Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Accurately diagnose and treat adult and pediatric sleep disorders with exceptional visual guidance from world-renowned sleep expert Dr. Meir H. Kryger. Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine is an easy-to-read, highly illustrated atlas that details the physiologic, clinical, morphologic, and investigational aspects of the full range of sleep disorders you encounter in everyday practice -- and helps you interpret the visual manifestations of your patients’ sleep disorders so you can manage them most effectively.
- Consult this title on your favorite e-reader , conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.
- Visually grasp how sleep affects each body system thanks to a full-color compendium that correlates the physiology of sleep with the relevant findings.
- Determine the best and most up-to-date drug therapy with information about the latest drugs available as well as those in clinical trials.
- Compare your patients’ polysomnograms to a wealth of high-quality recordings taken from the latest machines used by institutions around the world.
- Score, interpret, and diagnose sleep disorders employing the scoring rules from the latest AASM scoring manual.
- Stay current with the latest on sleep and psychiatric disease, circadian desynchrony, dreaming, insomnia, home sleep testing, new sleep apnea treatments, and more.
- Understand the correlation between sleep and other health issues – such as stroke and heart failure.
- Find diagnostic and treatment information quickly and easily thanks to a highly illustrated, easy-to-read format that highlights key details.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Expert Consult ad | IFC2 | ||
| Atlas of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 2/e | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Foreword to the Second Edition | xi | ||
| Foreword to the First Edition | xii | ||
| Preface to the Second Edition | xiii | ||
| Preface to the First Edition | xiv | ||
| Technical Details | xiv | ||
| Polysomnogram Recordings | xvi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xix | ||
| Table Of Contents | xxi | ||
| Video Contents | xxiii | ||
| Chapter 4 | xxiii | ||
| Chapter 11 | xxiii | ||
| Chapter 12 | xxiii | ||
| Chapter 20 | xxiii | ||
| Chapter 21 | xxiii | ||
| 1 Sleep in Art and Literature | 1 | ||
| Mythology | 1 | ||
| Religion | 3 | ||
| Rest | 4 | ||
| Innocence | 5 | ||
| Dreams, Danger, and Death | 6 | ||
| Selected Readings | 9 | ||
| 2 History of Sleep Medicine and Physiology | 10 | ||
| Timeline | 10 | ||
| 3 Biology of Sleep | 22 | ||
| 3.1 Sleep Mechanisms | 22 | ||
| Nervous System Control | 22 | ||
| Arousal Systems | 22 | ||
| Sleep-Promoting Systems | 23 | ||
| Sleep Drive | 23 | ||
| Control of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep | 23 | ||
| Control of the Timing of Sleep | 23 | ||
| Selected Readings | 28 | ||
| 3.2 Localization and Neurochemistry of Sleep-Wake Physiology and Pathophysiology | 28 | ||
| Wakefulness | 28 | ||
| NREM Sleep-Promoting Systems | 28 | ||
| Sleep Homeostasis | 28 | ||
| REM Sleep–Promoting Systems | 28 | ||
| Circadian Rhythm | 28 | ||
| Explanatory Diagrams | 29 | ||
| The Waking State | 29 | ||
| NREM Sleep | 29 | ||
| Pontine Generator in REM Sleep | 30 | ||
| Network Responsible for REM Sleep | 30 | ||
| Network Responsible for REM Sleep During Idiopathic REM Behavior Disorder | 33 | ||
| Network Responsible for Paradoxical Sleep During REM Behavior Disorder in Narcoleptics | 33 | ||
| Network Responsible for Paradoxical Sleep During Cataplexy in Narcoleptics | 33 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 33 | ||
| References | 33 | ||
| 3.3 Circadian Rhythms Regulation | 34 | ||
| Selected Readings | 36 | ||
| 3.4 Physiologic Regulation in Sleep | 37 | ||
| Physiologic Systems Interactions and Variability during Sleep | 39 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 40 | ||
| Selected Readings | 41 | ||
| 3.5 Cytokines, Host Defense, and Sleep | 42 | ||
