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Book Details
Abstract
Now in full-color, Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog, 4th Edition features unparalleled coverage of canine morphology, with detailed descriptions and vivid illustrations that make intricate details easier to see and understand. Updated content reflects the latest knowledge on development, structure, and function, making this a valuable reference for anatomists, veterinary students, technicians, clinicians, experimentalists, and breeders. It is also useful in specialty fields such as mammalogy, biomechanics, and archaeology.
- Chapters are logically organized by body system for quick reference.
- Contributors are expert anatomists who provide the most current information and share their knowledge of particular structures.
- An introductory chapter includes breed categories from both the American and British Registry Clubs to give you a clearer understanding of dog breeds and how they are determined.
- NEW! Elaborate, full-color illustrations created by an expert medical illustrator bring canine structures to life and enhance your understanding of their function.
- New and updated content reflects the most up-to-date nomenclature from the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (NAV) — the standard reference for anatomical (zootomical) terminology.
- Text and bibliographic references from the most current literature allow you to access all primary sources of information for further study and interpretation.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Miller's Anatomy of the Dog | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Special Dedication | vii | ||
| About the Authors | ix | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Anatomical Terms | x | ||
| Planes of the Body | xi | ||
| Movement | xi | ||
| Literature | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xiii | ||
| Table Of Contents | xv | ||
| 1 The Dog and Its Relatives | 1 | ||
| The Order Carnivora | 1 | ||
| The Family Canidae | 2 | ||
| Hybrids | 3 | ||
| Breeds of Dogs | 4 | ||
| Bibliography | 11 | ||
| 2 Prenatal Development | 13 | ||
| Early Development | 13 | ||
| Length of Gestation | 13 | ||
| Prenatal Periods | 15 | ||
| Oocyte—Embryo | 15 | ||
| Embryo | 16 | ||
| Age Determination | 19 | ||
| Measurements and Growth Plots | 22 | ||
| Size Index | 23 | ||
| Fetus | 23 | ||
| Skeletal Age Criteria | 26 | ||
| Skull | 26 | ||
| Calvarial Centers | 28 | ||
| Basicranial Centers | 30 | ||
| Otic Centers | 31 | ||
| Hyoid Apparatus | 32 | ||
| Teeth | 32 | ||
| Vertebral Column | 33 | ||
| Centra | 35 | ||
| Neural Arches | 35 | ||
| Ribs | 42 | ||
| Sternum | 42 | ||
| Limbs and Girdles | 42 | ||
| Carpus | 45 | ||
| Bibliography | 59 | ||
| 3 The Integument | 61 | ||
| Epidermis | 61 | ||
| Dermis | 62 | ||
| Structure of the Dermis and Changes with Age | 62 | ||
| Pigmentation | 62 | ||
| Nasal Skin | 63 | ||
| Digital Pads | 64 | ||
| Hairy Skin | 65 | ||
| Growth Rate of the Hair Shaft | 65 | ||
| Embryology of Hair Follicles | 65 | ||
| Development of Complex Follicle | 66 | ||
| Complex Hair Follicle | 67 | ||
| Hair Types | 69 | ||
| Variability in Hair Coat | 70 | ||
| Coat Color | 70 | ||
| Hair Length | 70 | ||
| Implantation of Hair | 70 | ||
| Hair Follicle Cycle and Seasonal Shedding | 71 | ||
| Surface Contour of Hairy Skin and Histologic Characteristics of Epidermis | 73 | ||
