BOOK
Cummings Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery E-Book
Paul W. Flint | Bruce H. Haughey | K. Thomas Robbins | J. Regan Thomas | John K. Niparko | Valerie J. Lund | Marci M. Lesperance
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Now in its 6th edition, Cummings Otolaryngology remains the world's most detailed and trusted source for superb guidance on all facets of head and neck surgery. Completely updated with the latest minimally invasive procedures, new clinical photographs, and line drawings, this latest edition equips you to implement all the newest discoveries, techniques, and technologies that are shaping patient outcomes. Be certain with expert, dependable, accurate answers for every stage of your career from the most comprehensive, multi-disciplinary text in the field!
- Consult this title on your favorite e-reader , conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
- Overcome virtually any clinical challenge with detailed, expert coverage of every area of head and neck surgery, authored by hundreds of leading luminaries in the field.
- Experience clinical scenarios with vivid clarity through a heavily illustrated, full-color format which includes approximately 3,200 images and over 40 high quality procedural videos.
- Get truly diverse perspectives and worldwide best practices from a multi-disciplinary team of contributors and editors comprised of the world’s leading experts.
- Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information. All chapters have been meticulously updated; several extensively revised with new images, references, and content.
- Stay at the forefront of your field with the most updated information on minimally-invasive surgical approaches to the entire skull base, vestibular implants and vestibular management involving intratympanic and physical therapy-based approaches, radiosurgical treatment of posterior fossa and skull base neoplasms, and intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerve and CNS function.
- Apply the latest treatment options in pediatric care with new chapters on pediatric sleep disorders, pediatric infectious disease, and evaluation and management of the infant airway.
- Find what you need faster through a streamlined format, reorganized chapters, and a color design that expedites reference.
- Manage many of the most common disorders with treatment options derived from their genetic basis.
- Assess real-world effectiveness and costs associated with emergent technologies and surgical approaches introduced to OHNS over the past 10 years.
- Incorporate recent findings about endoscopic, microscopic, laser, surgically-implantable, radiosurgical, neurophysiological monitoring, MR- and CT-imaging, and other timely topics that now define contemporary operative OHNS.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vol. I | Vol. 1_Cover | ||
| Front cover | Vol. 1_Cover | ||
| IFC_Vol.1 | IFC1 | ||
| Half title page | Vol-1-i | ||
| Contents Breakdown | Vol-1-ii | ||
| Cummings Otolaryngology | Vol-1-iii | ||
| Copyright page | Vol-1-iv | ||
| In Memoriam | Vol-1-v | ||
| Contributors | Vol-1-vii | ||
| Preface | Vol-1-xxix | ||
| Acknowledgments | Vol-1-xxxi | ||
| Table of Contents | Vol-1-xxxiii | ||
| Video Contents | Vol-1-xl | ||
| I Measuring Outcomes and Performance | 1 | ||
| 1 Outcomes Research | 3 | ||
| Key Points | 3 | ||
| History | 3 | ||
| Key Terms and Concepts | 4 | ||
| Bias and Confounding | 4 | ||
| Assessment of Baseline | 4 | ||
| Definition of Disease. | 4 | ||
| Disease Severity. | 4 | ||
| Comorbidity. | 4 | ||
| Assessment of Treatment | 4 | ||
| Control Groups. | 4 | ||
| Assessment of Outcomes | 5 | ||
| Efficacy. | 5 | ||
| Effectiveness. | 5 | ||
| Fundamentals of Study Design | 5 | ||
| Randomized Trial | 5 | ||
| Observational Study | 5 | ||
| Case-Control Study | 6 | ||