| Selected Readings | 44 | ||
| 3.6 Control of Breathing | 45 | ||
| Normal Sleep | 45 | ||
| Sleep Apnea | 45 | ||
| 3.7 Central and Autonomic Regulation in Cardiovascular Physiology | 53 | ||
| Overview | 53 | ||
| Heart Rate Surges | 53 | ||
| Heart Rhythm Pauses | 54 | ||
| Physiologic Mechanisms That Underlie Nocturnal Cardiac Events | 54 | ||
| Summary | 54 | ||
| Selected Readings | 56 | ||
| 3.8 Interactive Regulation of Sleep and Feeding | 56 | ||
| Selected Readings | 58 | ||
| 3.9 Endocrine Physiology | 58 | ||
| Overview of Endocrine Physiology | 58 | ||
| Central Mechanisms that Control Pituitary Hormone Secretion over the 24-Hour Day | 58 | ||
| Temporal Variations of Plasma Levels of Hormones | 59 | ||
| Glucose Regulation and Hunger | 59 | ||
| Conditions That Affect Hormones and Metabolism | 59 | ||
| Aging | 59 | ||
| Disease States that Reduce Slow-Wave Sleep | 59 | ||
| Sleep Deprivation | 60 | ||
| References | 64 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 64 | ||
| 4 Normal Sleep | 65 | ||
| 4.1 Sleep in Animals and the Phylogeny of Sleep | 65 | ||
| Selected Readings | 70 | ||
| 4.2 Normal Sleep in Humans | 70 | ||
| How Much Sleep is Enough? | 70 | ||
| Neurophysiology of Sleep and Wakefulness | 70 | ||
| Wakefulness | 70 | ||
| Transition Between Wakefulness and Sleep | 71 | ||
| Sleep Mechanisms: From Wakefulness Into Sleep | 71 | ||
| Transition from Wakefulness into Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep | 71 | ||
| Staging of Sleep | 73 | ||
| Normal Sleep | 74 | ||
| Factors that Affect Sleep | 87 | ||
| Sleep Changes in Children | 87 | ||
| Sleep Changes with Aging | 90 | ||
| Sleep Characteristics That Change with Age and Their Possible Neurophysiologic Mechanisms | 95 | ||
| Circadian Characteristics That Change with Age | 97 | ||
| Selected Readings | 97 | ||
| 5 Sleep Restriction | 98 | ||
| Sleep Restriction | 98 | ||
| Individual Differences in Vulnerability to Sleep Restriction | 98 | ||
| Selected Readings | 104 | ||
| 6 Pharmacology | 105 | ||
| Drugs with Hypnotic Properties | 105 | ||
| Zolpidem | 106 | ||
| Zopiclone and Eszopiclone | 109 | ||
| Zaleplon | 109 | ||
| Ramelteon | 109 | ||
| Doxepin | 109 | ||
| Diphenhydramine | 111 | ||
| Sedating Antidepressants | 111 | ||
| Atypical Antipsychotics | 112 | ||
| Ethanol | 112 | ||
| Agents in Development | 112 | ||
| Wakefulness-Promoting Medications | 113 | ||
| Amphetamines and Related Compounds | 113 | ||
| Modafinil | 113 | ||
| Sodium Oxybate | 113 | ||
| Caffeine | 116 | ||
| Selected Readings | 116 | ||
| 7 Dreaming in Normal and Disrupted Sleep | 117 | ||
| What is Dreaming? | 117 | ||
| Brain Basis of Dream Experience | 117 | ||
| Factors that Influence Dream Content | 118 | ||
| Disruption of Dreaming Pathologic Conditions | 118 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 118 | ||
| Psychiatric Disorders | 119 | ||
| References | 119 | ||
| 8 Impact, Presentation, and Diagnostic Considerations | 120 | ||
| Impact | 120 | ||
| Presentation and Diagnostic Considerations | 121 | ||
| Clinical Evaluation | 121 | ||
| History of the Present Illness | 122 | ||
| Sleep-Disordered Breathing. | 122 | ||
| Insomnia. | 122 | ||
| Excessive Sleepiness. | 123 | ||
| Abnormal Sleep-Related Behaviors and Movements. | 126 | ||
| Impact of Sleep Disorders on the Patient. | 128 | ||
| Medical History | 128 | ||
| Physical Examination | 129 | ||
| Self-Administered Instruments | 129 | ||
| Sleep Diaries | 129 | ||
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | 129 | ||
| Apnea Questionnaires | 129 | ||
| Selected Readings | 133 | ||
| 9 Circadian System Disorders | 134 | ||
| 9.1 Circadian Rhythm Disorders | 134 | ||
| Delayed Sleep-Phase Type/Delayed Sleep-Phase Disorder | 134 | ||
| Advanced Sleep-Phase Type/Advanced Sleep-Phase Disorder | 135 | ||
| Non–24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder, Free-Running Type, and Nonentrained Type | 136 | ||
| Irregular Sleep-Wake Type and Irregular Sleep-Wake Disorder | 136 | ||