| Muscles of the Skin | 74 | ||
| Glands of the Skin | 74 | ||
| Tail Gland Area (gll. caudae) | 76 | ||
| Blood Supply to the Skin | 76 | ||
| Nerve Supply to the Skin | 76 | ||
| Skin Grafting | 77 | ||
| Claw | 77 | ||
| Bibliography | 78 | ||
| 4 The Skeleton | 80 | ||
| General | 80 | ||
| Classification of Skeletal Elements | 80 | ||
| Classification of Bones According to Shape | 80 | ||
| Development of Bone | 82 | ||
| Structure of Bone | 83 | ||
| Physical Properties of Bone | 83 | ||
| Surface Contour of Bone | 83 | ||
| Vessels and Nerves of Bone | 84 | ||
| Function of Bone | 84 | ||
| Axial Skeleton | 84 | ||
| Skull | 84 | ||
| Bones of the Cranium | 88 | ||
| Occipital Bone | 88 | ||
| Parietal Bone | 91 | ||
| Frontal Bone | 91 | ||
| Sphenoid Bones | 92 | ||
| Presphenoid | 92 | ||
| Basisphenoid | 93 | ||
| Temporal Bone | 94 | ||
| Ethmoid Bone | 97 | ||
| Bones of the Face and Palate | 99 | ||
| Incisive Bone | 99 | ||
| Nasal Bone | 100 | ||
| Maxilla | 100 | ||
| Dorsal Nasal Concha | 101 | ||
| Ventral Nasal Concha | 101 | ||
| Zygomatic Bone | 102 | ||
| Palatine Bone | 102 | ||
| Lacrimal Bone | 103 | ||
| Pterygoid Bone | 103 | ||
| Vomer | 104 | ||
| Mandible | 104 | ||
| Bones of the Hyoid Apparatus | 105 | ||
| Basihyoid | 106 | ||
| Thyrohyoid | 106 | ||
| Ceratohyoid | 106 | ||
| Epihyoid | 106 | ||
| Stylohyoid | 106 | ||
| Tympanohyoid Cartilage | 106 | ||
| The Skull as a Whole | 106 | ||
| Dorsal Surface of the Skull | 106 | ||
| 5 Arthrology | 158 | ||
| General | 158 | ||
| Fibrous Joints | 158 | ||
| Cartilaginous Joints | 158 | ||
| Synovial Joints | 159 | ||
| Structure of Synovial Joints | 159 | ||
| Pathologic Conditions | 160 | ||
| Classification of Synovial Joints | 160 | ||
| Movements of Synovial Joints | 160 | ||
| Ligaments and Joints of the Skull | 161 | ||
| Temporomandibular Joint | 161 | ||
| Intermandibular Joint | 161 | ||
| Joints of Auditory Ossicles | 161 | ||
| Joints of Hyoid Apparatus | 162 | ||
| Synchondroses of the Skull | 162 | ||
| Sutures of the Skull | 162 | ||
| Ligaments and Joints of the Vertebral Column | 163 | ||
| Atlantooccipital Articulation | 163 | ||
| Atlantoaxial Articulation | 163 | ||
| Other Synovial Joints of the Vertebral Column | 164 | ||
| Long Ligaments of the Vertebral Column | 164 | ||
| Intervertebral Discs and Short Ligaments of the Vertebral Column | 165 | ||
| Ligaments and Joints of the Ribs and Sternum | 166 | ||
| Ligaments and Joints of the Thoracic Limb | 167 | ||
| Shoulder Joint | 167 | ||
| Elbow Joint | 169 | ||
| Radioulnar Joints | 171 | ||
| Carpal, Metacarpal, and Phalangeal Joints (Articulationes Manus) | 172 | ||
| Carpal Joints | 172 | ||
| Metacarpal Joints | 174 | ||
| Phalangeal Joints | 175 | ||
| Metacarpal and Digital Fascia | 175 | ||
| Ligaments and Joints of the Pelvic Limb | 175 | ||
| Joints of Pelvic Girdle (Articulationes Cinguli Membri Pelvinae) | 175 | ||
| Sacroiliac Joint | 176 | ||
| Hip Joint | 176 | ||
| Stifle Joint | 177 | ||
| Ligaments of Stifle Joint | 180 | ||
| Tibiofibular Joints | 181 | ||
| Tarsal, Metatarsal, and Phalangeal Joints (Articulationes Pedis) | 181 | ||
| Tarsal Joints | 181 | ||
| Metatarsal and Phalangeal Joints | 183 | ||
| Bibliography | 183 | ||
| 6 The Muscular System | 185 | ||
| Introduction | 185 | ||
| Skeletal Muscles | 187 | ||
| Origin and Insertion | 189 | ||
| Function | 189 | ||
| Accessory Structures | 190 | ||
| Connective Tissue | 190 | ||
