BOOK
Primary Preventive Dentistry: Pearson New International Edition
Norman O. Harris | Franklin Garcia-Godoy | Christine Nielsen Nathe
(2013)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For all introductory, clinical, and preventive courses in dental hygiene and dental assisting that cover preventive dental modalities and concepts.
Organized for consistency, coherence, and readability, this fully updated text covers all areas of prevention in dental care. It first describes dental diseases and conditions, helping students clearly understand the processes that can be prevented through the use of preventive modalities or ideas. Next, it presents detailed strategies to prevent these diseases and conditions. Throughout, specific target populations are defined and described based upon scientifically valid preventive strategies aimed at their needs. This edition improves student understanding with more photos, illustrations, diagrams, and tables; highlights “fun facts” about the topic; adds a new chapter on the important influence culture plays in preventive dental care; and is supported by many new web-based review questions and case studies for each chapter.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Table of Contents | i | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction to Primary Preventive Dentistry | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 2 | ||
| Historical Aspect of Preventive Dental Care | 2 | ||
| Dental Diseases and Systemic Health | 4 | ||
| Health Defined and Primary Preventive Care | 5 | ||
| Primary Prevention | 6 | ||
| Secondary and Tertiary Prevention | 6 | ||
| Preventive Care | 7 | ||
| Categories of Oral Diseases | 7 | ||
| Plaque Biofilm Prevention | 8 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 10 | ||
| Summary | 10 | ||
| Practice Considerations | 10 | ||
| Self- Study Questions | 10 | ||
| References | 11 | ||
| Glossary | 13 | ||
| Chapter 2: Dental Hygiene Science | 16 | ||
| Introduction | 17 | ||
| Evidence‐Based Care | 17 | ||
| The Dental Hygiene Process of Care | 17 | ||
| Individualized Dental Hygiene Care | 18 | ||
| Assessment | 18 | ||
| Diagnosis | 23 | ||
| Planning | 23 | ||
| Implementation | 23 | ||
| Evaluation | 24 | ||
| Population‐Based Dental Hygiene/Dental Public Health Activities | 26 | ||
| Assessment | 26 | ||
| Diagnosis | 29 | ||
| Planning | 29 | ||
| Implementation | 29 | ||
| Evaluation | 30 | ||
| Summary | 30 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 30 | ||
| Self‐Study Questions | 30 | ||
| References | 31 | ||
| Glossary | 33 | ||
| Chapter 3: Dental Plaque Biofilm | 35 | ||
| Introduction | 36 | ||
| Dental Plaque: A Microbial Biofilm | 36 | ||
| Bacterial Colonization of the Mouth | 37 | ||
| The Acquired Pellicle | 38 | ||
| Dental Plaque Formation | 38 | ||
| Molecular Mechanismsof Bacterial Adhesion | 39 | ||
| Bacteria in the Dental Plaque | 40 | ||
| Dental Plaque Matrix | 41 | ||
| Dental Plaque Metabolism | 41 | ||
| Dental Calculus | 42 | ||
| Attachment of Calculus to the teeth | 44 | ||
| Inhibition of Calculus Formation | 44 | ||
| Summary | 44 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 45 | ||
| Self‐Study Questions | 45 | ||
| References | 46 | ||
| Glossary | 49 | ||
| Chapter 4: Carious Lesions | 51 | ||
| Introduction | 52 | ||
| Multifactorial Disease Process | 52 | ||
| Description of Carious Lesions | 53 | ||
| Physical and Microscopic Features of Incipient Caries | 53 | ||
| Pore Spaces of the Different Zones | 56 | ||
| Direct Connection of the Bacterial Biofilm to the Body of the Lesion | 56 | ||
| Cariogenic Bacteria | 57 | ||
| Mutans Streptococci and Caries | 58 | ||
| Lactobacilli and Caries | 58 | ||
| Adherence of Bacteria to Teeth | 59 | ||
| Ecology of Caries Development | 59 | ||
| Caries Transmission | 59 | ||
| Coronal Dentin Caries | 59 | ||
| Root Caries | 60 | ||
| Secondary, or Recurrent, Caries | 60 | ||
| Measuring Plaque pH, the Stephan Curve | 61 | ||
| The Relationship of Mineral Saturation to pH | 62 | ||
| Demineralization and Remineralization Principles | 62 | ||
| The Relationship between HAP, FHA, and CaF2 | 62 | ||
| Depth of Remineralization | 62 | ||
| Summary | 63 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 63 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 63 | ||
| References | 64 | ||
| Glossary | 67 | ||
| Chapter 5: Periodontal Diseases | 69 | ||
| Introduction | 70 | ||
| The Periodontium | 71 | ||
| The Gingival Sulcus | 75 | ||
| Periodontal Microflora | 75 | ||
| The Developing Gingival Lesion | 77 | ||
| The Deepening Pocket | 77 | ||
| Cellular Defense in Theperiodontal Disease Process | 78 | ||