| Shift-Work Type and Shift-Work Disorder | 137 | ||
| Jet Lag Type and Jet Lag Disorder | 137 | ||
| Selected Readings | 140 | ||
| 9.2 Circadian Desynchrony and Health | 140 | ||
| The Circadian System | 140 | ||
| Disruption of the Circadian System | 140 | ||
| Metabolism | 141 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 141 | ||
| Cancer | 143 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease/Colitis | 144 | ||
| Pregnancy Outcomes | 146 | ||
| Conclusions | 146 | ||
| Selected Readings | 146 | ||
| 10 Insomnia | 148 | ||
| Overview | 148 | ||
| Classification | 148 | ||
| Epidemiology | 149 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Insomnia | 149 | ||
| Types of Insomnia | 151 | ||
| Comorbid Insomnia | 151 | ||
| Primary Sleep Disorders That Present with Insomnia | 152 | ||
| Isolated Insomnia Disorder | 154 | ||
| Management of Insomnia | 155 | ||
| Selected Readings | 158 | ||
| 11 Neurologic Disorders | 159 | ||
| 11.1 Central Nervous System Hypersomnias | 159 | ||
| Overview | 159 | ||
| Classification and Prevalence | 159 | ||
| Clinical Features and Epidemiology | 159 | ||
| Cataplexy | 159 | ||
| Sleep Paralysis and Hallucinations | 160 | ||
| Excessive Daytime Sleepiness | 160 | ||
| Disrupted Nocturnal Sleep | 160 | ||
| Kleine-Levin Syndrome | 161 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 161 | ||
| Evaluation and Diagnosis | 163 | ||
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale | 163 | ||
| Overnight Polysomnography, Multiple Sleep Latency Test, and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test | 164 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypocretin Measurement and HLA Typing | 171 | ||
| Other Workup | 171 | ||
| Treatment | 171 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 174 | ||
| 11.2 Movement Disorders in Sleep | 174 | ||
| Overview | 174 | ||
| Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder | 174 | ||
| History and Definition | 174 | ||
| Evaluation of Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep and Wakefulness | 174 | ||
| Biology and Pathophysiology | 177 | ||
| Clinical Significance | 177 | ||
| Clinical Guidelines | 178 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome | 178 | ||
| History | 178 | ||
| Diagnosis | 179 | ||
| Medical Evaluation: Iron Status | 179 | ||
| Biology and Pathophysiology | 180 | ||
| Iron. | 180 | ||
| Dopamine. | 182 | ||
| Glutamate. | 183 | ||
| Evaluation of Restless Legs Syndrome Severity | 183 | ||
| Prevalence and Clinical Significance | 184 | ||
| Treatment | 185 | ||
| Bruxism | 188 | ||
| Treatment of Bruxism | 189 | ||
| Sleep-Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder | 189 | ||
| Sleep-Related Leg Cramps | 191 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 194 | ||
| 11.3 Sleep and Epilepsy | 195 | ||
| Sleep, Seizures, and Interictal Electroencephalogram Activity | 195 | ||
| Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Clinical Features and Differential Diagnosis From Parasomnias | 198 | ||
| Epilepsy and Comorbidities with Sleep Disorders | 200 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome | 200 | ||
| Insomnia and Restless Legs Syndrome | 208 | ||
| Daytime Sleepiness | 208 | ||
| General Comments | 209 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 212 | ||
| Selected Readings | 212 | ||
| 11.4 Sleep in Other Neurologic Disorders | 212 | ||
| Sleep and Dementia | 212 | ||
| Parkinson Disease | 213 | ||
| Overview | 213 | ||
| Epidemiology | 213 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 213 | ||
| Sleep Symptoms | 213 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 214 | ||
| Treatment | 216 | ||
| REM Sleep Behavior Disorder | 216 | ||
| Overview | 216 | ||
| Epidemiology | 217 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 217 | ||
| Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis | 217 | ||
| Treatment for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder | 220 | ||
| Alzheimer Disease | 221 | ||
| Overview | 221 | ||
| Sleep Disorders in Alzheimer Dementia | 223 | ||