| Case Series and Expert Opinion | 6 | ||
| Other Study Designs | 6 | ||
| Grading of Evidence-Based Medicine Recommendations | 6 | ||
| Measurement of Clinical Outcomes | 6 | ||
| Psychometric Validation | 6 | ||
| Categories of Outcomes | 7 | ||
| Examples of Outcomes Measures | 7 | ||
| Generic Scales | 7 | ||
| Disease-Specific Scales | 7 | ||
| Head and Neck Cancer. | 7 | ||
| Otologic Disease. | 8 | ||
| Rhinologic Disease. | 8 | ||
| Pediatric Diseases. | 8 | ||
| Voice. | 8 | ||
| Sleep. | 9 | ||
| Symptom Scales | 9 | ||
| Summary and Future Directions | 9 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 9 | ||
| References | 9.e1 | ||
| 2 Interpreting Medical Data | 10 | ||
| Key Points | 10 | ||
| Seven Habits of Highly Effective Data Users | 10 | ||
| Habit 1: Check Quality before Quantity | 10 | ||
| Habit 2: Describe before You Analyze | 13 | ||
| Habit 3: Accept the Uncertainty of All Data | 15 | ||
| Habit 4: Measure Error with the Right Statistical Test | 16 | ||
| Habit 5: Put Clinical Importance before Statistical Significance | 17 | ||
| Habit 6: Seek the Sample Source | 19 | ||
| Habit 7: View Science as a Cumulative Process | 20 | ||
| Popular Statistical Tests Used by Otolaryngologists | 22 | ||
| t Test | 22 | ||
| Vol. II | Vol. 2_Cover | ||
| Front cover | Vol. 2_Cover | ||
| Half title page | Vol-2-i | ||
| Contents Breakdown | Vol-2-ii | ||
| Cummings Otolaryngology | Vol-2-iii | ||
| Copyright page | Vol-2-iv | ||
| In Memoriam | Vol-2-v | ||
| Contributors | Vol-2-vii | ||
| Preface | Vol-2-xxix | ||
| Acknowledgments | Vol-2-xxxi | ||
| Table of Contents | Vol-2-xxxiii | ||
| Video Contents | Vol-2-xl | ||
| VI Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology | 1051 | ||
| 1 General Considerations | 1053 | ||
| 73 Fundamentals of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy | 1053 | ||
| Key Points | 1053 | ||
| Fundamentals of Molecular Biology | 1053 | ||
| Gene Expression | 1053 | ||
| Cell Division | 1054 | ||
| Gene Therapy | 1055 | ||
| Replacing Defective Genes | 1055 | ||
| Enhancing Gene Expression | 1055 | ||
| Suppressing Gene Expression | 1055 | ||
| Somatic Versus Germ Cell Gene Therapy | 1056 | ||
| Permanent Versus Temporary Gene Therapy | 1057 | ||
| Methods of Delivering Gene Therapy | 1057 | ||
| Direct Injection of Genetic Material | 1057 | ||
| DNA-Mediated Transfer of Therapeutic Genes | 1057 | ||
| Direct Delivery of RNA for Gene Silencing | 1058 | ||
| Viral-Mediated Gene Transfer | 1059 | ||
| Retroviruses | 1059 | ||
| Adenoviruses | 1059 | ||
| Adeno-Associated Virus | 1060 | ||
| Optimizing Gene Delivery with Tissue Engineering | 1060 | ||
| Strategies for Administering Gene Therapy | 1061 | ||
| Ex Vivo Gene Therapy | 1061 | ||
| In Vivo Gene Therapy | 1062 | ||
| Therapeutic Levels of Gene Expression | 1062 | ||
| Why Gene Therapy? | 1062 | ||
| New Therapeutic Approach | 1062 | ||
| Site-Specific Gene Expression | 1063 | ||
| Improved Efficacy and Safety | 1063 | ||
| Improved Routes of Administration and Compliance | 1063 | ||
| Preventive Medicine and a Reduction in Health Care Costs | 1063 | ||
| Applications of Somatic Gene Therapy in Otolaryngology | 1063 | ||
| Inherited Disease | 1063 | ||
| Head and Neck Oncology | 1063 | ||
| Immune Modulation Approaches | 1063 | ||
| Genetic Modification of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes | 1063 | ||
| Direct In Vivo Stimulation of an Antitumor Immune Response | 1064 | ||
| Suicide Gene Therapy | 1064 | ||
| Gene Augmentation Strategies | 1065 | ||
| Modifying Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes | 1065 | ||
| Inhibiting Angiogenesis | 1065 | ||
| Gene Suppression Strategies | 1066 | ||
| Gene Silencing | 1066 | ||
| Oncolytic Viruses | 1066 | ||
| Conditionally Replicating Adenovirus Therapy | 1066 | ||
| Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery | 1067 | ||
| Reconstructive Tissue Flaps and Wound Healing | 1067 | ||
| Repair and Regeneration of Irradiated Tissue | 1068 | ||
| Applications in Laryngology | 1068 | ||
| Applications in Otology and Neurotology | 1068 | ||
| Conclusion | 1069 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 1069 | ||
| References | 1069.e1 | ||
| 74 Molecular Biology of Head and Neck Cancer | 1070 | ||
| Key Points | 1070 | ||
| Background | 1070 | ||
| Tumor Suppressor Genes | 1071 | ||
| TP53 | 1071 | ||
| CDKN2A | 1072 | ||
| Oncogenes | 1072 | ||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor | 1072 | ||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway | 1072 | ||
| Clinical Implications | 1073 | ||
| Cetuximab | 1073 | ||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Resistance | 1073 | ||
| Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors | 1073 | ||
| Conclusions | 1074 | ||
| Ras, Raf/MEK/ERK, and PIK/Akt/mTOR | 1074 | ||
| Sequencing Alterations | 1075 | ||
| NOTCH1 | 1075 | ||
| Genomics and Expression Microarrays in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 1076 | ||
| Proteomics | 1077 | ||
| Epigenetics | 1077 | ||
| DNA Methylation | 1077 | ||
| CDKN2A | 1077 | ||
| MGMT | 1078 | ||
| DAPK1 | 1078 | ||
| E-cadherin | 1078 | ||
| Other Genes | 1078 | ||
| Histone Modification | 1078 | ||
| Micro RNAs | 1079 | ||
| Oncogenic Micro RNAs | 1079 | ||
| Tumor Suppressor Micro RNAs | 1079 | ||
| Clinical Implications | 1079 | ||
| Applications of Epigenetic Alterations | 1079 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus | 1080 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus Background and Mechanisms of Oncogenesis | 1081 | ||
| Cancer Stem Cells | 1081 | ||
| Conclusion | 1082 | ||
| Selected Readings | 1082 | ||
| References | 1082.e1 | ||
| 75 Human Papillomavirus and the Epidemiology of Head and Neck Cancer | 1083 | ||
| Key Points | 1083 | ||
| Epidemiology of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection | 1083 | ||
| Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus–Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancers | 1084 | ||
| Incidence | 1084 | ||
| Site | 1084 | ||
| Clinical Characteristics | 1084 | ||
| Demographics | 1084 | ||
| Risk Factor Profile | 1084 | ||
| Treatment Considerations | 1085 | ||
| High-Risk Subgroups | 1085 | ||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor | 1086 | ||
| Deintensification Strategies | 1086 | ||
| Surgery | 1086 | ||
| Future Directions | 1087 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 1087 | ||
| References | 1087.e1 | ||
| 76 Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: | 1088 | ||
| Key Points | 1088 | ||
| Basic Physics | 1089 | ||
| Characteristics of Radiation | 1089 | ||
| Radiation Production by Radioactive Decay | 1090 | ||
| Radiation Production from Linear Accelerators | 1090 | ||
| Interaction of X-Rays with Matter | 1090 | ||
| Coherent Scattering. | 1091 | ||
| Photoelectric Effect. | 1091 | ||
| Compton Effect. | 1091 | ||
| Pair Production. | 1091 | ||
| Photodisintegration. | 1091 | ||
| Deposition of Dose | 1091 | ||
| Deposition of Energy | 1091 | ||
| Radiation in Conventional Medicine | 1092 | ||
| Linear Accelerators | 1092 | ||
| Particle Beams | 1093 | ||
| Treatment Aspects of External Beam Radiation | 1093 | ||
| Treatment Planning | 1094 | ||
| Radiobiology | 1095 | ||
| Cell-Cycle Arrest | 1095 | ||
| Mitotic Death | 1095 | ||
| Radiosensitivity | 1095 | ||
| Cell Survival | 1096 | ||
| Tissue-Radiation Characterizations | 1097 | ||
| Clinical Applications | 1098 | ||
| Radiation Fractionation | 1098 | ||
| Altered Fractionation Schedules. | 1098 | ||
| Radiosensitizers | 1099 | ||
| Reducing Hypoxia. | 1099 | ||
| Concomitant Chemotherapy. | 1100 | ||
| Unresectable Tumors. | 1100 | ||