| Blood and Nerve Supply | 190 | ||
| Regeneration | 190 | ||
| Muscle Description | 191 | ||
| Muscles of the Head | 191 | ||
| Muscles of Facial Expression | 191 | ||
| Superficial Muscles | 191 | ||
| Deep Muscles of the Lip and Nose | 191 | ||
| Deep Muscles of the Eyelids, Forehead, and Ears | 195 | ||
| Muscles of the External Ear | 196 | ||
| Muscles of the Middle Ear | 197 | ||
| Muscles of Mastication | 197 | ||
| Muscles of Bulbus Oculi—Extrinsic | 200 | ||
| Muscles of the Tongue | 202 | ||
| Muscles of the Pharynx | 203 | ||
| Muscles of the Soft Palate | 205 | ||
| Muscles of the Larynx | 205 | ||
| Muscles of the Hyoid Apparatus | 207 | ||
| Muscles of the Cervical Vertebrae | 209 | ||
| Fasciae of the Head | 210 | ||
| Muscles of the Neck | 210 | ||
| Fasciae of the Neck | 213 | ||
| Muscles of the Dorsum | 214 | ||
| Extrinsic Thoracic Limb Muscles | 214 | ||
| Erector Spinae Muscles | 215 | ||
| Transversospinalis Muscle | 218 | ||
| Interspinal Muscles | 219 | ||
| Intertransverse Muscles | 219 | ||
| Muscles of the Thoracic Wall (Musculi Thoracis) | 220 | ||
| Diaphragm | 222 | ||
| Muscles of the Abdominal Wall (Musculi Abdominis) | 224 | ||
| Muscles of the Tail (Musculi Caudae) | 228 | ||
| Fasciae of the Trunk and Tail | 232 | ||
| Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | 233 | ||
| Extrinsic Muscles | 233 | ||
| Intrinsic Muscles | 235 | ||
| Lateral Scapular Muscles | 235 | ||
| Medial Scapular Muscles | 236 | ||
| Brachial Muscles | 238 | ||
| Cranial Brachial Muscles | 238 | ||
| Caudal Brachial Muscles | 240 | ||
| Antebrachial Muscles | 241 | ||
| Craniolateral Antebrachial Muscles | 241 | ||
| Caudal Antebrachial Muscles | 246 | ||
| Synovial Apparatus | 251 | ||
| Muscles of the Forepaw | 252 | ||
| Muscles Associated with the Flexor Tendons | 252 | ||
| Muscles Associated with the Palmar Side of the Metacarpal Bones | 252 | ||
| Special Muscles of Digit I | 253 | ||
| Special Muscles of Digit V | 253 | ||
| Special Muscles of Digit II | 253 | ||
| Fasciae of the Thoracic Limb | 253 | ||
| Muscles of the Pelvic Limb | 254 | ||
| Muscles of the Pelvis and Thigh | 254 | ||
| Lumbar Hypaxial Muscles | 254 | ||
| Pelvic Muscles | 256 | ||
| Caudal Muscles of the Thigh | 259 | ||
| Cranial Muscles of the Thigh | 262 | ||
| Bursae | 263 | ||
| Medial Muscles of the Thigh | 263 | ||
| The Femoral Triangle and Associated Structures | 267 | ||
| Muscles of the Crus | 268 | ||
| Craniolateral Muscles of the Crus | 268 | ||
| Caudal Muscles of the Crus | 272 | ||
| Muscles of the Pes | 275 | ||
| Muscles of the Dorsal Surface of the Pes | 275 | ||
| Muscles of the Plantar Surface of the Pes | 275 | ||
| Special Muscles of Digit I | 276 | ||
| Fasciae of the Pelvic Limb | 276 | ||
| Bibliography | 276 | ||
| 7 The Digestive Apparatus and Abdomen | 281 | ||
| Oral Cavity | 281 | ||
| Vestibule | 281 | ||
| Lips | 281 | ||
| Cheeks | 281 | ||
| Oral Cavity Proper | 282 | ||
| Palate | 282 | ||
| Structure of the Soft Palate | 283 | ||
| Soft Palate Epithelium | 283 | ||
| Palatine Glands | 283 | ||
| Palatine Muscles | 284 | ||
| Palatine Vessels | 284 | ||
| Palatine Nerves | 284 | ||
| Palatine Aponeurosis | 285 | ||
| Teeth | 285 | ||
| Tooth Structure | 286 | ||
| Tooth Surfaces | 288 | ||
| Tooth Groupings | 288 | ||
| Dental Formulae | 289 | ||
| Dental Nomenclature | 289 | ||
| Eruption of the Teeth | 289 | ||
| Dental Anomalies | 289 | ||
| Periodontium | 290 | ||
| Gums | 290 | ||
