BOOK
Physical Dysfunction Practice Skills for the Occupational Therapy Assistant - E-Book
Mary Elizabeth Patnaude | Mary Beth Early
(2013)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Covering the scope, theory, and approaches to the practice of occupational therapy, Physical Dysfunction Practice Skills for the Occupational Therapy Assistant, 3rd Edition prepares you to care for adults who have physical disabilities. It takes a client-centered approach, following the latest OT Practice framework as it defines your role as an OTA in physical dysfunction practice. New to this edition is coverage of polytrauma, advances in prosthetics and assistive technologies, and assessment and interventions of traumatic brain injury problems related to cognitive and visual perception. Written by respected educator Mary Beth Early, Physical Dysfunction Practice Skills for the Occupational Therapy Assistant helps you develop skills in the assessment of client factors, intervention principles, and clinical reasoning.
- Case studies offer snapshots of real-life situations and solutions, with many threaded throughout an entire chapter.
- A client-centered approach allows you to include the client when making decisions about planning and treatment, using the terminology set forth by the 2008 Occupational Therapy Practice Framework.
- Evidence-based content includes clinical trials and outcome studies, especially those relating to intervention.
- Key terms, chapter outlines, and chapter objectives introduce the essential information in each chapter.
- Reading guide questions and summaries in each chapter make it easier to measure your comprehension of the material.
- Information on prevention is incorporated throughout the book, especially in the Habits on Health and Wellness chapter.
- Cultural diversity/sensitivity information helps you learn about the beliefs and customs of other cultures so you can provide appropriate care.
- An Evolve companion website reinforces learning with resources such as review questions, forms for practice, crossword puzzles, and other learning activities.
- New content on the latest advances in OT assessment and intervention includes prosthetics and assistive technologies, and updated assessment and interventions of TBI (traumatic brain injury) problems related to cognitive and visual perception.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover\r | Cover | ||
| Selected Abbreviations from Medicine and Rehabilitation* | IFC1 | ||
| Physical Dysfunction Practice Skills for the Occupational Therapy Assistant\r | iii | ||
| Copyright\r | iv | ||
| Dedication\r | v | ||
| Contributors\r | vii | ||
| Preface\r | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments \r | xiii | ||
| Contents\r | xv | ||
| PART I Foundations \r | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Occupational Therapy and Physical Disabilities: Scope, Theory, and Approaches to Practice | 2 | ||
| How Physical Dysfunction Affects Engagement in Occupation | 4 | ||
| Theories and Models | 5 | ||
| Model versus Frame of Reference | 5 | ||
| Human Occupation | 7 | ||
| Practice Approaches | 10 | ||
| Treatment Continuum in Physical Disabilities Practice | 12 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 14 | ||
| Summary | 14 | ||
| References | 15 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 15 | ||
| Chapter 2 - The Disability Experience and the Therapeutic Process | 17 | ||
| A Context: The Model of Human Occupation | 18 | ||
| Another Context: Developmental Stages | 19 | ||
| Psychological and Social Consequences of Physical Dysfunction | 20 | ||
| Origins of Attitudes toward Persons with Physical Disabilities | 23 | ||
| Adjustment to Physical Dysfunction | 25 | ||
| Psychological and Social Considerations in Treatment of Physical Dysfunction | 30 | ||
| Substance Abuse | 36 | ||
| Advocacy, Empowerment, and Changing Societal Attitudes | 36 | ||
| Summary | 37 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 37 | ||
| Exercises | 37 | ||
| References | 38 | ||
| Recommended Reading, Study and Viewing | 39 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Infection Control and Safety Issues in the Clinic* | 41 | ||
| Safety Recommendations for the Clinic | 42 | ||
| Patient Safety | 42 | ||
| Infection Control | 42 | ||
| Incidents and Emergencies | 45 | ||
| Preventive Positioning for Specific Diagnoses | 48 | ||
| Precautions with Special Equipment | 49 | ||
| Summary | 51 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 52 | ||
| References | 52 | ||
| Resources | 52 | ||
| PART II Process\r | 53 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Occupational Therapy Process: Evaluation and Intervention in Physical Dysfunction | 54 | ||
