Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Applying dental anatomy to the practice of dentistry, Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion, 10th Edition provides illustrated coverage of dentitions, pulp formation, the sequence of eruptions, and clinical considerations. The market leader, this text is used as a reference in creating examination questions for the dental anatomy and occlusion section of the NBDE Part I. This edition expands its focus on clinical applications and includes dozens of online 360-degree and 3-D tooth animations. Written by expert educator and lecturer Dr. Stanley Nelson, Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy provides a solid foundation in this core subject for the practice of dentistry.
- Over 900 full-color images include detailed, well-labeled anatomical illustrations as well as clinical photographs
- Practical appendices include Review of Tooth Morphology with a concise review of tooth development from in utero to adolescence to adulthood, and Tooth Traits of the Permanent Dentition with tables for each tooth providing detailed information such as tooth notation, dimensions, position of proximal contacts, heights, and curvatures.Â
- 360-degree virtual reality animations on the Evolve companion website demonstrate 26 tooth views from multiple directions, while 27 3-D animations demonstrate dental structure and mandibular movement, helping you refine your skills in tooth identification and examination.Â
- 64 detachable flash cards show tooth traits and many illustrations from the book, making it easy to prepare for tests as well as for the NBDE and NBDHE.
- Over 200 multiple-choice review questions and answers let you assess your understanding of the content.
- 32 labeling exercises on Evolve challenge you to identify tooth structures and facial anatomy [?] with drag-and-drop labels.
- NEW Clinical Applications of Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion chapter includes practical applications and case studies, including instructions on root planing and scaling, extraction techniques and forces, relationship of fillings to pulp form and enamel form, and occlusal adjustment of premature occlusal contacts and arch form in relationship to bite splint designs, all preparing you for the NBDE’s new focus on clinical applications.Â
- NEW photos, illustrations, and research keep you up to date with the latest dental information.
- Three NEW animations on the Evolve companion website demonstrate occlusal adjustments.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ES2 | ||
| WHEELER’S Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction to Dental Anatomy | 1 | ||
| Formation of the Dentitions (Overview) | 1 | ||
| Nomenclature | 2 | ||
| Formulae for Mammalian Teeth | 2 | ||
| Tooth Numbering Systems | 2 | ||
| The crown and root | 4 | ||
| Surfaces and ridges | 5 | ||
| Other landmarks | 6 | ||
| Division into Thirds, Line Angles, and Point Angles | 9 | ||
| Tooth Drawing and Carving | 10 | ||
| Measurement of Teeth | 11 | ||
| Summary | 19 | ||
| References | 19 | ||
| Bibliography | 19 | ||
| Chapter 2: Development and Eruption of the Teeth | 21 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | 21 | ||
| Variability | 22 | ||
| Malformations | 22 | ||
| Chronology of Primary Dentition | 23 | ||
| Development and Eruption/Emergence of the Teeth | 23 | ||
| Primary teeth | 23 | ||
| Crown and Root Development | 25 | ||
| The Dentitions | 26 | ||
| Prenatal/perinatal/postnatal development | 26 | ||
| Development of the primary dentition | 27 | ||
| Sequence of emergence of primary teeth | 27 | ||
| Emergence of the primary teeth | 27 | ||
| Neuromuscular Development | 27 | ||
| Primary dentition | 27 | ||
| Transitional (Mixed) Dentition Period | 28 | ||
| Loss of Primary Teeth | 29 | ||
| Permanent Dentition | 30 | ||
| Size of Teeth | 31 | ||
| Dental Pulp | 31 | ||
| Cementoenamel Junction | 32 | ||
| Dental Age | 33 | ||
| Tooth Formation Standards | 35 | ||
| Chronologies of Human Dentition | 35 | ||
| Types of Chronologies | 35 | ||
| Stages of Tooth Formation | 35 | ||
| Age of Attainment | 35 | ||
| Age Prediction | 36 | ||
| Maturity Assessment | 37 | ||
| Duration of Root and Crown Formation | 37 | ||
| Summary of Chronologies | 37 | ||
| Sequence of Eruption | 40 | ||
| Estimating Time of Enamel Hypoplasia | 41 | ||
| References | 41 | ||
| Bibliography | 42 | ||
| Chapter 3: The Primary (Deciduous) Teeth | 43 | ||
| Life Cycle | 43 | ||
| Importance of Primary Teeth | 43 | ||
| Nomenclature | 43 | ||
| Major Contrasts between Primary and Permanent Teeth | 44 | ||
| Pulp Chambers and Pulp Canals | 45 | ||
| Detailed Description of Each Primary Tooth | 46 | ||
| MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR | 46 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 46 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 49 | ||
| Mesial and Distal Aspects | 49 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 50 | ||
| MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR | 51 | ||
| MAXILLARY CANINE | 51 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 51 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 51 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 52 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 52 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 52 | ||
| MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISOR | 52 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 52 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 52 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 53 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 53 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 53 | ||
| MANDIBULAR LATERAL INCISOR | 53 | ||
| MANDIBULAR CANINE | 53 | ||
| MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR | 54 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 54 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 55 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 56 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 56 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 56 | ||
| Summary of the occlusal aspect of the maxillary first primary molar | 57 | ||
| MAXILLARY SECOND MOLAR | 57 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 57 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 57 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 57 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 58 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 59 | ||
| MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR | 59 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 59 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 59 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 59 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 61 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 61 | ||
| MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR | 61 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 61 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 61 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 61 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 62 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 62 | ||
| References | 63 | ||
| Bibliography | 63 | ||
| Chapter 4: Forensics, Comparative Anatomy, Geometries, and Form and Function | 65 | ||
| Forensic Dentistry | 65 | ||
| Jaws and teeth | 65 | ||
| Chronological age | 66 | ||
| Dental DNA | 66 | ||
| Bitemarks | 67 | ||
| Comparative Dental Anatomy | 68 | ||
| Tooth form and jaw movements | 70 | ||
| Geometries of crown outlines | 72 | ||
| Facial and Lingual Aspects of All Teeth | 72 | ||
| Mesial and distal aspects of the anterior teeth | 73 | ||
| Mesial and distal aspects of the maxillary posterior teeth | 73 | ||
| Mesial and distal aspects of the mandibular posterior teeth | 73 | ||
| Summary of Schematic Outlines | 74 | ||
| Triangles | 74 | ||
| Trapezoids | 74 | ||
| Rhomboids | 74 | ||
| Form and Function of the Permanent Dentition | 74 | ||
| Alignment, Contacts, and Occlusion | 74 | ||
| Interproximal form | 75 | ||
| Root form | 75 | ||
| Occlusal curvature | 76 | ||
| References | 77 | ||
| Bibliography | 77 | ||
| Chapter 5: Orofacial Complex | 79 | ||
| Form and Function | 79 | ||
| Form Follows Function | 79 | ||
| Articulation of Teeth | 79 | ||
| Physiological Form of the Teeth and Periodontium | 80 | ||
| Fundamental Curvatures | 80 | ||
| Proximal Contact Areas | 80 | ||
| Interproximal Spaces (Formed by Proximal Surfaces in Contact) | 82 | ||
| Embrasures (Spillways) | 84 | ||
| Contact Areas and Incisal and Occlusal Embrasures from the Labial and Buccal Aspect | 86 | ||
| MAXILLARY TEETH | 86 | ||
| Chapter 6: The Permanent Maxillary Incisors | 97 | ||
| Maxillary Central Incisor | 97 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary central incisor from all aspects | 99 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 99 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 100 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 103 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 103 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 104 | ||
| Maxillary Lateral Incisor | 104 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary lateral incisor from all aspects | 106 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 106 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 107 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 107 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 107 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 109 | ||
| References | 109 | ||
| Chapter 7: The Permanent Mandibular Incisors | 111 | ||
| Mandibular Central Incisor | 111 | ||
| Detailed description of the mandibular central incisor from all aspects | 111 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 111 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 113 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 113 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 114 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 117 | ||