| Treatment | 223 | ||
| Sundowning Syndrome | 224 | ||
| Sleep in Other Neurodegenerative Conditions | 226 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 226 | ||
| Chronic Pain and Fibromyalgia | 228 | ||
| Sleep and Cerebrovascular Accidents | 229 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 230 | ||
| Spinal Cord Diseases | 230 | ||
| Postpolio Syndrome | 231 | ||
| Huntington Disease | 231 | ||
| Neuromuscular Disease | 232 | ||
| Myotonic Dystrophy | 233 | ||
| Fatal Familial Insomnia | 234 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 234 | ||
| Headache | 234 | ||
| Conclusion | 235 | ||
| Selected Readings | 235 | ||
| 12 Parasomnias | 237 | ||
| Overview | 237 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Parasomnias | 237 | ||
| Disorders of Arousal: Non–Rapid Eye Movement Parasomnias | 238 | ||
| REM Sleep Parasomnias | 245 | ||
| REM Sleep Behavior Disorder | 245 | ||
| Sleep Paralysis | 249 | ||
| Abnormal Sleep Inertia | 249 | ||
| Experiential Parasomnias | 250 | ||
| Sleep Enuresis | 250 | ||
| Nocturnal Seizures | 250 | ||
| Catathrenia | 251 | ||
| Selected Readings | 253 | ||
| 13 Sleep Breathing Disorders | 254 | ||
| 13.1 Examination of the Patient with Suspected Sleep Apnea | 254 | ||
| Overall Inspection of the Patient | 254 | ||
| Facial and Jaw Structures | 254 | ||
| Inspection of the Face | 254 | ||
| Bony Structures | 255 | ||
| Pervasive Facial Abnormalities | 255 | ||
| Maxillary and Mandibular Insufficiency | 256 | ||
| Small Lower Jaw | 257 | ||
| Nasal Airway | 260 | ||
| Diseases of the Nose and Nares | 260 | ||
| Trauma to the Nose and Nares | 260 | ||
| Traumatic Injury to the Nose | 260 | ||
| Examination of the Palate | 260 | ||
| Examination of the Pharynx | 260 | ||
| Mallampati Classification | 260 | ||
| Examination of the Tonsils | 263 | ||
| Variants and Abnormal Airway Pharyngeal Findings | 263 | ||
| Examination of the Neck | 264 | ||
| Examination of the Abdomen | 264 | ||
| Examination of the Extremities | 265 | ||
| Peripheral Edema | 265 | ||
| 13.2 Sleep Apnea in the Adolescent and Adult | 268 | ||
| Overview | 268 | ||
| Definitions | 268 | ||
| Risk Factors | 269 | ||
| Clinical Assessment | 269 | ||
| Symptoms | 269 | ||
| Examination | 270 | ||
| Laboratory Evaluation | 270 | ||
| Data Obtained in a Sleep Study | 270 | ||
| Scoring of Respiratory Events | 270 | ||
| Scoring Intervals | 272 | ||
| Nonapneic Respiratory Events | 282 | ||
| Adolescent Sleep-Disordered Breathing | 285 | ||
| Treatment | 289 | ||
| General Measures | 289 | ||
| Continuous Positive Airway Pressure | 289 | ||
| Oral Appliance Therapy | 289 | ||
| Other Treatments that Modify Pressure in the Upper Airway | 294 | ||
| Nasal Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure | 294 | ||
| Oral Pressure Therapy | 296 | ||
| Surgery | 296 | ||
| Sleep Apnea Comorbid with Other Sleep Disorders | 296 | ||
| Selected Readings | 299 | ||
| 13.3 Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children | 299 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children | 299 | ||
| History and Physical Examination | 299 | ||
| Historical Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children | 299 | ||
| Common Physical Examination Findings | 299 | ||
| Technical Considerations | 300 | ||
| Definitions | 300 | ||
| Obstructive Apnea | 300 | ||
| Mixed Apnea | 301 | ||
| Central Apnea | 301 | ||
| Hypopnea | 301 | ||
| Respiratory Effort–Related Arousal | 301 | ||
| Obstructive Hypoventilation | 301 | ||
| Expiratory Apnea/Hypopnea | 301 | ||
| Diagnostic Considerations | 303 | ||
| Treatment Options for Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 303 | ||
| References | 307 | ||
| 13.4 Respiratory Diseases and the Overlap Syndromes | 307 | ||
| Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases | 307 | ||
| Restrictive Lung Diseases | 308 | ||
| Extrapulmonary Lung Restriction | 308 | ||
| Extrathoracic Upper Airway Obstruction | 315 | ||
| Selected Readings | 315 | ||