| Steps or Stages in the Occupational Therapy Process | 54 | ||
| Evaluation Process | 57 | ||
| Intervention Planning | 62 | ||
| Implementing the Treatment Plan | 66 | ||
| Discharge Planning and Discontinuation of Treatment | 67 | ||
| Summary | 72 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 75 | ||
| References | 76 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Documentation of Occupational Therapy Services* | 77 | ||
| Occupational Therapist Practitioner Roles in Documentation | 78 | ||
| Documentation and Ethics | 78 | ||
| Legal Aspects of Documentation | 78 | ||
| Quality of Documentation Content | 79 | ||
| Permanent Legal Record | 79 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Record | 79 | ||
| Methods of Documentation | 79 | ||
| Functional Outcomes | 80 | ||
| Electronic Health Record | 80 | ||
| Classification Codes for Billing of Services | 81 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Practice Framework | 81 | ||
| Overview of the Reporting Process | 81 | ||
| Medicare Reports | 90 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 92 | ||
| References | 92 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 92 | ||
| PART III Assessment\r | 95 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Assessment of Motor Control and Functional Movement | 96 | ||
| Motor Control | 96 | ||
| Dynamical Systems Theory | 97 | ||
| Postural Mechanism | 97 | ||
| Upper Extremity Motor Recovery | 103 | ||
| Coordination | 108 | ||
| Summary | 111 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 111 | ||
| References | 111 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 112 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Assessment of Joint Range of Motion* | 113 | ||
| Role of the Occupational Therapy Assistantin Joint Measurement | 113 | ||
| General Principles of Joint Measurement | 113 | ||
| Method of Joint Measurement | 114 | ||
| Goniometer | 114 | ||
| Joint Limitation and Disease Processes | 118 | ||
| Procedure for Joint Measurement | 119 | ||
| Procedures for Goniometric Measurement and Testing of Selected Upper Extremity Motions | 119 | ||
| Screening for Functional Range of Motion | 130 | ||
| Summary | 130 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 131 | ||
| References | 131 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 131 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Assessment of Muscle Strength* | 132 | ||
| Role of the Occupational Therapy Assistantin Evaluating Muscle Strength | 132 | ||
| Limitations Resulting from Muscle Weakness | 132 | ||
| General Purposes of Muscle Strength Measurement | 133 | ||
| Methods of Evaluation | 133 | ||
| Relationship between Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Testing | 133 | ||
| Manual Muscle Testing | 133 | ||
| Factors Influencing Muscle Function | 134 | ||
| Muscle Grades | 135 | ||
| Procedure for Manual Muscle Testing | 135 | ||
| Manual Muscle Testing of the Upper Extremity | 135 | ||
| Functional Muscle Testing | 152 | ||
| Summary | 155 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 155 | ||
| Exercise | 155 | ||
| References | 155 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 155 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Evaluation and Observation of Deficits in Sensation, Perception, and Cognition | 156 | ||
| Sensation | 157 | ||
| Perception | 162 | ||
| Cognition | 165 | ||
| Insight and Awareness | 168 | ||
| Summary | 169 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 169 | ||
| References | 169 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 171 | ||
| PART IV Intervention Principles\r | 173 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Teaching and Learning Motor Performance in Occupational Therapy* | 174 | ||
| Motor Learning Principles | 177 | ||
| Distribution and Variability of Skill Practice | 179 | ||
| Stages of Motor Learning and Practice Schedules | 179 | ||
| Principles and Methods of Teaching | 180 | ||
| Methods of Teaching | 184 | ||
| Summary | 185 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 185 | ||
| References | 185 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Habits of Health and Wellness | 187 | ||
| Taking Care of Ourselves: Stress and Burnout in Occupational Therapy Practitioners | 188 | ||
| Introduction to Wellness | 189 | ||
| Maintaining Physical Health: Minimizing the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders | 191 | ||
| Body Mechanics | 191 | ||
| Joint Protection | 193 | ||
| Ergonomics in the Occupational Therapy Clinic | 194 | ||
| Therapist Safety in the Clinic | 196 | ||
| Maintaining Emotional Health: Balance of Work, Rest, and Play | 196 | ||
| Summary | 202 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 202 | ||
