Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Netter's Surgical Anatomy and Approaches is your quick reference to the key anatomical landmarks and operative techniques needed to best perform general surgical operative procedures! This one-of-a-kind resource combines the unmatched surgical anatomy illustrations of Frank H. Netter, MD with endoscopic, laparoscopic, and radiologic images - integrated with expert descriptions of each operative procedure - to provide a clear overview of the exposures, incision sites, surgically relevant landmarks, structures, fascial planes, and common anatomical variants and operative methods that are critical to your success in the operating room.
- Vividly visualize the surgical anatomy you need to know through the uniquely detailed, memorable artwork of Dr. Netter, Carlos Machado, MD, and other anatomy illustrators working in the Netter tradition.
- View surgical anatomy from a clinical perspective through photographs and endoscopic, laparoscopic, and radiologic images that capture important landmarks and anatomy and are integrated into an expert description of each operative procedure.
- Access the complete contents online for quick look-ups, including videos of relevant surgical dissections to help you review approaches to common operations.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | cover | ||
| Inside front cover | ifc1 | ||
| Marking page 1 | i | ||
| Marking page 2 | ii | ||
| Netter's Surgical Anatomy and Approaches | iii | ||
| Copyright page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| About the Artists | vi | ||
| Frank H. Netter, MD | vi | ||
| Carlos Machado, MD | vi | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Video Contents | ix | ||
| Contributors | xi | ||
| Table of Contents | xvii | ||
| 1 The Neck | 1 | ||
| 1 Selective (Supraomohyoid) Neck Dissection, Levels I-III | 3 | ||
| Introduction | 3 | ||
| Neck Anatomy for Surgical Planning | 4 | ||
| Incision Planning and Patient Positioning for Neck Dissection | 6 | ||
| Raising the Subplatysmal Flap | 6 | ||
| Level Ia-Ib Neck Dissection | 8 | ||
| Level II-III Neck Dissection | 10 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 12 | ||
| 2 Tracheotomy and Cricothyrotomy | 13 | ||
| Introduction | 13 | ||
| Indications and Principles of Tracheotomy | 13 | ||
| Preoperative Considerations | 14 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy and Tracheotomy Procedure | 14 | ||
| External Anatomy | 14 | ||
| Strap Muscles and Midline Raphe | 14 | ||
| Thyroid Isthmus | 16 | ||
| Anatomy with Trachea Visualized | 16 | ||
| Anatomy with Tracheotomy Tube in Place | 18 | ||
| Summary | 18 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 18 | ||
| 2 Endocrine | 19 | ||
| 3 Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy | 21 | ||
| Thyroidectomy | 21 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy for Thyroidectomy | 22 | ||
| Anatomy for Exposing the Thyroid Gland | 26 | ||
| Anatomy for Mobilization of the Thyroid Lobe | 26 | ||
| Anatomy of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve | 28 | ||
| Anatomy of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve | 28 | ||
| Anatomy for Ligation of the Inferior Thyroid Artery and Preservation of the Parathyroid Glands | 30 | ||
| Parathyroidectomy | 30 | ||
| Photographs | 30 | ||
| Anatomy and Embryology of Parathyroid Glands | 32 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 36 | ||
| 4 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy | 37 | ||
| Introduction | 37 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 40 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 42 | ||
| Right Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy | 42 | ||
| Left Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy | 46 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 48 | ||
| 3 Upper Gastrointestinal | 49 | ||
| 5 Esophagectomy | 51 | ||
| Introduction | 51 | ||
| Indications | 51 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 54 | ||
| Transhiatal Esophagectomy | 54 | ||
| Ivor Lewis and McKEOWN Approaches | 58 | ||
| Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy | 58 | ||
| Modified McKeown (Three-Hole) Esophagectomy | 60 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 64 | ||
| 6 Nissen Fundoplication | 65 | ||
