||
| Precautions for Finger Orthotics | 252 | ||
| Occupation Based Orthotics | 253 | ||
| Fabrication of a Dorsal-Volar Mallet Orthoses | 254 | ||
| Prefabricated Mallet Orthoses | 255 | ||
| Fabrication of a Proximal Interphalangeal Hyperextension Block (Swan Neck Orthosis) | 256 | ||
| Prefabricated Hyperextension Block Orthoses | 257 | ||
| Impact of Swan Neck Deformities on Occupations | 258 | ||
| Conclusions, Evidence Based Practice Information Chart | 258 | ||
| Review Questions | 258 | ||
| References | 259 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Mobilization Orthoses: Serial-Static, Dynamic, and Static-Progressive Orthoses | 269 | ||
| Goals of Mobilization Orthoses | 270 | ||
| Types of Mobilization Orthoses | 271 | ||
| Biomechanical Principles | 272 | ||
| Common Features of Mobilization Orthoses | 275 | ||
| Technical Tips for Dynamic Orthotic Provision | 277 | ||
| Materials and Equipment for a Dynamic Orthosis | 277 | ||
| Precautions for a Mobilization (Dynamic) Orthosis | 278 | ||
| Clinical Considerations for Mobilization Orthoses | 278 | ||
| Review Questions | 286 | ||
| References | 286 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Orthotic Intervention for Nerve Injuries | 293 | ||
| Peripheral Nerve Anatomy | 294 | ||
| Nerve Injury Classification | 294 | ||
| Nerve Repair | 295 | ||
| Operative Procedures for Nerve Repair | 295 | ||
| Purposes of Orthotic Intervention for Nerve Injuries | 295 | ||
| Upper Extremity Compression Neuropathies | 296 | ||
| Locations of Nerve Lesions | 296 | ||
| Substitutions | 296 | ||
| Prognosis | 296 | ||
| Radial Nerve Injuries | 296 | ||
| Ulnar Nerve Injuries | 304 | ||
| Median Nerve Lesions | 308 | ||
| Summary | 312 | ||
| Review Questions | 312 | ||
| References | 315 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Orthotic Provision to Manage Spasticity | 324 | ||
| Orthotic Designs for the Neurologically Impaired Hand | 325 | ||
| Managing the Neurologically-Impaired Hand using a Problem-Solving Approach | 329 | ||
| References | 340 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Orthotic Intervention for Older Adults | 346 | ||
| Treatment Settings and Orthotic Designs | 348 | ||
| Age-Related Changes and Medical Conditions Impacting Orthotic Intervention | 348 | ||
| Medications and Side Effects | 355 | ||
| Purposes of Orthoses for Older Adults | 355 | ||
| Orthotic Intervention Process for an Older Adult | 357 | ||
| Review Questions | 361 | ||
| References | 361 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Orthoses for the Pediatric Population | 366 | ||
| Purpose of Orthoses for Pediatrics | 367 | ||
| Goals | 367 | ||
| Development | 367 | ||
| Common Pediatric Upper Extremity Conditions | 368 | ||
| General Principals for Orthotic Fabrication | 376 | ||
| Evidence for Orthotic Intervention for Children | 388 | ||
| Summary | 388 | ||
| References | 392 | ||
| UNIT THREE -\rTopics Relatedto Orthosis | 397 | ||
| Chapter 17 - Lower Extremity Orthotics | 398 | ||
| Role of the Occupational Therapist | 398 | ||
| Interdisciplinary Approach | 399 | ||
| Orthotic Design Principles | 399 | ||
| Foot Orthoses | 407 | ||
| Ankle-Foot Orthoses | 408 | ||
| Knee Orthoses | 409 | ||
| Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses | 410 | ||
| Hip Orthoses | 412 | ||
| Hip-Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses | 413 | ||
| Summary | 414 | ||
| References | 415 | ||
| Chapter 18 - Upper Extremity Prosthetics | 424 | ||
| Causes of Upper Extremity Amputations | 425 | ||
| Amputation Levels and the Impact on Function and Satisfaction | 425 | ||
| The Team Members | 426 | ||
| Prosthetic Options | 427 | ||
| Prosthetic Rehabilitation | 432 | ||
| Phases of Rehabilitation | 432 | ||
| Psychological and Social Issues of Clients with Amputations | 435 | ||
| Upper Extremity Prosthetic Intervention for Children | 436 | ||
| Marketing Strategies and Recommendations | 436 | ||
| Review Questions | 438 | ||
| References | 438 | ||
| Chapter 19 - Ethical Issues Related to Orthotic Provision | 440 | ||
| Ethics and Health Care | 440 | ||
| Sources of Moral Guidance | 441 | ||
| Classic Approaches to Ethics | 443 | ||
| Application to Complex Cases | 444 | ||
| Contribution of Ethics to Clinical Practice | 447 | ||
| Review Questions | 448 | ||
| References | 448 | ||
| Glossary | 451 | ||
| Appendix A - Answers to Self-Quizzes, Case Studies, and Laboratory Exercises | 457 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 457 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 457 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 458 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 458 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 458 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 459 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 460 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 461 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 461 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 462 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 462 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 462 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 463 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 464 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 464 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 465 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 466 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 466 | ||
| Appendix B - Web Resources and Vendors | 469 | ||
| Societies, Organizations, Education | 469 | ||
| Orthotic Materials and Accessories Suppliers | 469 | ||
| Appendix\rC - Resources for Upper Extremity Prosthetics | 471 | ||
| Index | 473 |