| Tongue | 290 | ||
| Filiform Papillae | 291 | ||
| Fungiform Papillae | 292 | ||
| Vallate Papillae | 292 | ||
| Foliate Papillae | 294 | ||
| Conical Papillae | 294 | ||
| Marginal Papillae | 294 | ||
| Tongue Muscles | 295 | ||
| Lyssa | 297 | ||
| Tongue Glands | 297 | ||
| Tongue Blood Vessels | 297 | ||
| Tongue Nerve Supply | 298 | ||
| Anomalies | 298 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 299 | ||
| Parotid Gland | 299 | ||
| Mandibular Gland | 301 | ||
| Sublingual Glands | 302 | ||
| Zygomatic Gland | 302 | ||
| Pharynx | 303 | ||
| Nasal Pharynx | 303 | ||
| Oral Pharynx | 303 | ||
| Laryngeal Pharynx | 304 | ||
| The Alimentary Canal | 304 | ||
| Esophagus | 304 | ||
| Coats of the Esophagus | 305 | ||
| Vessels of the Esophagus | 306 | ||
| Nerves of the Esophagus | 306 | ||
| Abdomen | 307 | ||
| Regions of the Abdomen | 307 | ||
| Relations of Abdominal Organs | 309 | ||
| Peritoneum | 310 | ||
| Pelvic Peritoneal Excavations | 311 | ||
| Cranial Abdominal Connecting Peritoneum | 311 | ||
| Greater Omentum | 311 | ||
| Lesser Omentum | 313 | ||
| Omental Bursa | 313 | ||
| Stomach | 314 | ||
| Curvatures of the Stomach | 315 | ||
| Regions of the Stomach | 316 | ||
| Shape, Position, and Capacity | 316 | ||
| Coats of the Stomach | 317 | ||
| Glands of the Stomach | 318 | ||
| Vessels of the Stomach | 318 | ||
| Nerves of the Stomach | 319 | ||
| Small Intestine | 319 | ||
| Duodenum | 319 | ||
| Attachments and Peritoneal Relations | 319 | ||
| Jejunum and Ileum | 320 | ||
| Position of the Small Intestine | 320 | ||
| Mesentery of the Small Intestine | 320 | ||
| Coats of the Small Intestine | 321 | ||
| Vessels of the Small Intestine | 321 | ||
| Nerves of the Small Intestine | 321 | ||
| Large Intestine | 322 | ||
| Cecum | 322 | ||
| Colon | 323 | ||
| Mesentery of the Colon | 323 | ||
| Rectum | 324 | ||
| Anal Canal | 324 | ||
| Glands of the Anus | 325 | ||
| Special Muscles of the Rectum and the Anal Canal | 326 | ||
| Vessels and Nerves of the Anal Canal | 326 | ||
| Coats of the Large Intestine | 327 | ||
| Perineum | 327 | ||
| Liver | 327 | ||
| Physical Characteristics | 328 | ||
| Surfaces, Borders, and Relations | 328 | ||
| Lobes and Processes | 329 | ||
| Peritoneal Attachments and Fixation | 330 | ||
| Structure | 330 | ||
| Blood and Lymph Vessels | 330 | ||
| Nerves | 331 | ||
| Bile Passages and Gallbladder | 331 | ||
| Pancreas | 333 | ||
| Lobes and Relations | 333 | ||
| Ducts of the Pancreas | 333 | ||
| Blood and Lymph Vessels | 334 | ||
| Nerves | 334 | ||
| Bibliography | 334 | ||
| 8 The Respiratory System | 338 | ||
| External Nose | 338 | ||
| Cartilages of the Nose | 338 | ||
| Vomeronasal Organ | 340 | ||
| Ligaments of the Nose | 340 | ||
| Nasal Cavity | 340 | ||
| Nasal Conchae | 341 | ||
| Nasal Meatuses | 341 | ||
| Paranasal Sinuses | 343 | ||
| Nasal Mucosa | 343 | ||
| Glands of the Nose | 343 | ||
| Functional Considerations | 344 | ||
| Nasalportion of the Pharynx | 344 | ||
| Larynx | 345 | ||
| Cartilages of the Larynx | 346 | ||
| Muscles of the Larynx | 348 | ||
| Cavity of Larynx and Laryngeal Mucosa | 348 | ||
| Innervation of the Larynx | 349 | ||
| Trachea | 349 | ||
| Bronchi | 350 | ||
| Thoracic Cavity and Pleurae | 352 | ||
| Thoracic Cavity | 352 | ||
| Mediastinum | 353 | ||
| Pleurae | 354 | ||
| Lungs | 355 | ||
| Shape of Lobes and Position of Interlobar Fissure | 356 | ||
| Left Lung | 356 | ||
| Right Lung | 357 | ||