| Introduction | 65 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 66 | ||
| Preoperative Studies | 70 | ||
| Anatomy for Esophageal Mobilization | 72 | ||
| Diaphragmatic Crura (Superior and Inferior Views) | 72 | ||
| Phrenoesophageal Ligament | 74 | ||
| Anatomy for Gastric Mobilization | 76 | ||
| Short Gastric Vessels | 76 | ||
| Dissection of the Left Pillar and Mobilization of Retroesophageal Space | 76 | ||
| Anatomy for Crural Closure and 360-Degree Fundoplication | 78 | ||
| Crural Closure | 78 | ||
| Identification of Posterior Gastric Fundus | 78 | ||
| Fundoplication Created around Esophagus | 78 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 80 | ||
| 7 Truncal and Highly Selective Vagotomy | 81 | ||
| Introduction | 81 | ||
| Clinical Indications | 82 | ||
| Surgical Decision Making | 86 | ||
| Innervation of Stomach | 86 | ||
| Truncal Vagotomy | 90 | ||
| Highly Selective Vagotomy | 90 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 92 | ||
| 8 Gastrectomy | 93 | ||
| Introduction | 93 | ||
| Principles of Gastric Cancer Treatment | 94 | ||
| Surgical Approach for Gastrectomy | 94 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 100 | ||
| 9 Heineke-Mikulicz Pyloroplasty and Duodenotomy for Bleeding Ulcer | 101 | ||
| Introduction | 101 | ||
| Principles of Treatment | 102 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 104 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 108 | ||
| 10 Pyloromyotomy for Pyloric Stenosis | 109 | ||
| Introduction | 109 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Pyloric Stenosis | 110 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging of Pyloric Stenosis | 112 | ||
| Principles of Pyloromyotomy | 112 | ||
| Open Surgical Approach | 114 | ||
| Laparoscopic Approach | 116 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 118 | ||
| 11 Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass | 119 | ||
| Introduction | 119 | ||
| Surgical Criteria | 120 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 120 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 124 | ||
| 4 Hepatobiliary | 125 | ||
| 12 Laparoscopic and Open Cholecystectomy | 127 | ||
| Introduction | 127 | ||
| Gallbladder Anatomy | 128 | ||
| Symptomatic Gallstones: Clinical Manifestations | 132 | ||
| Laparoscopic Approach | 134 | ||
| Positioning and Trocar Placement | 134 | ||
| The Critical View | 134 | ||
| Intraoperative Ultrasound and Cholangiography | 136 | ||
| Gallbladder Removal and Extraction | 136 | ||
| Conversion to Open Cholecystectomy | 138 | ||
| Special Circumstances | 140 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 140 | ||
| 13 Common Bile Duct Surgery and Choledochoduodenostomy | 141 | ||
| Introduction | 141 | ||
| Cystic Duct Anatomy and Variants | 142 | ||
| Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration | 144 | ||
| Transcystic Approach | 146 | ||
| Transductal/Choledochotomy Approach | 146 | ||
| Open Common Duct Exploration | 148 | ||
| Choledochoduodenostomy | 150 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 152 | ||
| 14 Hepatectomy | 153 | ||
| Introduction | 153 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 154 | ||
| Right Hepatic Lobectomy | 162 | ||
| Left Hepatic Lobectomy | 166 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 170 | ||
| 15 Distal Pancreatectomy | 171 | ||
| Introduction | 171 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 172 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 174 | ||
| Open Retrograde Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenectomy | 174 | ||
| Division of Splenic Artery and Vein | 176 | ||
| Division of Pancreas | 176 | ||
| Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreaticosplenectomy | 178 | ||
| Division of Neck of Pancreas | 178 | ||
| Distal Pancreatectomy with Splenic Preservation | 180 | ||
| Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy | 182 | ||
| Trocar Placement for Laparoscopic Approach | 182 | ||
| Laparoscopic Mobilization and Dissection | 182 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 184 | ||
| 16 Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 185 | ||
| Introduction | 185 | ||
| Principles of Pancreatic Cancer Treatment | 186 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 188 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 196 | ||