| Mandibular Lateral Incisor | 117 | ||
| Brief description of the mandibular lateral incisor from all aspects | 118 | ||
| Labial and Lingual Aspects | 118 | ||
| Mesial and Distal Aspects | 118 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 118 | ||
| References | 121 | ||
| Chapter 8: The Permanent Canines | 123 | ||
| Maxillary Canine | 123 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary canine from all aspects | 125 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 125 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 129 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 129 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 130 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 130 | ||
| Mandibular Canine | 130 | ||
| Detailed description of the mandibular canine from all aspects | 131 | ||
| Labial Aspect | 131 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 132 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 133 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 133 | ||
| Incisal Aspect | 136 | ||
| References | 136 | ||
| Chapter 9: The Permanent Maxillary Premolars | 137 | ||
| Maxillary First Premolar | 137 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary first premolar from all aspects | 139 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 139 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 141 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 141 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 145 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 145 | ||
| Maxillary Second Premolar | 146 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary second premolar from all aspects | 148 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 148 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 148 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 148 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 150 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 150 | ||
| Bibliography | 150 | ||
| Chapter 10: The Permanent Mandibular Premolars | 151 | ||
| Mandibular First Premolar | 151 | ||
| Detailed description of the mandibular first premolar from all aspects | 153 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 153 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 154 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 157 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 158 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 158 | ||
| Mandibular Second Premolar | 159 | ||
| Detailed description of the mandibular second premolar from all aspects | 162 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 162 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 162 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 162 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 163 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 163 | ||
| Bibliography | 163 | ||
| Chapter 11: The Permanent Maxillary Molars | 165 | ||
| Maxillary First Molar | 165 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary first molar from all aspects | 166 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 166 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 168 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 169 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 169 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 170 | ||
| Maxillary Second Molar | 174 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary second molar from all aspects | 175 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 175 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 175 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 176 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 176 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 177 | ||
| Maxillary Third Molar | 178 | ||
| Detailed description of the maxillary third molar from all aspects | 179 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 179 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 179 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 179 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 180 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 180 | ||
| Bibliography | 181 | ||
| Chapter 12: The Permanent Mandibular Molars | 183 | ||
| Mandibular First Molar | 183 | ||
| Detailed description of the mandibular first molar from all aspects | 184 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 184 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 189 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 190 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 191 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 192 | ||
| Mandibular Second Molar | 193 | ||