| Induction Chemotherapy. | 1100 | ||
| Organ Preservation. | 1101 | ||
| Postoperative Treatment. | 1101 | ||
| Targeted Therapy. | 1102 | ||
| Advanced Radiation Technologies | 1102 | ||
| Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy | 1103 | ||
| Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer | 1103 | ||
| Defining the Target: Imaging | 1103 | ||
| Selection and Outlining of the Targets | 1104 | ||
| Target Definitions in the Head and Neck. | 1104 | ||
| Selection and Delineation of the Lymphatic Clinical Target Volumes. | 1104 | ||
| Planning Target Volumes. | 1104 | ||
| Optimization Process: Number and Directions of the Beams. | 1104 | ||
| Clinical Results | 1104 | ||
| Nasopharynx. | 1105 | ||
| Paranasal Sinuses. | 1105 | ||
| Oropharynx. | 1105 | ||
| Larynx and Hypopharynx. | 1106 | ||
| Proton Therapy | 1106 | ||
| Neutron and Carbon Ion Therapy | 1106 | ||
| Imaging-Guided Radiotherapy | 1106 | ||
| Tracking Anatomic Changes During Therapy | 1106 | ||
| Brachytherapy | 1106 | ||
| Radiation Side Effects | 1107 | ||
| Acute Side Effects | 1107 | ||
| Dermatitis | 1107 | ||
| Vol. III | Vol. 3_Cover | ||
| Front cover | Vol. 3_Cover | ||
| Half title page | Vol-3-i | ||
| Contents Breakdown | Vol-3-ii | ||
| Cummings Otolaryngology | Vol-3-iii | ||
| Copyright page | Vol-3-iv | ||
| In Memoriam | Vol-3-v | ||
| Contributors | Vol-3-vii | ||
| Preface | Vol-3-xxix | ||
| Acknowledgments | Vol-3-xxxi | ||
| Table of Contents | Vol-3-xxxiii | ||
| Video Contents | Vol-3-xl | ||
| VII Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery | 2234 | ||
| 5 Inner Ear | 2234 | ||
| 146 Cochlear Transduction and the Molecular Basis of Auditory Pathology | 2234 | ||
| Key Points | 2234 | ||
| Passive Cochlear Mechanics | 2235 | ||
| Physical Dimensions | 2247 | ||
| The Traveling Wave | 2248 | ||
| Active Cochlear Mechanics | 2250 | ||
| Role of Outer Hair Cells in Active Mechanics | 2251 | ||
| Prestin (SLC26A5) is Essential for Outer Hair Cell Motility and Active Transduction | 2252 | ||
| Conversion of Basilar Membrane Displacement to Radial Shearing Forces | 2253 | ||
| Radial Displacement Patterns of the Basilar Membrane | 2254 | ||
| Tectorial Membrane Pathophysiology | 2255 | ||
| Hair Cell Transduction | 2257 | ||
| Hair Cell Stereocilia | 2258 | ||
| Hair Bundle Deflections and Receptor Potentials | 2258 | ||
| Hair Cell Transduction Channels | 2260 | ||
| Transduction Channel Ion Selectivity | 2261 | ||
| Gating of Transduction Channels | 2261 | ||
| Composition of Stereocilia | 2262 | ||
| Defects in Cytoskeletal Proteins Lead to Deafness | 2263 | ||
| Dynamic Regulation of Stereocilia Length | 2264 | ||
| Interstereociliary Linkages | 2265 | ||
| Myosin VI | 2266 | ||
| Adaptation of Mechanoelectrical Transduction Currents | 2267 | ||
| Effects of Deficiencies of Other Hair Cell Channels on Hearing | 2268 | ||
| Defects in Hair Cell–Afferent Dendrite Synapses Lead to Deafness | 2269 | ||
| Auditory Neuropathy | 2270 | ||
| Perilymphatic-Endolymphatic Barrier | 2270 | ||
| Endolymph Homeostasis | 2270 | ||
| Summary | 2273 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2273 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 2273 | ||
| References | 2274.e1 | ||
| 147 Genetics of Ear Disorders | 2275 | ||
| Key Points | 2275 | ||
| The Genome | 2275 | ||
| DNA Structure and the Genetic Code | 2276 | ||
| Gene Structure and Expression | 2276 | ||
| Molecular Basis of Patterns of Inheritance | 2276 | ||
| Chromosomal Disorders | 2277 | ||
| Aneuploidies | 2277 | ||
| Chromosomal Rearrangements | 2278 | ||
| Single-Gene Disorders | 2278 | ||
| Dominant Disorders | 2278 | ||
| Recessive Disorders | 2279 | ||
| Penetrance and Expressivity | 2280 | ||
| Oligogenic Disorders | 2281 | ||
| X-Linkage | 2281 | ||
| Sporadic Cases | 2281 | ||
| Mitochondrial Disorders | 2281 | ||
