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King John

King John

Graham E. Seel

(2012)

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Book Details

Abstract

Through contextual analysis and by reassessing the chronicle evidence, ‘King John: An Underrated King’ presents a compelling reevaluation of the reign of King John, England’s most maligned sovereign. With its thought-provoking analysis of the key issues of John’s reign, such as the loss of the French territories, British achievement, Magna Carta, relations with the church, and civil war, the volume presents an engaging argument for rehabilitating King John’s reputation. Each chapter features both narrative and contextual analysis, and is prefaced by a timeline outlining the key events of the period. The volume also contains an array of maps and diagrams, as well as a collection of useful study questions.


‘“King John: An Underrated King” is, without a doubt, an excellent introduction to political, social and religious aspects of twelfth and thirteenth century England. The author draws a clear portrait of king John without losing his readers in a labyrinth of family dramas and shifting alliances.” —Geneviève Pigeon, ‘Hortulus: The Online Graduate Journal of Medieval Studies’


‘King John is one of the most interesting and controversial figures in English history, provoking extreme responses from both contemporaries and modern historians. The general opinion is that John was a bad king, perhaps the worst to have worn the English crown. In this volume Graham Seel reviews the sources for, and the historiography of, John’s reign in order to understand how this poor reputation has been acquired. He explores its key events and decisions, and attempts to place them within the context of contemporary expectations and norms. The result is a sympathetic reinterpretation that offers a well-informed yet accessible introductory survey, and which provides a readable and critical summary of all the main arguments. It will serve as a useful and attractive starting point for the general interest reader, students of A-level history, and first year undergraduates.’ —Professor Mark Bailey, University of East Anglia


Graham E. Seel studied history at the University of St Andrews, 1982–1986. From there he proceeded to Cambridge University where he undertook a PGCE, for which he was awarded a Distinction. He has published widely on English history, and he is currently Head of History at St Paul’s School, London.