| References | 202 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Occupations, Purposeful Activities, and Preparatory Activities | 204 | ||
| Active Occupation | 206 | ||
| Evolving Practice | 207 | ||
| Purposeful Activity and Active Occupation | 207 | ||
| Occupation and Health | 208 | ||
| Assessment of Occupational Role Performance | 209 | ||
| Activity Analysis | 209 | ||
| Adapting and Grading Activity | 209 | ||
| Selection of Activity | 211 | ||
| Simulated or Enabling Activity | 212 | ||
| Adjunctive Modalities | 213 | ||
| Therapeutic Approaches | 214 | ||
| Therapeutic Exercise and Activity | 214 | ||
| Physical Agent Modalities | 221 | ||
| Selection of Appropriate Modalities in the Continuum of Care | 224 | ||
| Summary | 227 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 228 | ||
| References | 228 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 229 | ||
| PART V Performance in Areas\rof Occupation\r | 231 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Activities of Daily Living | 232 | ||
| Definitions | 233 | ||
| Evaluation of Occupational Performance in Activities of Daily Living | 233 | ||
| Factors to Consider in Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Evaluation and Training | 234 | ||
| Evaluation of Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | 235 | ||
| Home Evaluation | 243 | ||
| Community Living Skills | 248 | ||
| Health Management | 249 | ||
| Training in Activities of Daily Living/Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | 249 | ||
| Specific Techniques for Activities of Daily Living | 250 | ||
| Parenting with a Disability | 274 | ||
| Traveling with a Disability | 275 | ||
| Service Animals and Skilled Companions | 276 | ||
| Summary | 276 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 276 | ||
| Exercises | 277 | ||
| References | 277 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 278 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Assistive Technology | 279 | ||
| What Is Assistive Technology? | 280 | ||
| Rehabilitative/Assistive/Universal Technologies | 280 | ||
| Rehabilitation Technology | 280 | ||
| Role of Assistive Technology in Occupational Participation | 281 | ||
| Human Interface Assessment | 281 | ||
| Types of Electronic Enabling Technologies | 281 | ||
| Control Technologies | 286 | ||
| Output Options | 291 | ||
| Summary | 293 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 293 | ||
| References | 294 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Moving in the Environment | 296 | ||
| SECTION I FUNCTIONAL AMBULATION | 297 | ||
| Functional Ambulation | 297 | ||
| Basics of Ambulation | 297 | ||
| Practical Instruction and Safety | 298 | ||
| Functional Ambulation Application | 299 | ||
| Summary | 300 | ||
| SECTION II WHEELCHAIR ASSESSMENT AND TRANSFERS | 300 | ||
| Mobility Assistive Equipment | 301 | ||
| Wheelchair Evaluation | 302 | ||
| Wheelchair Ordering Considerations | 302 | ||
| Rental versus Purchase | 303 | ||
| Wheelchair Selection | 303 | ||
| Wheelchair Measurement Procedures | 307 | ||
| Additional Seating and Positioning Considerations | 308 | ||
| Accessories | 310 | ||
| Preparing the Prescription | 310 | ||
| Wheelchair Safety | 310 | ||
| Transfer Techniques | 311 | ||
| Summary | 319 | ||
| SECTION III IMPORTANCE OF DRIVING AND COMMUNITY MOBILITY | 319 | ||
| Occupational Therapy and Driving | 319 | ||
| Driving across the Span of OT Practice | 319 | ||
| Purpose of the Driving Evaluation | 320 | ||
| Candidates for Driving Assessment | 320 | ||
| Driving Evaluation | 320 | ||
| Modes of Community Mobility | 323 | ||
| Task Demands | 323 | ||
| Intervention | 323 | ||
| Summary | 324 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 324 | ||
| References | 325 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 326 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Sexuality: An Activity of Daily Living | 327 | ||
| Normal Human Sexual Response | 327 | ||
| Sexuality and Neurologic Function | 328 | ||
| Societal Attitudes | 328 | ||
| Role of Occupational Therapy | 328 | ||
| Team Approach | 329 | ||
| PLISSIT | 329 | ||
| Developing Competency | 332 | ||
| Dealing with Physical Symptoms of Dysfunction | 332 | ||
| Dealing with Other Barriers to Sexuality | 335 | ||
| Other Aspects of Sexuality | 335 | ||
| Summary | 336 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 337 | ||
| References | 337 | ||
| Recommended Reading/Resources | 337 | ||
| CHAPTER 17 - Work | 339 | ||
| History of Occupational Therapy Involvement in Work Programs | 339 | ||
| Role of the Occupational Therapy Assistant in Work Programs | 341 | ||
| Industrial Rehabilitation | 341 | ||
| Transition Services from School to Work | 349 | ||
| Work Readiness Programs | 350 | ||