| Complex Traits | 2281 | ||
| Genetic Heterogeneity | 2282 | ||
| Testing Human DNA | 2282 | ||
| Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2282 | ||
| Nucleic Acid Hybridization and Southern Blotting | 2282 | ||
| DNA Chips | 2282 | ||
| Mutation Testing | 2282 | ||
| Ethical Issues | 2284 | ||
| Utility of Molecular Genetics in Otolaryngology | 2284 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 2284 | ||
| References | 2284.e1 | ||
| 148 Genetic Sensorineural Hearing Loss | 2285 | ||
| Key Points | 2285 | ||
| Background | 2285 | ||
| Classification of Hearing Impairment | 2285 | ||
| Diagnosis of Hearing Impairment | 2286 | ||
| Epidemiology of Hearing Impairment | 2286 | ||
| Historic Background of Genetics | 2287 | ||
| Fundamentals of Genetics | 2287 | ||
| Patterns of Inheritance | 2287 | ||
| Autosomal Dominant | 2287 | ||
| Autosomal Recessive | 2288 | ||
| X-Linked Inheritance | 2288 | ||
| Mitochondrial Inheritance | 2288 | ||
| Genetic Hearing Impairment | 2288 | ||
| Nonsyndromic Hearing Impairment | 2288 | ||
| Autosomal-Recessive Nonsyndromic Hearing Impairment | 2289 | ||
| DFNB1. | 2289 | ||
| Autosomal-Dominant Nonsyndromic Hearing Impairment | 2290 | ||
| DFNA2 (High-Frequency Hearing Loss). | 2290 | ||
| DFNA8/12 and DFNA13 (Midfrequency Hearing Loss). | 2291 | ||
| DFNA6/14/38 (Low-Frequency Hearing Loss). | 2292 | ||
| X-Linked Nonsyndromic Hearing Impairment | 2293 | ||
| Mitochondrial Nonsyndromic Hearing Impairment | 2293 | ||
| Syndromic Hearing Impairment | 2293 | ||
| Autosomal-Dominant Syndromic Hearing Impairment | 2293 | ||
| Branchio-oto-renal Syndrome | 2293 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis Type 2 | 2294 | ||
| Stickler Syndrome | 2295 | ||
| Waardenburg Syndrome | 2295 | ||
| Treacher Collins Syndrome | 2295 | ||
| Autosomal-Recessive Syndromic Hearing Impairment | 2295 | ||
| Pendred Syndrome | 2295 | ||
| Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome | 2296 | ||
| Usher Syndromes | 2296 | ||
| Biotinidase Deficiency | 2296 | ||
| Refsum Disease | 2296 | ||
| X-Linked Syndromes | 2296 | ||
| Alport Syndrome | 2296 | ||
| Mohr-Tranebjaerg Syndrome | 2297 | ||
| Mitochondrial Syndromes | 2297 | ||
| Patient Management | 2297 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2297 | ||
| Genetic Testing | 2298 | ||
| Prenatal Testing | 2298 | ||
| Treatment | 2299 | ||
| Prevention of Hearing Impairment | 2299 | ||
| Cultural Considerations | 2299 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 2299 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 2299 | ||
| References | 2300.e1 | ||
| 149 Otologic Manifestations of Systemic Disease | 2301 | ||
| Key Points | 2301 | ||
| Granulomatous and Infectious Diseases | 2301 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 2301 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2302 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 2303 | ||
| Wegener Granulomatosis | 2304 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2305 | ||
| Sarcoidosis | 2305 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2306 | ||
| Syphilis | 2306 | ||
| Lyme Disease | 2307 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2307 | ||
| Mycotic Diseases | 2307 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2308 | ||
| Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease | 2308 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 2308 | ||
| Multiple Myeloma | 2308 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2309 | ||
| Leukemia | 2309 | ||
| Lymphoma | 2310 | ||
| Metastatic Neoplasms | 2310 | ||
| Diseases of the Bone | 2310 | ||
| Paget Disease | 2311 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2311 | ||
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 2312 | ||
| Otologic Manifestations | 2312 | ||
| Fibrous Dysplasia | 2313 |