| Relationship of Lungs to Other Organs | 358 | ||
| Pulmonary Vessels | 358 | ||
| Bronchial Vessels | 359 | ||
| Pulmonary Lymphatics | 359 | ||
| Bibliography | 359 | ||
| 9 The Urogenital System | 361 | ||
| Urinary Organs | 361 | ||
| Kidneys | 361 | ||
| Fixation | 361 | ||
| Position and Relations | 361 | ||
| Structure | 363 | ||
| The Nephron | 363 | ||
| Vessels and Nerves | 363 | ||
| Anomalies | 365 | ||
| Ureters | 365 | ||
| Structure | 365 | ||
| Vessels and Nerves | 365 | ||
| Anomalies | 366 | ||
| Urinary Bladder | 366 | ||
| Structure | 366 | ||
| Fixation | 366 | ||
| Vessels and Nerves | 367 | ||
| Anomalies | 367 | ||
| Reproductive Organs | 367 | ||
| Male Genital Organs | 368 | ||
| Scrotum | 368 | ||
| Vessels and Nerves | 370 | ||
| Testes | 371 | ||
| Attachments | 371 | ||
| Vessels and Nerves | 372 | ||
| Anomalies | 372 | ||
| Descent of the Testes | 373 | ||
| Epididymis | 374 | ||
| 10 The Endocrine System | 406 | ||
| General Features of the Endocrine Glands | 406 | ||
| The Hypophysis | 407 | ||
| Macroscopic Features | 409 | ||
| Mesoscopic Features | 409 | ||
| Developmental Anatomy | 410 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 410 | ||
| Vascularization | 411 | ||
| Innervation | 412 | ||
| Thyroid Gland | 412 | ||
| Macroscopic Features | 412 | ||
| Mesoscopic Features | 413 | ||
| Developmental Anatomy | 414 | ||
| Microscopic Features | 415 | ||
| Vascularization | 415 | ||
| Innervation | 416 | ||
| Parathyroid Glands | 416 | ||
| Mesoscopic Features | 416 | ||
| Developmental Anatomy | 416 | ||
| Microscopic Anatomy | 416 | ||
| 11 The Heart and Arteries | 428 | ||
| Pericardium and Heart | 428 | ||
| Pericardium | 428 | ||
| Heart | 428 | ||
| Orientation | 428 | ||
| Size and Weight | 430 | ||
| Surface Topography | 431 | ||
| Atria | 431 | ||
| Fibrous Base | 432 | ||
| Ventricles | 433 | ||
| Myocardium | 436 | ||
| Atrioventricular Valves | 436 | ||
| Aortic and Pulmonary Valves | 437 | ||
| Innervation and Conduction System | 437 | ||
| Blood Vessels of the Heart | 438 | ||
| Coronary Arteries | 438 | ||
| Cardiac Veins | 440 | ||
| Thebesian Veins | 440 | ||
| Pulmonary Arteries and Veins | 440 | ||
| Pulmonary Trunk | 440 | ||
| Pulmonary Veins | 441 | ||
| Systemic Arteries | 441 | ||
| Aorta | 441 | ||
| Aortic Arch | 441 | ||
| Arteries of the Head, Neck, and Thorax | 441 | ||
| Brachiocephalic Trunk | 441 | ||
| Common Carotid Arteries (Box 11-1) | 441 | ||
| External Carotid Artery | 444 | ||
| Internal Carotid Artery | 456 | ||
| Arteries of Thoracic Limb Subclavian Artery | 459 | ||
| Axillary Artery | 466 | ||
| Brachial Artery | 469 | ||
| Arteries of the Forepaw | 473 | ||
| Thoracic Aorta | 476 | ||
| Visceral Branches | 476 | ||
| Parietal Branches | 477 | ||
| Abdominal Aorta | 478 | ||
| Unpaired Visceral Branches of Abdominal Aorta | 478 | ||
| Paired Visceral Branches of Abdominal Aorta | 484 | ||
| Parietal Branches of Abdominal Aorta | 485 | ||
| Arteries of the Pelvic Limb | 487 | ||
| External Iliac Artery | 487 | ||
| Femoral Artery | 489 | ||
| Popliteal Artery | 493 | ||
| Arteries of the Hindpaw (Preuss 1942) | 493 | ||
| Internal Iliac Artery | 497 | ||
| Median Sacral Artery | 502 | ||
| Bibliography | 502 | ||
| 12 Veins | 505 | ||
| General Considerations | 505 | ||
| Cranial Vena Cava | 505 | ||
| Azygos System of Veins | 512 | ||
| Veins of the Thoracic Limb | 513 | ||
| Superficial Veins of the Thoracic Limb | 513 | ||