| 14 Vascular Disorders | 316 | ||
| 14.1 Cardiovascular Diseases | 316 | ||
| Impact of Cardiovascular Diseases | 316 | ||
| Effect of Sleep Disorders on Cardiovascular Physiology | 316 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Cause of Cardiac Arrhythmias | 316 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Cause of Coronary Artery Disease | 319 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Cause of Systemic Hypertension | 320 | ||
| Heart Failure | 321 | ||
| Clinical Features | 321 | ||
| Epidemiology | 321 | ||
| Abnormal Breathing Patterns in Heart Failure | 322 | ||
| Treatment of the Abnormal Breathing Pattern in Heart Failure | 324 | ||
| Central Apnea | 324 | ||
| Obstructive Apnea | 327 | ||
| References | 327 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 328 | ||
| 14.2 Cerebrovascular Disease and Sleep | 328 | ||
| Overview | 328 | ||
| Breathing Patterns after Stroke | 328 | ||
| Pathogenesis of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Stroke | 328 | ||
| Effect of Stroke on Sleep | 330 | ||
| Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders as a Risk Factor for Stroke | 331 | ||
| Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders as a Consequence of Stroke | 332 | ||
| Impact of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders on Stroke Outcomes | 332 | ||
| Treatment of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders | 332 | ||
| Impact of CPAP Treatment | 333 | ||
| Summary and Future Directions | 334 | ||
| Selected Readings | 334 | ||
| 15 Other Medical Disorders | 335 | ||
| 15.1 Thyroid Disease | 335 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 335 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 335 | ||
| Thyroid Mass Lesions | 335 | ||
| Selected Readings | 340 | ||
| 15.2 Diseases of the Pituitary Gland | 340 | ||
| Anatomy | 340 | ||
| Growth Hormone Hypersecretion | 340 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 340 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 341 | ||
| Diagnosis | 342 | ||
| Treatment | 343 | ||
| Selected Readings | 343 | ||
| 15.3 Gastrointestinal Disorders | 343 | ||
| Nocturnal Gastrointestinal Symptoms | 343 | ||
| Upper Gastrointestinal Tract | 343 | ||
| Sleep-Related Gastroesophageal Reflux | 344 | ||
| Therapeutic Considerations | 345 | ||
| Pulmonary Complications | 345 | ||
| Intestinal Motility and Lower Bowel Disorders | 345 | ||
| Conclusions | 346 | ||
| Selected Readings | 346 | ||
| 15.4 Diabetes Mellitus | 346 | ||
| Key Symptoms Related to High Blood Glucose | 346 | ||
| Sleep Deprivation in Diabetics | 346 | ||
| Sleep Apnea | 347 | ||
| Pathophysiology and Mechanism of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Altered Glucose Metabolism | 348 | ||
| Insomnia | 348 | ||
| Nocturnal Awakenings | 349 | ||
| References | 349 | ||
| Selected Readings | 349 | ||
| 15.5 Sleep Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease | 349 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 351 | ||
| 16 Women’s Health | 353 | ||
| 16.1 The Menstrual Cycle | 353 | ||
| Menstrual Cycle Sleep Changes | 353 | ||
| Premenstrual Mood and Sleep | 353 | ||
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | 354 | ||
| Selected Readings | 354 | ||
| 16.2 Pregnancy and Postpartum | 356 | ||
| Sleep-Disordered Breathing | 357 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome | 357 | ||
| Labor and Delivery | 357 | ||
| Postpartum Sleep | 358 | ||
| Postpartum Sleep and Mental Health | 358 | ||
| Narcolepsy and Pregnancy | 358 | ||
| Summary | 358 | ||
| Selected Readings | 359 | ||
| 16.3 Midlife Transition and Menopause | 359 | ||
| Thermoregulation and Vasomotor Symptoms | 359 | ||
| Selected Readings | 360 | ||
| 16.4 Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Syndromes | 361 | ||
| Sleep Disturbance in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia | 361 | ||
| Selected Readings | 363 | ||
| 17 Sleep and Psychiatric Disease | 364 | ||
| Overview | 364 | ||
| Sleep and Depression | 365 | ||
| Sleep Architecture | 365 | ||