| 17 Splenectomy | 197 | ||
| Introduction | 197 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 198 | ||
| Laparoscopic Surgical Technique | 200 | ||
| Hand-Assisted or Open Approach | 200 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 202 | ||
| 18 Organ Transplantation | 203 | ||
| Introduction | 203 | ||
| Abdominal Organ Donation | 204 | ||
| Abdominal Surgical Approach | 204 | ||
| Kidney Transplantation | 210 | ||
| Kidney Surgical Approach | 210 | ||
| Pancreas Transplantation | 216 | ||
| Pancreas Surgical Approach | 216 | ||
| Liver Transplantation | 220 | ||
| Liver Surgical Approach | 222 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 228 | ||
| 5 Lower Gastrointestinal | 229 | ||
| 19 Appendectomy | 231 | ||
| Introduction | 231 | ||
| Anatomic Principles of Diagnosis and Evaluation | 232 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 234 | ||
| Exposure | 234 | ||
| Operative Anatomy | 236 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 238 | ||
| Laparoscopic Approach | 238 | ||
| Open Technique | 240 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 243 | ||
| 20 Abdominal Wall Anatomy and Ostomy Sites | 245 | ||
| Introduction | 245 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 246 | ||
| Abdominal Wall Anatomy | 246 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging | 246 | ||
| External Landmarks | 248 | ||
| Creating the Trephine | 248 | ||
| End Ostomy | 250 | ||
| Elevating the Bowel | 250 | ||
| Maturing the Ostomy | 252 | ||
| Loop Ostomy | 254 | ||
| Elevating the Bowel | 254 | ||
| Maturing the Ostomy | 254 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 256 | ||
| 21 Right Colectomy | 257 | ||
| Introduction | 257 | ||
| Superficial Anatomy and Topographic Landmarks | 258 | ||
| Anatomic Approach to Right Colectomy | 260 | ||
| Medial to Lateral | 260 | ||
| Identification of Ileocolic Vessels | 260 | ||
| Transection of Ileocolic Vessels | 262 | ||
| Variation in Arteries of Right Colon | 262 | ||
| Middle Colic Vessels | 262 | ||
| Omentum and Lesser Sac | 262 | ||
| Inferior Dissection | 264 | ||
| Anastomosis | 264 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 264 | ||
| 22 Left Colectomy | 265 | ||
| Introduction | 265 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 266 | ||
| Anatomy for Preoperative Imaging | 266 | ||
| Surface Anatomy, Incision, and Port Placement | 266 | ||
| Vascular Anatomy | 268 | ||
| Splenic Flexure | 272 | ||
| Sigmoid and Descending Colon | 274 | ||
| Upper Mesorectal Mobilization, Transection, and Anastomosis | 274 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 276 | ||
| 23 Transverse Colectomy | 277 | ||
| Introduction | 277 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 277 | ||
| Anatomy for Transverse Colectomy | 278 | ||
| Hepatic Flexure | 278 | ||
| Splenic Flexure | 278 | ||
| Relationships of Greater Omentum to Transverse Colon and Stomach | 280 | ||
| Middle Colic Artery and Vein | 282 | ||
| Completion of Transverse Colectomy | 284 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 286 | ||
| 24 Low Anterior Resection with Total Mesorectal Excision and Anastomosis | 287 | ||
| Introduction | 287 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 288 | ||
| Anatomy for Preoperative Imaging | 288 | ||
| Anatomy for Colonic Mobilization and Dissection | 288 | ||
| Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein: Anterior View | 294 | ||
| Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Vein: Medial Oblique View | 296 | ||
| Splenic Flexure | 296 | ||
| Anatomy for Rectal Mobilization and Dissection | 298 | ||
| Upper Mesorectum: Posterior Mesorectal Anatomy | 298 | ||
| Lower Mesorectum: Anterior Mesorectal Anatomy | 300 | ||
| Rectal Transection from Above | 302 | ||
| Rectal Transection from Below | 304 | ||
| Suggested Reading | 306 | ||
| 25 Abdominoperineal Resection | 307 | ||
| Introduction | 307 | ||
| Principles of Preoperative Evaluation | 308 | ||
| Anatomic Approach to Left Colon Mobilization | 310 | ||
| Approach for Rectal Dissection | 312 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 318 | ||
| 26 Hemorrhoids and Hemorrhoidectomy | 319 | ||
| Introduction | 319 | ||
| Anatomy of Hemorrhoids | 320 | ||
| Office Procedures | 322 | ||