| Deep Veins of the Thoracic Limb | 514 | ||
| Veins of the Forepaw | 515 | ||
| Caudal Vena Cava | 516 | ||
| Portal Vein | 519 | ||
| Veins of the Pelvic Limb | 520 | ||
| Superficial Veins of the Pelvic Limb | 520 | ||
| Deep Veins of the Pelvic Limb | 521 | ||
| Veins of the Pelvis | 522 | ||
| Veins of the Hindpaw | 525 | ||
| Veins of the Central Nervous System | 526 | ||
| Venous Sinuses of the Cranial Dura Mater | 526 | ||
| Veins of the Brain | 529 | ||
| Veins of the Diploë | 530 | ||
| Meningeal Veins | 530 | ||
| Veins of the Spinal Cord and Vertebrae | 531 | ||
| Bibliography | 533 | ||
| 13 The Lymphatic System | 535 | ||
| General Considerations | 535 | ||
| Ontogenesis of the Lymphatic System | 535 | ||
| Lymph Drainage | 536 | ||
| Locomotor System | 536 | ||
| Endocrine System | 536 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 537 | ||
| Skin | 537 | ||
| Serous Membranes | 537 | ||
| Digestive Tract | 537 | ||
| Respiratory System | 537 | ||
| Urinary System | 537 | ||
| Genital System | 537 | ||
| Circulatory System | 537 | ||
| Lymph Vessels | 537 | ||
| Innervation of Lymph Vessels and Lymph Nodes | 538 | ||
| Lymphoid Tissue | 538 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 539 | ||
| Hemal Nodes | 539 | ||
| Lymph Nodules | 539 | ||
| Regional Anatomy of the Lymphatic System | 539 | ||
| Large Lymph Vessels | 539 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Head and Neck | 541 | ||
| Parotid Lymph Center | 541 | ||
| Mandibular Lymph Center | 541 | ||
| Retropharyngeal Lymph Center | 543 | ||
| Superficial Cervical Lymph Center | 544 | ||
| Deep Cervical Lymph Center | 544 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Thoracic Limb | 545 | ||
| Axillary Lymph Center | 545 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Thorax | 545 | ||
| Ventral Thoracic Lymph Center | 545 | ||
| Dorsal Thoracic Lymph Center | 547 | ||
| Mediastinal Lymph Center | 547 | ||
| Bronchial Lymph Center | 549 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Abdominal and Pelvic Walls | 550 | ||
| Lumbar Lymph Center | 550 | ||
| Iliosacral Lymph Center | 551 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera | 552 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Genital Organs | 552 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Abdominal Viscera | 552 | ||
| Celiac Lymph Center | 553 | ||
| Cranial Mesenteric Lymph Center | 554 | ||
| Lymph Trunks | 555 | ||
| Lymph Nodes and Vessels of the Pelvic Limb | 555 | ||
| Superficial Lymph Vessels | 555 | ||
| Popliteal Lymph Center | 555 | ||
| Iliofemoral Lymph Center | 556 | ||
| Inguinofemoral Lymph Center | 556 | ||
| Spleen | 557 | ||
| Thymus | 559 | ||
| Bibliography | 560 | ||
| 14 Introduction to the Nervous System | 563 | ||
| General | 563 | ||
| Structure of Neurons | 563 | ||
| Functional Segments of Neurons | 565 | ||
| Cell Body Segment | 565 | ||
| Receptive Segment | 565 | ||
| Trigger Zone | 565 | ||
| Conductile Segment | 565 | ||
| Transmissive Segment | 565 | ||
| Groups of Neurons | 566 | ||
| Supporting Cells | 569 | ||
| The Central Nervous System (CNS) | 569 | ||
| The Peripheral Nervous System | 571 | ||
| Functional Components of Nerves | 571 | ||
| Reflexes | 573 | ||
| 15 The Autonomic Nervous System | 575 | ||
| General Visceral Efferent System | 575 | ||
| Parasympathetic Division | 575 | ||
| Oculomotor (III) | 576 | ||
| Facial (VII) | 576 | ||