| Older Workers | 351 | ||
| Summary | 351 | ||
| Selected Study Guide Questions | 351 | ||
| References | 351 | ||
| Chapter 18 - Promoting Engagement in Leisure and Social Participation | 354 | ||
| Leisure and Social Participation | 355 | ||
| Importance of Leisure and Social Activities in Everyday Life | 356 | ||
| Importance for People with Disabilities | 356 | ||
| Facilitating Leisure and Social Participation | 357 | ||
| Summary | 367 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 367 | ||
| Learning Activities | 367 | ||
| References | 367 | ||
| Resources | 369 | ||
| PART VI Interventions for\rPerformance Skills\rand Client Factors\r | 371 | ||
| Chapter 19 - The Older Adult | 372 | ||
| Developmental Factors | 373 | ||
| Common Age-Related Changes | 373 | ||
| Common Pathological Conditions That Influence Health and Function | 375 | ||
| Cognitive Changes | 375 | ||
| Potential Effects of Medication on Functioning | 376 | ||
| Communicating with Older Adults and Their Caregivers | 376 | ||
| Developing Appropriate Occupational Therapy Goals | 377 | ||
| Intervention Settings | 378 | ||
| Medicare, Medicaid, and the Resident Assessment Instrument | 381 | ||
| Environmental Safety/Fall Prevention and the Restraint-Free Environment | 382 | ||
| Summary | 387 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 388 | ||
| References | 388 | ||
| Chapter 20 - Hand Splinting | 390 | ||
| Structures of the Hand | 390 | ||
| Normal Hand Function | 392 | ||
| Principles of Hand Splinting | 394 | ||
| Splint Fabrication | 400 | ||
| Summary | 406 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 406 | ||
| References | 407 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 407 | ||
| Chapter 21 - Neurotherapeutic Approaches to Treatment | 408 | ||
| Rood Approach | 409 | ||
| Movement Therapy: Brunnstrom Approach to Treatment of Hemiplegia | 413 | ||
| Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation | 417 | ||
| Neurodevelopmental Treatment of Adult Hemiplegia: Bobath Approach | 424 | ||
| Summary | 429 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 431 | ||
| References | 431 | ||
| Chapter 22 - Interventions for Visual and Other Sensory Dysfunction | 433 | ||
| Normal Sensory Function | 433 | ||
| Interventions for Sensory Dysfunction | 434 | ||
| Summary of Interventions for Sensory Dysfunction | 437 | ||
| Treatment of Vision Deficits and Visual-Perceptual Dysfunction | 438 | ||
| Summary | 447 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 448 | ||
| References | 448 | ||
| Chapter 23 - Intervention for Disturbances in Cognition and Perception* | 450 | ||
| Principles of Cognitive Retraining to Enhance Learning and Memory | 455 | ||
| Summary of Intervention for Those with Cognitive Impairments | 458 | ||
| Intervention for Perceptual and Perceptual Motor Deficits | 458 | ||
| Overview of Intervention for Cognitive and Perceptual Deficits | 462 | ||
| Summary | 463 | ||
| Selecting Reading Guide Questions | 463 | ||
| References | 463 | ||
| PART VII Clinical Applications\r | 467 | ||
| Chapter 24 - Cerebrovascular Accident | 468 | ||
| Definition | 468 | ||
| Etiology | 469 | ||
| Effects | 469 | ||
| Medical Management | 469 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Intervention | 470 | ||
| Occupational Performance Domain of Concern for Treatment | 471 | ||
| Dysfunction Characteristics and Occupational Therapy Interventions | 471 | ||
| Hemispheric Lateralization | 481 | ||
| Cerebellum and Brainstem Stroke | 482 | ||
| Areas of Occupation and Occupational Therapy Treatment Techniques | 482 | ||
| Summary | 488 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 488 | ||
| References | 488 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 490 | ||
| Online Resources for Stroke Survivors and Caregivers | 490 | ||
| Chapter 25 - Traumatic Brain Injury | 491 | ||
| Changes in Body Structures and Functions | 491 | ||
| Medical Management | 496 | ||
| Severity of Injury | 498 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Evaluation | 504 | ||
| Treatment of Clients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury | 505 | ||
| Treatment of Clients with Mild Brain Injury | 508 | ||
| Outcome after TBI | 512 | ||
| Summary | 512 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 512 | ||
| References | 513 | ||
| Chapter 26 - Degenerative Diseases of the Central Nervous System* | 515 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 517 | ||
| Parkinson’s Disease | 521 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 525 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 527 | ||
| Summary | 530 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 530 | ||
| References | 531 | ||
| Chapter 27 - Spinal Cord Injury | 534 | ||