‘This is an outstanding new account of King John and his reign: it is very readable and accessible, and it convincingly challenges the traditional, negative view of John. Instead, John emerges as an accomplished and effective ruler who was dogged by ill luck rather than an evil personality. Graham Seel’s book is thoroughly researched and beautifully written: it represents an important addition to the literature on this troubled period.’ —Dr David Smith, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
FRONT MATTER\r i
Half Title\r i
Series Page\r ii
Title\r iii
Copyright\r iv
Dedication\r v
CONTENTS\r vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\r xi
LIST OF FIGURES\r xiii
MAIN MATTER\r 1
Chapter 1: OUTLINE OF THE REIGN\r 1
A) An Outline of the Reign of King John, 1199–1216\r 1
B) A Maligned King\r 4
Chapter 2: JOHN IN THE SHADOWS, 1167–1199\r 11
Timeline\r 11
A) Narrative: Prince John, 1167–1199\r 12
B) Interpretations\r 18
i) John in the Psychiatrist’s Chair\r 18
ii) A Prince Ill-Equipped to Govern?\r 19
a) The Irish Campaign, 1185\r 19
b) 1189–1194: ‘Nature’s Enemy’?\r 21
Chapter 3: AN ‘IMPERIAL’ INHERITANCE 23
Timeline\r 23
A) Narrative: An ‘Imperial’ Inheritance?\r 24
i) France at the Time of John\r 27
B) Interpretations\r 28
i) The Nature of the Anglo-Norman Regnum\r 28
ii) The Nature of the Angevin ‘Empire’\r 31
iii) Capetian Suzerainty and Philip Augustus\r 33
Chapter 4 WAR OF SUCCESSION AND THE LOSS OF CONTINENTAL TERRITORIES, 1199–1204 37
Timeline\r 37
A) Narrative: Succession and War, 1199–1204\r 39
i) Succession Resolved, 1199–1200\r 39
ii) Succession Disputed, 1200–1202\r 44
iii) War with France Stage One, Spring to Autumn 1202\r 45
iv) War with France Stage Two, Autumn 1202 to December 1203\r 47
v) War with France Stage Three, Summer 1204\r 51
B) Interpretations: Why did John Lose Normandy?\r 52
i) ‘Softsword’?\r 52
ii) The Lusignans\r 54
iii) Fickleness and Faithlessness\r 56
iv) Structural Tensions and Finance\r 57
Chapter 5\rEFFORTS TO REGAIN THE FRENCH\rTERRITORIES, 1205–1214\r 63
Timeline\r 63
A) Narrative: The Course of the War, 1205–1214\r 63
i) Issues of Allegiance\r 64
ii) Prospect of a French Invasion\r 65
iii) The Expedition that Never Sailed, 1205\r 66
iv) The Expedition of 1206\r 67
v) The Background to Bouvines\r 69
vi) The Campaign of 1214\r 70
Chapter 6\rTHE BRITISH PERSPECTIVE:\rSCOTLAND, IRELAND AND WALES,\r1199–1214\r 75
Timeline\r 75
A) Narrative: The Celtic Fringe\r 76
i) Scotland\r 78
ii) Ireland\r 79
iii) Wales\r 83
B) Interpretations: The Breaking of Briouze, A Case Study\r 86
Chapter 7\rSACERDOTIUM AND REGNUM,\r1199–1214\r 93
Timeline\r 93
A) Narrative: Key Features of the Church and John’s\rRelations with the Papacy\r 94
i) The Regular Clergy\r 95
ii) The Secular Clergy\r 96
iii) John’s Relations with the Papacy, 1199–1205\r 100
iv) John’s Relations with the Papacy, 1205–1214\r 101
B) Interpretations\r 105
i) What was the Impact of the Interdict and John’s Excommunicate Status?\r 105
ii) Why did John’s Struggle with the Papacy Last so Long?\r 108
iii) Who Won the Struggle, John or Innocent?\r 109
Chapter 8\rADMINISTRATION,\rJUSTICE AND FINANCE\r 113
Timeline\r 113
A) Narrative: The Sinews of Government\r 113
i) Administration\r 113
ii) Justice\r 117
iii) Finance\r 118
B) Interpretations\r 125
i) The ‘Record Revolution’\r 125
ii) A Contextual View: Judicial Practices and Price Infl ation\r 129
a) Judicial Practices\r 129
b) Price Inflation 131
Chapter 9\rCIVIL WAR: A FALSE START, 1215\r 133
Timeline\r 133
A) Narrative\r 134
i) The Emergence of Magna Carta\r 134
ii) The Text of Magna Carta\r 139
B) Interpretations\r 150
i) Why Magna Carta?\r 150
ii) Magna Carta Out of Context\r 154
Chapter 10\rCIVIL WAR RENEWED, 1215–1216\r 157
Timeline\r 157
A) Narrative\r 158
i) Civil War Renewed\r 158
ii) The Nature of the Sides\r 159
iii) The Course of the War\r 161
B) Interpretations: How Good a Soldier was John?\r 164
Chapter 11\rCONCLUSION:\rWILL THE REAL KING JOHN\rPLEASE STAND UP?\r 169
END MATTER\r 173
APPENDIX\r 173
NOTES\r 194
1. Outline of the Reign\r 194
2. John in the Shadows, 1167–1199\r 195
3. An ‘Imperial’ Inheritance?\r 196
4. War of Succession and the Loss of Continental\rTerritories, 1199–1204\r 198
5. Efforts to Regain the French Territories, 1205–1214\r 200
6. The British Perspective: Scotland, Ireland and Wales, 1199–1214\r 201
7. Sacerdotium and Regnum, 1199–1214\r 202
8. Administration, Justice and Finance\r 204
9. Civil War: A False Start, 1215\r 206
10. Civil War Renewed, 1215–1216\r 207
11. Conclusion: Will the Real King John Please Stand Up?\r 208
BIBLIOGRAPHY\r 209
FURTHER READING\r 215
Source Material and Commentaries\r 215
General Histories\r 216
Leading Personalities\r 217
Angevin Empire\r 218
The Church\r 219
Britain\r 219
France\r 220
Governance and Economy\r 220
Magna Carta and Civil War\r 221
QUESTIONS\r 222
Chapter 1\r 222
Chapter 2\r 222
Chapter 3\r 222
Chapter 4\r 222
Chapter 5\r 222
Chapter 6\r 223
Chapter 7\r 223
Chapter 8\r 223
Chapter 9\r 223
Chapter 10\r 224
INDEX\r 225