| Glossopharyngeal (IX) | 577 | ||
| Vagus (X) | 577 | ||
| Sacral Parasympathetics | 580 | ||
| Sympathetic Division | 581 | ||
| Sympathetic Distribution to Head and Neck | 581 | ||
| Sympathetic Distribution in Thoracic Region | 582 | ||
| Sympathetic Distribution in the Abdominal Region | 582 | ||
| Sympathetic Distribution in the Pelvic Region | 584 | ||
| Sympathetic Distribution to Somatic Vasculature | 585 | ||
| Enteric Nervous System | 585 | ||
| Bibliography | 586 | ||
| 16 Spinal Cord and Meninges | 589 | ||
| The Spinal Cord | 589 | ||
| Morphologic Features of the Spinal Cord | 589 | ||
| Spinal Cord Segments | 590 | ||
| Segmental Relationships to Vertebrae | 592 | ||
| Gray Matter of the Spinal Cord* | 593 | ||
| Gray Matter Organization | 595 | ||
| Gray Matter Nuclei | 595 | ||
| Dorsal Horn Nuclei | 595 | ||
| Intermediate Substance Nuclei | 595 | ||
| Ventral Horn Nuclei | 596 | ||
| Gray Matter Laminae | 597 | ||
| White Matter of the Spinal Cord | 597 | ||
| Spinal Cord Cranial Projecting Tracts | 598 | ||
| Dorsal Funiculus | 599 | ||
| Lateral Funiculus | 599 | ||
| Ventral Funiculus | 601 | ||
| Spinal Cord Caudal Projecting Tracts | 602 | ||
| Forebrain Origin | 602 | ||
| Telencephalic Caudal Projection Axons | 602 | ||
| Diencephalic Caudal Projecting Axons | 602 | ||
| Mesencephalic Caudal Projecting Axons | 602 | ||
| Rhombencephalic Caudal Projecting Axons | 603 | ||
| Spinal Reflexes | 603 | ||
| Transverse Sections of the Spinal Cord | 604 | ||
| Meninges, Brain Ventricles, and Cerebrospinal Fluid | 604 | ||
| The Meninges | 606 | ||
| Leptomeninges | 607 | ||
| The Ventricular System | 607 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | 608 | ||
| Flow | 608 | ||
| Drainage | 608 | ||
| Bibliography | 609 | ||
| 17 Spinal Nerves | 611 | ||
| Initial or Primary Branches of a Typical Spinal Nerve | 611 | ||
| General Features of Spinal Nerves | 612 | ||
| Cervical Nerves | 614 | ||
| Nerves to the Diaphragm | 617 | ||
| Brachial Plexus | 618 | ||
| Nerves of the Brachial Plexus That Supply Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | 621 | ||
| Nerves of the Forepaw (Manus) | 628 | ||
| Nerves of the Brachial Plexus That Supply Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb | 631 | ||
| Thoracic Nerves | 633 | ||
| Lumbar Nerves | 636 | ||
| Sacral Nerves | 645 | ||
| Nerves of the Plantar Surface of the Hindpaw (Pes) | 654 | ||
| Caudal Nerves | 656 | ||
| Bibliography | 656 | ||
| 18 The Brain | 658 | ||
| The Brainstem | 658 | ||
| Cranial Nerve Nuclei Overview | 658 | ||
| Reticular Formation Overview | 659 | ||
| The Medulla Oblongata | 660 | ||
| The Spinomedullary Junction | 660 | ||
| Caudal Half of the Medulla Oblongata | 661 | ||
| Level of the Facial Nucleus | 664 | ||
| Rostral End of the Medulla Oblongata | 665 | ||
| The Pons | 665 | ||
| Neuromodulation Overview | 666 | ||
| The Midbrain | 667 | ||
| The Diencephalon | 671 | ||
| The Thalamus | 672 | ||
| The Metathalamus | 673 | ||
| The Hypothalamus | 674 | ||
| The Epithalamus | 676 | ||
| The Subthalamus | 676 | ||
| The Cerebrum | 676 | ||
| Cerebral Hemisphere | 676 | ||
| The Rhinencephalon | 679 | ||
| Olfactory Pathways | 681 | ||
| The Septum | 682 | ||
| Hippocampal Formation | 682 | ||
| The Limbic System | 683 | ||
| Cerebral Neocortex | 684 | ||
| White Matter Related to Neocortex | 685 | ||
| Functional Regions of Neocortex | 685 | ||
| Basal Nuclei | 687 | ||
| The Cerebellum | 688 | ||