| Results of Spinal Cord Injury | 535 | ||
| Prognosis for Recovery | 536 | ||
| Medical and Surgical Management of the Person with Spinal Cord Injury | 537 | ||
| Sexual Function | 539 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Intervention | 540 | ||
| Establishing Treatment Objectives | 542 | ||
| Treatment Methods | 542 | ||
| Aging with Spinal Cord Injury | 552 | ||
| Research | 554 | ||
| Summary | 554 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 555 | ||
| References | 555 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 555 | ||
| Suggested Websites | 556 | ||
| Chapter 28 - Neuropathic and Myogenic Dysfunction* | 557 | ||
| Disease of the Neuromuscular Junction | 565 | ||
| Myopathic Disorders | 565 | ||
| Summary | 566 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 566 | ||
| References | 566 | ||
| Chapter 29 - Arthritic Diseases* | 569 | ||
| Medical Management | 574 | ||
| Psychological Factors | 574 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Intervention | 575 | ||
| Summary | 588 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 589 | ||
| References | 589 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 589 | ||
| Resources | 590 | ||
| Chapter 30 - Acute Hand Injuries | 591 | ||
| Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders | 591 | ||
| Information Gathering and Observation | 592 | ||
| Physical Evaluation of Body Functions | 593 | ||
| Functional Evaluation | 598 | ||
| Goal-Directed Treatment Techniques | 599 | ||
| Normalization of Sensation | 602 | ||
| Specific Interventions for Selected Hand Injuries | 604 | ||
| Summary | 618 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 618 | ||
| References | 619 | ||
| Chapter 31 - Hip Fractures and Lower Extremity Joint Replacement | 622 | ||
| Hip Fractures | 623 | ||
| Hip Fractures: Types of Hip Fractures and Medical Management | 623 | ||
| Lower Extremity Joint Replacement | 625 | ||
| Psychological Factors | 627 | ||
| Rehabilitation Measures | 628 | ||
| Summary | 636 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 637 | ||
| Application Exercises for Students | 637 | ||
| References | 637 | ||
| Chapter 32 - Burns | 639 | ||
| Skin | 639 | ||
| Measures of Burn Injury Severity | 640 | ||
| Hospital Medical Management | 640 | ||
| Burn Rehabilitation | 642 | ||
| Role of Occupational Therapy | 644 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 651 | ||
| References | 652 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 653 | ||
| Resources for Custom-Made Garments | 653 | ||
| Resources for Overlay and Insert Materials | 653 | ||
| Internet Websites and Blogs | 653 | ||
| Chapter 33 - Amputation and Prosthetics | 654 | ||
| Team Members | 654 | ||
| Congenital and Acquired Amputations | 654 | ||
| Psychological Adjustment | 655 | ||
| Postoperative Complications | 655 | ||
| Upper Extremity Amputations | 656 | ||
| Future Developments and Plans of Action | 666 | ||
| Lower Extremity Amputations | 666 | ||
| Summary | 673 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 673 | ||
| References | 674 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 674 | ||
| Resources | 675 | ||
| Chapter 34 - Cardiac Dysfunction and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 676 | ||
| Cardiovascular System | 676 | ||
| Pathology of Cardiac Disease | 678 | ||
| Cardiac Rehabilitation | 679 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology of Respiration | 682 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 683 | ||
| Pulmonary Rehabilitation | 684 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Evaluation and Treatment of Persons with Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction | 685 | ||
| Summary | 687 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 687 | ||
| Exercises | 687 | ||
| References | 687 | ||
| Chapter 35 - Oncology | 689 | ||
| Medical Background Information | 689 | ||
| Reasons for Referral to Occupational Therapy | 692 | ||
| Personal Meaning and a Diagnosis of Cancer | 693 | ||
| Specific Diagnoses of Cancer and the Role of the Occupational Therapy Assistant | 694 | ||
| Issues Concerning Death and Dying | 696 | ||
| Summary | 697 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 697 | ||
| References | 698 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 698 | ||
| Chapter 36 - HIV Infection and AIDS | 699 | ||
| Considerations for Persons with HIV Disease and AIDS | 700 | ||
| Occupational Therapy | 702 | ||
| Occupational Therapy Assessment and Evaluation | 703 | ||
| Interventions | 703 | ||
| Summary | 707 | ||
| Selected Reading Guide Questions | 707 | ||
| References | 708 | ||
| Recommended Reading | 708 | ||
| Websites | 708 | ||
| Index | 709 |