| Operative Hemorrhoidectomy | 324 | ||
| Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy | 324 | ||
| Strangulated Hemorrhoids | 324 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 326 | ||
| 27 Perirectal Abscess and Fistula in Ano | 327 | ||
| Introduction | 327 | ||
| Perirectal Abscess | 328 | ||
| Anatomic Description | 328 | ||
| Surgical Management of Anorectal Abscess | 330 | ||
| Specific Abscesses | 330 | ||
| Abscess with Fistula | 330 | ||
| Deep Postanal Space | 332 | ||
| Fistula in Ano | 334 | ||
| Anatomic Description | 334 | ||
| Types of Fistula | 334 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging and Patient Positioning | 334 | ||
| Surgical Management of Anorectal Fistula | 334 | ||
| Crohn-Related Abscess and Fistula | 338 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 338 | ||
| 6 Hernia | 339 | ||
| 28 Open Inguinal Hernia Repair | 341 | ||
| Introduction | 341 | ||
| Terminology | 342 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 346 | ||
| Tension-Free Repair | 350 | ||
| Primary Tissue Repair | 352 | ||
| Summary | 354 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 354 | ||
| 29 Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair | 355 | ||
| Introduction | 355 | ||
| Laparoscopic Approaches | 356 | ||
| Key Anatomic Concepts for Laparoscopic Repair | 356 | ||
| Myopectineal Orifice | 356 | ||
| Inguinal Ligament versus Ileopubic Tract | 358 | ||
| Pectineal Ligament | 358 | ||
| Inguinal Geometry | 360 | ||
| Principles of Laparoscopic Repair | 360 | ||
| Transabdominal Preperitoneal Approach | 362 | ||
| Totally Extraperitoneal Approach | 364 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 366 | ||
| 30 Femoral Hernia Repair | 367 | ||
| Introduction | 367 | ||
| Anatomy | 368 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 368 | ||
| Imaging | 368 | ||
| Open Surgical Repair | 370 | ||
| Laparoscopic Surgical Repair | 372 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 374 | ||
| 31 Open Ventral Hernia Repair | 375 | ||
| Introduction | 375 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 376 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging | 376 | ||
| Anatomy of Abdominal Wall | 376 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 380 | ||
| Creation of Retrorectus Space | 380 | ||
| Exposure of Cooper’s Ligament and Pelvis | 382 | ||
| Lateral Dissection in Preperitoneal Plane | 382 | ||
| Posterior Layer Reconstruction | 382 | ||
| Mesh Deployment | 384 | ||
| Reconstruction of Linea Alba | 384 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 386 | ||
| 7 Vascular | 387 | ||
| 32 Exposure of the Carotid Bifurcation | 389 | ||
| Introduction | 389 | ||
| Carotid Endarterectomy | 390 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 392 | ||
| Anatomic Landmarks | 394 | ||
| Arterial Dissection | 394 | ||
| Carotid Bifurcation | 396 | ||
| Arteriotomy and Closure | 396 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 398 | ||
| 33 Aortic Exposure from the Midline Abdomen | 399 | ||
| Introduction | 399 | ||
| Surgical Planning | 400 | ||
| Incisional Anatomy | 400 | ||
| Iliac Exposure | 402 | ||
| Lateral Approach | 402 | ||
| Aortic Dissection | 404 | ||
| Renal Vasculature | 406 | ||
| Special Concerns | 408 | ||
| Aortobifemoral Bypass | 410 | ||
| Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm | 410 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 412 | ||
| 34 Exposure of the Superior Mesenteric Artery and Celiac Axis | 413 | ||
| Introduction | 413 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 413 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 414 | ||
| Surgical Planning | 416 | ||
| Anterior Transperitoneal Exposure | 416 | ||
| Retroperitoneal Exposure | 418 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 420 | ||
| 35 Upper Extremity Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis | 421 | ||
| Introduction | 421 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 422 | ||
| Technical Considerations | 422 | ||
| Preoperative Vessel Mapping by Duplex Ultrasound | 422 | ||
| Arteriovenous Fistulas | 424 | ||
| Radiocephalic Fistula | 424 | ||
| Brachiocephalic Fistula | 424 | ||
| Brachiobasilic Fistula | 424 | ||
| Prosthetic Arteriovenous Graft | 426 | ||
| Forearm Looped Graft | 426 | ||
| Brachioaxillary Graft | 426 | ||