| Treatment of Depression and Sleep Problems | 366 | ||
| Sleep and Mania | 367 | ||
| Sleep, Nightmares, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 368 | ||
| Sleep Architecture | 368 | ||
| Treatment of Nightmares in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | 368 | ||
| Sleep and Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 368 | ||
| Sleep and Alcohol Dependence | 368 | ||
| Sleep and Schizophrenia | 368 | ||
| Screening for Sleep Disorders and Other Medical Conditions | 368 | ||
| Conclusion | 369 | ||
| Selected Readings | 369 | ||
| 18 Diagnostic Assessment Methods in Adults | 370 | ||
| Overview | 370 | ||
| Sleep Staging | 370 | ||
| Recording | 370 | ||
| Electroencephalogram for Brain Activity | 370 | ||
| Eye Movements | 370 | ||
| Electromyogram for Skeletal Muscle Tone | 371 | ||
| Staging | 371 | ||
| Classification | 371 | ||
| Waves | 371 | ||
| Stages | 371 | ||
| Stage W. | 371 | ||
| Stage N1. | 371 | ||
| Stage N2. | 371 | ||
| Stage N3. | 371 | ||
| Stage R. | 372 | ||
| Smoothing Rules | 372 | ||
| Arousal Scoring | 372 | ||
| Electroencephalogram Speeding and Central Nervous System Arousals | 372 | ||
| Cyclic Alternating Pattern | 375 | ||
| Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders | 376 | ||
| Recording Technique | 376 | ||
| Definitions and Scoring Rules | 377 | ||
| Sleep Apnea | 377 | ||
| Hypopnea | 377 | ||
| Respiratory Effort–Related Arousals | 379 | ||
| Movements | 379 | ||
| Leg Movement Recording Technique | 379 | ||
| Periodic Leg Movement Scoring Rules | 379 | ||
| Other Movements | 380 | ||
| Electrocardiogram | 380 | ||
| Home Sleep Testing | 381 | ||
| Overall Assessment | 382 | ||
| Sleep Stage Changes Across the Night | 382 | ||
| Sleep Stage Changes as a Function of Age | 385 | ||
| Parameters, Pathophysiology, and Interpretation | 386 | ||
| Other Assessments and Interpretation | 392 | ||
| Multiple Sleep Latency Test | 392 | ||
| Maintenance of Wakefulness Test | 392 | ||
| Suggested Immobilization Test | 392 | ||
| Actigraphy | 392 | ||
| Summary | 392 | ||
| Selected Readings | 393 | ||
| 19 Gallery of Polysomnographic Recordings | 395 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) | 395 | ||
| Central Sleep Apnea | 414 | ||
| Mixed and Complex Sleep Apnea | 422 | ||
| Heart Failure | 427 | ||
| Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities | 439 | ||
| Neurologic Diseases | 449 | ||
| Movement Disorders | 449 | ||
| Genetic Disorders | 453 | ||
| Stroke | 455 | ||
| Narcolepsy | 458 | ||
| REM Sleep Behavior Disorder | 459 | ||
| Seizures | 461 | ||
| Head Trauma | 466 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 468 | ||
| Artifacts in Sleep Recordings | 469 | ||
| 20 Gallery of Patient Interview Videos | 478 | ||
| Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders | 478 | ||
| An 8-Year-Old with Sleep Apnea (Video 20-1) | 478 | ||
| An 82-Year-Old Woman with Sleep Apnea (Video 20-2) | 478 | ||
| A 43-Year-Old Woman with Down Syndrome (Video 20-3) | 478 | ||
| Apnea with Cardiovascular Comorbidities (Video 20-4) | 478 | ||
| Apnea Presenting as Restless Sleep (Video 20-5) | 479 | ||
| Apnea in a Truck Driver (Video 20-6) | 479 | ||
| Explaining the Results (Video 20-7) | 479 | ||
| Teaching and CPAP Mask Fitting (Video 20-8) | 479 | ||
| Neurologic and Other Disorders | 480 | ||
| Undiagnosed Narcolepsy Patient with Cataplexy (Video 20-9) | 480 | ||
| Thirty-Five Years of Undiagnosed Narcolepsy (Video 20-10) | 480 | ||
| Hallucinations in a Male Narcolepsy Patient (Video 20-11) | 480 | ||
| Narcolepsy Patient with Sleep Apnea (Video 20-12) | 480 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome in a Male (Video 20-13) | 481 | ||
| Middle-Aged Woman with Restless Legs Syndrome (Video 20-14) | 481 | ||
| REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (Video 20-15) | 481 | ||
| Parkinson Disease with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Sleep Apnea (Video 20-16) | 481 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis, Sleep Apnea, and Hypnagogic Hallucinations (Video 20-17) | 482 | ||