| Cerebellar Nuclei | 689 | ||
| Cerebellar Peduncles | 690 | ||
| The Cerebellar Cortex | 691 | ||
| Brain Atlas | 692 | ||
| Bibliography | 703 | ||
| 19 Cranial Nerves | 708 | ||
| Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I) | 708 | ||
| Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II) | 709 | ||
| Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III) | 710 | ||
| Trochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve IV) | 711 | ||
| Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V) | 712 | ||
| The Ophthalmic Nerve | 713 | ||
| The Maxillary Nerve | 715 | ||
| The Mandibular Nerve | 716 | ||
| Abducent Nerve (Cranial Nerve VI) | 721 | ||
| Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII) | 722 | ||
| Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Cranial Nerve VIII) | 724 | ||
| Glossopharyngeal Nerve (Cranial Nerve IX) | 725 | ||
| Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X) | 726 | ||
| Accessory Nerve (Cranial Nerve XI) | 728 | ||
| Hypoglossal Nerve (Cranial Nerve XII) | 728 | ||
| Cutaneous Innervation of the Head by Noncranial Nerves | 729 | ||
| Bibliography | 729 | ||
| 20 The Ear | 731 | ||
| The Inner Ear | 731 | ||
| Bony Labyrinth | 731 | ||
| Vestibule | 731 | ||
| Semicircular Canals | 731 | ||
| Cochlea | 732 | ||
| Membranous Labyrinth | 733 | ||
| Crista Ampullaris | 734 | ||
| Macula | 734 | ||
| Vestibular Nerve | 734 | ||
| Cochlear Duct-Spiral Organ | 734 | ||
| The Middle Ear | 736 | ||
| Tympanic Membrane | 736 | ||
| Tympanic Cavity | 736 | ||
| Bones and Articulations of the Middle Ear | 738 | ||
| Ligaments of the Ossicles | 739 | ||
| Muscles of the Ossicles | 739 | ||
| The External Ear | 739 | ||
| External Acoustic Meatus | 739 | ||
| Auricle | 739 | ||
| Muscles of the Ear | 741 | ||
| Scutiform Cartilage | 741 | ||
| Bibliography | 745 | ||
| 21 The Eye | 746 | ||
| Development | 746 | ||
| The Eyeball | 748 | ||
| Fibrous Tunic | 749 | ||
| Sclera | 749 | ||
| Cornea | 749 | ||
| Vascular Tunic | 752 | ||
| Choroid | 752 | ||
| Ciliary Body | 753 | ||
| Zonule | 754 | ||
| Iris | 754 | ||
| Internal Tunic | 756 | ||
| Lens | 758 | ||
| Chambers of the Eye | 760 | ||
| Vitreous | 761 | ||
| The Eye as an Optical Device | 761 | ||
| Orbit | 762 | ||
| Zygomatic Gland | 764 | ||
| Orbital Fasciae | 764 | ||
| Eyelids | 766 | ||
| Conjunctiva | 767 | ||
| Third Eyelid | 767 | ||
| Lacrimal Apparatus | 768 | ||
| Lacrimal Gland | 768 | ||
| Superficial Gland of the Third Eyelid | 769 | ||
| Conjunctiva | 769 | ||
| Nasolacrimal Duct System | 769 | ||
| Muscles | 770 | ||
| Intraocular | 770 | ||
| Extraocular | 770 | ||
| Palpebral | 772 | ||
| Innervation | 774 | ||
| Optic Nerve | 774 | ||
| Oculomotor Nerve | 774 | ||
| Trochlear Nerve | 775 | ||
| Trigeminal Nerve | 775 | ||
| Ophthalmic Nerve | 776 | ||
| Maxillary Nerve | 777 | ||
| Abducent Nerve | 777 | ||
| Facial Nerve | 777 | ||
| Vasculature | 778 | ||
| Arteries | 778 | ||
| Veins | 780 | ||
| Comparative Ophthalmology | 781 | ||
| Bibliography | 781 | ||
| Index | 787 | ||
| A | 787 | ||
| B | 792 | ||
| C | 794 | ||
| D | 800 | ||
| E | 802 | ||
| F | 803 | ||
| G | 807 | ||
| H | 809 | ||
| I | 810 | ||
| J | 812 | ||
| K | 813 | ||
| L | 813 | ||
| M | 817 | ||
| N | 823 | ||
| O | 827 | ||
| P | 829 | ||
| Q | 834 | ||
| R | 834 | ||
| S | 837 | ||
| T | 843 | ||
| U | 846 | ||
| V | 847 | ||
| W | 850 | ||
| X | 850 | ||
| Y | 850 | ||
| Z | 850 |