| Cutaneous Innervation of Upper Limb | 428 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 430 | ||
| 36 Saphenofemoral Exposure | 431 | ||
| Introduction | 431 | ||
| Femoral Anatomy | 432 | ||
| Exposure of Femoral Artery | 434 | ||
| Saphenofemoral Anatomy | 436 | ||
| Exposure of Saphenofemoral Junction | 436 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 438 | ||
| 37 Exposure of the Common Femoral Artery and Vein | 439 | ||
| Introduction | 439 | ||
| Femoral Anatomy | 440 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 442 | ||
| Incisions and Closure | 442 | ||
| Nerve and Venous Injury | 442 | ||
| Major Arterial Branches | 444 | ||
| Avoiding the Common Femoral Artery | 446 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 448 | ||
| 38 Exposure of the Popliteal Artery and Vein | 449 | ||
| Introduction | 449 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 450 | ||
| Medial Suprageniculate Approach | 450 | ||
| Medial Infrageniculate Approach | 454 | ||
| Posterior Approach | 454 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 456 | ||
| 39 Above-Knee and Below-Knee Amputation | 457 | ||
| Introduction | 457 | ||
| Preoperative Evaluation | 457 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 458 | ||
| Below-Knee Amputation | 462 | ||
| Above-Knee Amputation | 464 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 464 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 466 | ||
| 8 Vascular Access and Emergency Procedures | 467 | ||
| 40 Central Line Anatomy | 469 | ||
| Introduction | 469 | ||
| Common Details for Venous Catheterization | 470 | ||
| Internal Jugular Vein Catheterization | 470 | ||
| Subclavian Vein Catheterization | 472 | ||
| Femoral Vein Catheterization | 474 | ||
| Complications | 474 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 476 | ||
| 41 Arterial Line Anatomy | 477 | ||
| Introduction | 477 | ||
| Radial Artery | 478 | ||
| Axillary Artery | 480 | ||
| Brachial Artery | 480 | ||
| Femoral and Dorsalis Pedis Arteries | 482 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 484 | ||
| 42 Leg and Forearm Fasciotomy | 485 | ||
| Introduction | 485 | ||
| Leg Fasciotomy | 486 | ||
| Etiology of Compartment Syndrome | 490 | ||
| Clinical Diagnosis and Decision Making | 492 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 496 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy and Technique | 496 | ||
| Forearm Fascotomy | 500 | ||
| Clinical Diagnosis and Decision Making | 502 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 504 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy and Technique | 504 | ||
| Closure | 504 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 504 | ||
| 43 Chest Tube Placement | 507 | ||
| Introduction | 507 | ||
| Superficial Anatomy and Topographic Landmarks | 508 | ||
| Specific Indications and Conditions | 512 | ||
| Urgent Placement | 512 | ||
| Semiurgent Placement | 512 | ||
| Nonurgent (Elective) Placement | 512 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 514 | ||
| 44 Emergency Thoracotomy for Trauma | 515 | ||
| Introduction | 515 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 516 | ||
| Thoracotomy Technique | 516 | ||
| Lung Mobilization | 518 | ||
| Control of Cardiac Injury | 518 | ||
| Cardiac Massage | 520 | ||
| Control at Hilum and Injury Repair | 520 | ||
| Aortic Clamping | 522 | ||
| Conclusion | 524 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 524 | ||
| 45 Tracheal Intubation and Endoscopic Anatomy | 525 | ||
| Introduction | 525 | ||
| Airway Anatomy | 526 | ||
| Upper Airway | 526 | ||
| Larynx | 528 | ||
| Nose and Nasopharynx | 530 | ||
| Lower Airway | 530 | ||
| Indications for Intubation | 532 | ||
| Preintubation Airway Examination | 532 | ||
| Anesthesia | 534 | ||
| Laryngoscopy | 534 | ||
| Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy | 536 | ||
| Oral Approach | 536 | ||
| Nasotracheal Approach | 536 | ||
| Failed Intubation | 538 | ||
| Summary | 538 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 538 | ||
| 9 Breast and Oncology | 539 | ||
| 46 Mastectomy | 541 | ||
| Introduction | 541 | ||
| Partial Mastectomy | 542 | ||
| Total Mastectomy | 544 | ||
| Modified Radical Mastectomy | 544 | ||
| Breast Removal and Reconstruction | 544 | ||