| Arnold-Chiari Malformation (Video 20-18) | 482 | ||
| Syringomyelia (Video 20-19) | 482 | ||
| Becker Muscular Dystrophy (Video 20-20) | 482 | ||
| Psychiatric Disorders (Video 20-21) | 482 | ||
| 21 Gallery of Sleep Laboratory Video Findings | 483 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 483 | ||
| Apnea, Restlessness in a Child | 483 | ||
| Nasal Obstruction and Apnea | 483 | ||
| Arousal Threshold to Noise in Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 484 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Violent Body Movements | 484 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Violent Body Movements (×10) | 484 | ||
| Atypical Snoring After Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty | 484 | ||
| Vigorous Movements in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (×10) | 485 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Special Populations | 485 | ||
| Obesity Hypoventilation | 485 | ||
| Obesity Hypoventilation, Heart Failure | 485 | ||
| Obesity Hypoventilation, Treated | 486 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy | 486 | ||
| Postpartum Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 486 | ||
| Postpartum Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Treated | 486 | ||
| Apnea in Acromegaly | 487 | ||
| Apnea in Acromegaly (×10) | 487 | ||
| Apnea and Down Syndrome | 487 | ||
| Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome | 488 | ||
| Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome, Quiet Snoring | 488 | ||
| Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome, Quiet Snoring (×7) | 488 | ||
| Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome, Variable Snoring | 488 | ||
| Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome, Variable Snoring (×5) | 488 | ||
| Central Sleep Apnea and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration | 489 | ||
| Idiopathic Central Apnea | 489 | ||
| Retinitis Pigmentosa, Central Apnea | 489 | ||
| Central Apnea, Obesity | 489 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cheyne-Stokes Breathing | 489 | ||
| Pulmonary Edema | 490 | ||
| Respiratory Diseases | 490 | ||
| Asthma | 490 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 490 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Upper Airway Obstruction | 491 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Airway Secretions, Periodic Limb Movements Disorder | 491 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Airway Secretions, Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep (×10) | 491 | ||
| Overlap Syndrome | 491 | ||
| Overlap Syndrome, Treated | 492 | ||
| Pulmonary Fibrosis | 492 | ||
| Neurologic and Other Disorders | 492 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome, Insomnia | 492 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements of Sleep (×25) | 492 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Apnea | 493 | ||
| Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Apnea (×10) | 493 | ||
| Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, Apnea (×10) | 493 | ||
| Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, Subtle Movements (×10) | 493 | ||
| Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder | 494 | ||
| Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 494 | ||
| Sleep Paralysis | 494 | ||
| Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome | 494 | ||
| Epilepsy | 495 | ||
| Seizure Involving the Leg | 495 | ||
| Psychogenic “Seizures” | 495 | ||
| Psychogenic “Seizures,” Edge Enhanced | 495 | ||
| Index | 497 | ||
| A | 497 | ||
| B | 498 | ||
| C | 498 | ||
| D | 499 | ||
| E | 500 | ||
| F | 501 | ||
| G | 501 | ||
| H | 501 | ||
| I | 502 | ||
| J | 502 | ||
| K | 502 | ||
| L | 503 | ||
| M | 503 | ||
| N | 503 | ||
| O | 504 | ||
| P | 505 | ||
| Q | 507 | ||
| R | 507 | ||
| S | 508 | ||
| T | 510 | ||
| U | 511 | ||
| V | 511 | ||
| W | 511 | ||
| Y | 511 | ||
| Z | 511 | ||
| Clinical Key ad | IBC3 |