| Detailed description of the mandibular second molar from all aspects | 193 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 193 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 195 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 195 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 196 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 196 | ||
| Mandibular Third Molar | 196 | ||
| Detailed description of the mandibular third molar from all aspects | 198 | ||
| Buccal Aspect | 198 | ||
| Lingual Aspect | 199 | ||
| Mesial Aspect | 199 | ||
| Distal Aspect | 200 | ||
| Occlusal Aspect | 200 | ||
| References | 200 | ||
| Bibliography | 201 | ||
| Chapter 13: Pulp Chambers and Canals | 203 | ||
| Pulp, Chamber, and Canals | 203 | ||
| Radiographs | 203 | ||
| Size of the pulp cavity | 204 | ||
| Foramen | 205 | ||
| Demarcation of Pulp Cavity and Canal | 206 | ||
| Pulp Horns | 206 | ||
| Clinical Applications | 206 | ||
| Pulp Cavities of the Maxillary Teeth | 207 | ||
| Maxillary central incisor | 207 | ||
| Labiolingual Section (Figure 13-8, A) | 207 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-8, B) | 207 | ||
| Cervical and Midroot Cross Sections (Figure 13-8, C and D) | 207 | ||
| Maxillary lateral incisor | 208 | ||
| Labiolingual Section (Figure 13-9, A) | 208 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-9, B) | 208 | ||
| Cervical and Midroot Cross Sections (Figure 13-9, C and D) | 208 | ||
| Maxillary canine | 208 | ||
| Labiolingual Section (Figure 13-10, A and D) | 208 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-10, B and E) | 209 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-10, C) | 209 | ||
| Maxillary first premolar | 209 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-11, A and D) | 209 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-11, B and E) | 210 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-11, C) | 210 | ||
| Maxillary second premolar | 210 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-12, A and D) | 210 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-12, B and E) | 211 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-12, C) | 211 | ||
| Maxillary first molar | 212 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-13, A and D) | 212 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-13, B and E) | 213 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-13, C) | 213 | ||
| Midroot Cross Section (Figure 13-13, C) | 214 | ||
| Maxillary second molar | 214 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-14, A and D) | 214 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-14, B and E) | 215 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-14, C) | 215 | ||
| Midroot Cross Section (Figure 13-14, C) | 215 | ||
| Maxillary third molar | 215 | ||
| Pulp Cavities of the Mandibular Teeth | 215 | ||
| Mandibular central incisor | 215 | ||
| Labiolingual Section (Figure 13-16, A and D) | 215 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-16, B and E) | 216 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-16, C) | 216 | ||
| Mandibular lateral incisor | 216 | ||
| Labiolingual Section (Figure 13-18, A and D) | 216 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-18, B and E) | 217 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-18, C) | 218 | ||
| Mandibular canine | 218 | ||
| Labiolingual Section (Figure 13-19, A and D) | 218 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-19, B and E) | 219 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-19, C) | 219 | ||
| Mandibular first premolar | 219 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-20, A and D) | 219 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-20, B and E) | 220 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-20, C) | 220 | ||
| Mandibular second premolar | 220 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-21, A and D) | 220 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-21, B and E) | 221 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-21, C) | 221 | ||
| Mandibular first molar | 221 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-22, A and D) | 221 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-22, B and E) | 222 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-22, C, 1 through 5) | 223 | ||
| Midroot Cross Section (Figure 13-22, C, 6 through 9) | 223 | ||
| Mandibular second molar | 223 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-23, A and D) | 223 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-23, B and E) | 224 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-23, C, 1 through 5) | 225 | ||
| Midroot Cross Section (Figure 13-23, C, 6 through 9) | 225 | ||
| Mandibular third molar | 225 | ||
| Buccolingual Section (Figure 13-24, A and D) | 225 | ||
| Mesiodistal Section (Figure 13-24, B and E) | 225 | ||
| Cervical Cross Section (Figure 13-24, C, 1 through 5) | 226 | ||
| Midroot Cross Section (Figure 13-24, C, 6 through 9) | 226 | ||