| Summary | 546 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 546 | ||
| 47 Duct Excision | 547 | ||
| Introduction | 547 | ||
| Preoperative Workup | 548 | ||
| Surgical Principles | 550 | ||
| Excision Technique | 550 | ||
| Summary | 552 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 552 | ||
| 48 Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy | 553 | ||
| Introduction | 553 | ||
| Dye/Radiotracer and Injection Sites | 554 | ||
| Lymphatic Drainage | 554 | ||
| Lesion Drainage to Lymph Nodes | 556 | ||
| Identification of the Sentinel Lymph Node | 558 | ||
| Summary | 560 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 560 | ||
| 49 Axillary and Inguinal Lymphadenectomy | 561 | ||
| Introduction | 561 | ||
| Axillary Lymph Node Dissection | 562 | ||
| Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection | 566 | ||
| Summary | 568 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 568 | ||
| 50 Retroperitoneal Sarcoma | 569 | ||
| Introduction | 569 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging and Incision | 570 | ||
| Abdominal Exposure for Tumor Removal | 572 | ||
| Summary | 574 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 574 | ||
| 10 Urology and Gynecology | 575 | ||
| 51 Hysterectomy for Benign and Malignant Conditions | 577 | ||
| Introduction | 577 | ||
| Surgical Anatomy | 578 | ||
| Cardinal and Uterosacral Ligaments | 578 | ||
| Round and Broad Ligaments | 578 | ||
| Vascular Landmarks and Ureteral Injury | 578 | ||
| Hysterectomy | 582 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 582 | ||
| Abdominal Dissection | 582 | ||
| Ovarian Preservation | 584 | ||
| Clamping and Mobilization | 584 | ||
| Specimen Removal and Closure | 584 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 586 | ||
| 52 Oophorectomy for Benign and Malignant Conditions | 587 | ||
| Introduction | 587 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging | 588 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 588 | ||
| Anatomy and Dissection of the Adnexa | 588 | ||
| Gonadal Vessels and Infundibulopelvic Ligament | 590 | ||
| Utero-ovarian Vessels | 592 | ||
| Large Masses and Modified Approaches | 592 | ||
| Radical Oophorectomy | 594 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 596 | ||
| 53 Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Radical Nephrectomy | 597 | ||
| Introduction | 597 | ||
| Preoperative Imaging | 598 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 598 | ||
| Patient Positioning and Trocar Placement | 598 | ||
| Mobilization of Left Colon | 600 | ||
| Dissection | 602 | ||
| Ureter | 602 | ||
| Renal Hilum | 604 | ||
| Adrenal Gland | 604 | ||
| Lateral Attachments Divided | 606 | ||
| Extraction | 606 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 606 | ||
| 54 Radical Prostatectomy | 607 | ||
| Introduction | 607 | ||
| Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Principles | 608 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 610 | ||
| Posterior Prostatic Dissection | 610 | ||
| Development of Space of Retzius | 612 | ||
| Bladder Neck Dissection | 614 | ||
| Neurovascular Bundle Preservation | 614 | ||
| Prostatic Pedicle Ligation and Division of Deep Dorsal Venous Plexus | 616 | ||
| Division of Urethra | 618 | ||
| Vesicourethral Anastomosis | 618 | ||
| Specimen Extraction | 618 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 620 | ||
| 55 Radical Cystectomy | 621 | ||
| Introduction | 621 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 622 | ||
| Bladder Mobilization | 622 | ||
| Dissection of Ureters | 624 | ||
| Pelvic Lymphadenectomy | 626 | ||
| Pedicle Dissection | 628 | ||
| Urethral Ligation | 630 | ||
| Anterior Pelvic Exenteration | 632 | ||
| Bladder Mobilization | 632 | ||
| Vagina-Sparing Technique | 632 | ||
| Urethrectomy | 634 | ||
| Vaginal Reconstruction | 634 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 636 | ||
| Index | 637 | ||
| A | 637 | ||
| B | 638 | ||
| C | 639 | ||
| D | 640 | ||
| E | 641 | ||
| F | 641 | ||
| G | 642 | ||
| H | 642 | ||
| I | 643 | ||
| J | 644 | ||
| K | 644 | ||
| L | 644 | ||
| M | 646 | ||
| N | 646 | ||
| O | 647 | ||
| P | 647 | ||
| Q | 649 | ||
| R | 649 | ||
| S | 650 | ||
| T | 651 | ||
| U | 652 | ||
| V | 653 | ||
| W | 653 | ||
| X | 653 | ||
| Y | 653 | ||
| Z | 653 |