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Performing the Iranian State

Performing the Iranian State

Staci Gem Scheiwiller

(2013)

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Abstract

This book discusses what it means to “perform the State,” what this action means in relation to the country of Iran and how these various performances are represented. The concept of the “State” as a modern phenomenon has had a powerful impact on the formation of the individual and collective, as well as on determining how political entities are perceived in their interactions with one another in the current global arena.


“‘Performing the Iranian State’ is a timely and original contribution to Iranian studies. Beginning with the Qajar era and moving through discussions of the Pahlavi regime, the Iranian Revolution and the Iranian Diaspora, these essays present fascinating case studies of the productive function of visual culture and performativity in constructions of identity and state in Iran.” —Ali Behdad, John Charles Hillis Professor of Literature, UCLA


“Blending critical theory with fresh and exciting accounts of essential Iranian art agents, contributors to ‘Performing the Iranian State’ reveal how the country’s oft en-politicized artistic practices challenge or endorse and ultimately “perform” political and national identities. This compelling collection of essays is a seminal addition to the study of modern and contemporary Iranian art.” —Pamela Karimi, author of “Domesticity and Consumer Culture in Iran: Interior Revolutions of the Modern Era”


Staci Gem Scheiwiller is an assistant professor of contemporary and modern art history at California State University, Stanislaus. She specializes in Iranian art, gender and postcolonialism.   


This book discusses what it means to “perform the State,” what this action means in relation to the country of Iran and how these various performances are represented. The concept of the “State” as a modern phenomenon has had a powerful impact on the formation of the individual and collective, as well as on determining how political entities are perceived in their interactions with one another in the current global arena.

“Performing the State” refers to an individual (or a group of persons) who re-enacts rituals, ceremonies, customs, traditions and laws, or who dons certain guises, that either accomplish the State’s goals or rebel against them as a form of critique. This anthology examines various approaches to determining the Iranian State via the performativity of persons, with the intention of illuminating how social practices, ideologies and identities are shaped, represented, visualized, circulated and repeated – not only nationally but also worldwide. 


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Half Title i
Title iii
Copyright iv
CONTENTS v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii
A NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION ix
1 INTRODUCTION: SETTING THE STAGE 1
What is Meant by the “State”? 4
The Body 7
Performativity 11
Notes and References 18
I THE QAJAR DYNASTY: 1786–1925 21
2 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC SOURCE FOR A QAJAR PAINTING 23
Notes and References 30
3 CARTOGRAPHIC DESIRES: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE SHAHR-E FARANG (PEEPSHOW) AND MODERN IRAN 33
Notes and References 49
4 TAKKIYEH DOWLAT: THE QAJAR THEATER STATE 55
Takkiyeh: The Formation of a Sociopolitical Space 57
State Takkiyeh and the Staging of Power 63
Notes and References 67
II THE PAHLAVI DYNASTY (1925–1979) AND TRANSITIONAL PERIOD AFTER THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION (1978–1979) 73
5 FOR THE LOVE OF HER PEOPLE: AN INTERVIEW WITH FARAH DIBA ABOUT THE PAHLAVI PROGRAMS FOR THE ARTS IN IRAN 75
6 SHAPING AND PORTRAYING IDENTITY AT THE TEHRAN MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART (1977–2005) 83
Setting the Stage 83
Developments in Modern Art and Its Exhibition 85
The Architectural Setting 87
Revolution and Transformation 90
A Cultural Revolution at TMOCA 92
Notes and References 96
7 SEISMIC SHIFTS ACROSS POLITICAL ZONES IN CONTEMPORARY IRANIAN ART: THE POETICS OF KNOWLEDGE, KNOWING AND IDENTITY 101
Notes and References 114
III THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC: 1979–PRESENT 121
8 PERFORMATIVITY AND RITUAL SPACE IN POSTREVOLUTIONARY TEHRAN 123
The Ibrahim Mosque: External Ambiguity, Internal Clarity 125
The al-Ghadir Mosque: External and Internal Continuity 132
Comparative Considerations 137
Conclusion 139
Notes and References 140
9 RECLAIMING CULTURAL SPACE: THE ARTIST’S PERFORMATIVITY VERSUS THE STATE’S EXPECTATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY IRAN 145
Notes and References 153
10 FEMALE TROUBLE: MELANCHOLIA AND ALLEGORY IN CONTEMPORARY IRANIAN ART 157
Notes and References 168
IV THE IRANIAN DIASPORA 171
11 PERFORMING VISUAL STRATEGIES: REPRESENTATIONAL CONCEPTS OF FEMALE IRANIAN IDENTITY IN CONTEMPORARY PHOTOGRAPHY AND VIDEO ART 173
Why Photography and Video? 176
Performativity 178
Two Female Artists from Tehran and One from the Iranian Diaspora in Europe 180
Notes and References 188
12 PAINTED AND ANIMATED METAPHORS: AN INTERVIEW WITH ARTIST ALIREZA DARVISH 193
13 IN THE HOUSE OF FATEMEH: REVISITING SHIRIN NESHAT’S PHOTOGRAPHIC SERIES WOMEN OF ALLAH 201
To Read or Not to Read? 201
Whose Texts Are They? 204
In the House of Fatemeh 209
Notes and References 217
ILLUSTRATIONS 221
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 247