| Radiographs: Pulp Chamber and Canals | 226 | ||
| Crown and Root Fractures | 227 | ||
| Relation of posterior root apices to the mandibular canal | 227 | ||
| References | 230 | ||
| Bibliography | 230 | ||
| Chapter 14: Dento-osseous Structures, Blood Vessels, and Nerves | 231 | ||
| The Maxillae | 231 | ||
| Anterior surface | 231 | ||
| Posterior surface | 232 | ||
| Orbital surface | 232 | ||
| Nasal surface | 233 | ||
| Zygomatic process | 233 | ||
| Frontal process | 233 | ||
| Palatine process | 233 | ||
| Alveolar process | 234 | ||
| Alveoli (tooth sockets) | 235 | ||
| Maxillary sinus | 236 | ||
| Maxillary articulation | 236 | ||
| The Mandible | 236 | ||
| Internal surface of the mandible | 240 | ||
| Alveolar process | 240 | ||
| Alveoli | 241 | ||
| Arterial Supply to the Teeth | 242 | ||
| Internal maxillary artery | 243 | ||
| Inferior alveolar artery | 243 | ||
| Superior alveolar arteries | 244 | ||
| Descending palatine and sphenopalatine arteries | 245 | ||
| Nerve Supply to the Jaws and Teeth | 248 | ||
| Maxillary nerve | 248 | ||
| Mandibular nerve | 249 | ||
| References | 249 | ||
| Bibliography | 249 | ||
| Chapter 15: The Temporomandibular Joints, Teeth, and Muscles, and Their Functions | 251 | ||
| Temporomandibular Articulation | 251 | ||
| Mandibular fossa | 251 | ||
| Condyloid process | 252 | ||
| Joint capsule | 253 | ||
| Mandibular ligaments | 253 | ||
| Articular disk | 254 | ||
| Mandibular positions | 255 | ||
| Mandibular movements | 256 | ||
| Muscles | 257 | ||
| Lateral pterygoid muscle | 258 | ||
| Masseter muscle | 258 | ||
| Medial pterygoid muscle | 258 | ||
| Temporalis muscle | 259 | ||
| Digastric muscle | 260 | ||
| Geniohyoid muscle | 260 | ||
| Tensor tympani and palatini muscles | 260 | ||
| Head and neck muscles | 261 | ||
| Mandibular Movements and Muscle Activity | 262 | ||
| Mandibular opening | 262 | ||
| Mandibular closing | 262 | ||
| Retrusion | 262 | ||
| Protrusion | 263 | ||
| Lateral movements | 263 | ||
| Chewing | 263 | ||
| Swallowing | 263 | ||
| Oral motor behavior | 263 | ||
| Overview of mastication | 264 | ||
| References | 264 | ||
| Bibliography | 265 | ||
| Chapter 16: Occlusion | 267 | ||
| Concepts of Occlusion | 267 | ||
| Development of the Dentitions | 268 | ||
| Primary Dentition | 268 | ||
| Overview of the primary occlusion | 268 | ||
| Eruption chronology of the primary teeth | 269 | ||
| Mean age of eruption | 269 | ||
| Contact relations | 269 | ||
| Primary arch form | 269 | ||
| Interdental spacing | 269 | ||
| Primary molar relationships | 270 | ||
| Effects of terminal plane relationships | 270 | ||
| Details of the primary occlusion | 271 | ||
| Mixed (Transitional) Dentition | 271 | ||
| Arch dimensions and tooth size | 271 | ||
| Arch width | 272 | ||
| Differences in tooth size | 273 | ||
| Incisal liability | 274 | ||
| Permanent Dentition | 274 | ||
| Dental arch form | 274 | ||
| Overlap of the teeth | 275 | ||
| Curvatures of occlusal planes | 276 | ||
| Inclination and angulation of the roots of the teeth | 276 | ||
| Functional form of the teeth at incisal and occlusal thirds | 277 | ||
| Facial and lingual relations of each tooth in one arch to its antagonists in the opposing arch in centric occlusion | 279 | ||
| Occlusal contacts and intercuspal relations between arches | 280 | ||
| Cusp, Fossa, and Marginal Ridge Relations | 280 | ||
| Concept of 138 points of occlusal contact | 280 | ||
| Occlusal contact relations and intercuspal relations of the teeth | 284 | ||
| Movements away from centric/eccentric movements | 284 | ||
| Lateral movements | 284 | ||
| Tooth guidance | 285 | ||
| Protrusive movements | 285 | ||
| Obtaining centric relation | 287 | ||
| Retrusive movements | 287 | ||
| Lateral Occlusal Relations | 288 | ||
| Occlusal cycle in the molar areas during right or left lateral occlusal relations | 289 | ||
| Biomechanics of Chewing Function | 290 | ||
| Protrusive occlusal relations | 290 | ||
| Neurobehavioral Aspects of Occlusion | 290 | ||
| Occlusal stability | 290 | ||
| Guidance of occlusion | 291 | ||
| Adaptation | 292 | ||
| Occlusal interferences | 293 | ||
| Vertical dimension | 294 | ||
| Oral Motor Behavior | 294 | ||
| Motivation | 295 | ||
| Homeostasis | 295 | ||
| Execution of motor behavior | 295 | ||
| Swallowing | 295 | ||
| Summary | 295 | ||
| References | 296 | ||
| Bibliography | 297 | ||
| Chapter 17: Clinical Application of Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion | 299 | ||
| Instrument Design/Usage Relating to Dental Anatomy | 299 | ||
| Oral Surgery | 301 | ||
| Periodontics | 305 | ||
| Endodontics | 306 | ||
| Restorative Dentistry | 307 | ||
| Esthetics | 309 | ||
| Variant Anatomy | 309 | ||
| Occlusion | 310 | ||
| References | 312 | ||
| Appendix A: Review of Tooth Morphology | 315 | ||
| Appendix B: Tooth Traits of the Permanent Dentition | 333 | ||
| Index | 341 | ||
| Flash Cards | 351 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ES3 |