| Classifications of Periodontal Diseases | 79 | ||
| Risk Factors | 80 | ||
| Primary Prevention of Periodontal Diseases | 82 | ||
| Summary | 83 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 83 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 83 | ||
| References | 85 | ||
| Glossary | 87 | ||
| Chapter 6: Oral Cancer | 89 | ||
| Introduction | 90 | ||
| Risk Factors | 93 | ||
| Tobacco | 93 | ||
| Alcohol | 93 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus | 93 | ||
| Age | 94 | ||
| Race and Ethnicity | 94 | ||
| Actinic Radiation (Ultraviolet Light) Exposure | 94 | ||
| Potentially Malignant Oral Epithelial Lesions | 94 | ||
| Immune System Suppression | 95 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cavity or Oropharyngeal Cancer | 95 | ||
| Detection and Diagnosis of Oral Cancer | 95 | ||
| Health History | 95 | ||
| Oral Cancer Screening/Examination | 97 | ||
| Biopsy Types | 101 | ||
| Imaging | 102 | ||
| Prognosis of Oral Cancer: Staging System | 102 | ||
| Treatment Options For Oral Cancer | 102 | ||
| Considerations Regarding Treatment Options | 102 | ||
| Surgery | 104 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 104 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 105 | ||
| Management of Side Effects From Treatment of Oral Cancer | 105 | ||
| Surgical Reconstruction | 106 | ||
| Toxicity and Side Effects of Radiation Therapy | 106 | ||
| Toxicity and Side Effects of Chemotherapy | 108 | ||
| Role of the Dental Team | 109 | ||
| Education | 110 | ||
| Public Health Screening for Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers | 110 | ||
| Cultural Sensitivity | 110 | ||
| Summary | 110 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 110 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 111 | ||
| References | 111 | ||
| Glossary | 114 | ||
| Chapter7: Dental Trauma | 118 | ||
| Introduction | 119 | ||
| Etiology | 119 | ||
| Resorption | 120 | ||
| Inflammatory Resorption | 121 | ||
| Initial Examination | 121 | ||
| Soft Tissue Injuries | 122 | ||
| Categories of Traumatic Dental Injuries | 122 | ||
| Injury to Primary Teeth | 122 | ||
| Intruded Primary Teeth | 123 | ||
| Avulsed Primary Teeth | 123 | ||
| Injury to Permanent Teeth | 123 | ||
| Avulsed Secondary Teeth | 123 | ||
| Preservation of Avulsed Teeth | 123 | ||
| Preservation of Periodontal Ligament | 124 | ||
| Clinical Steps for Reimplantation | 124 | ||
| Fractured Secondary Teeth | 124 | ||
| Displaced Secondary Teeth | 124 | ||
| Intruded Secondary Teeth | 124 | ||
| Public Education on Dental Trauma | 125 | ||
| Research on Dental Trauma | 125 | ||
| Summary | 125 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 125 | ||
| Chapter 8: Host Defense Mechanisms in the Oral Cavity | 130 | ||
| Introduction | 131 | ||
| Anatomic Barriers: The Oral Epithelium | 131 | ||
| Normal Oral Flora | 133 | ||
| The Immune System in the Oral Cavity | 134 | ||
| Periodontal Disease and Host Defense Mechanisms | 135 | ||
| Saliva and its Role in Promoting Oral Homeostasis | 135 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 136 | ||
| Organic Components of Saliva | 137 | ||
| Summary | 139 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 139 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 139 | ||
| References | 140 | ||
| Glossary | 142 | ||
| Chapter 9: Toothbrushes and Toothbrushing Methods | 146 | ||
| Introduction | 147 | ||
| The History of the Toothbrush | 147 | ||
| Manual Toothbrush Designs | 147 | ||
| Toothbrush Profiles | 148 | ||
| Nylon Versus Natural Bristles | 148 | ||
| Bristle Shape and Texture | 148 | ||
| Handle Designs | 150 | ||
| Manual Toothbrushing Methods | 150 | ||
| Bass Method | 151 | ||
| Rolling Method | 151 | ||
| Stillman Method | 151 | ||
| Charters Technique | 151 | ||
| Fones Method | 152 | ||
| Leonard Technique | 152 | ||
| Horizontal Technique | 152 | ||
| Smith Method | 152 | ||
| Scrub Toothbrushing Technique | 153 | ||
| Modified Brushing Technique | 153 | ||
| Powered Toothbrushes | 153 | ||
| Design | 153 | ||
| Powered Toothbrush Methods and Uses | 154 | ||
| Toothbrush Efficiency and Safety Evaluations | 154 | ||
| Toothbrushing Time and Frequency | 155 | ||
| Clinical Assessments of Toothbrushing | 155 | ||
| Toothbrush Replacement | 156 | ||
| Tongue Brushing | 156 | ||
| The American Dental Association Acceptance Program | 156 | ||
| Summary | 156 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 156 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 156 | ||
| References | 157 | ||
| Glossary | 159 | ||
| Chapter 10: Dentifrices, Mouthrinses, and Chewing Gums | 161 | ||
| Introduction | 162 | ||
| Safety and Efficacy | 162 | ||
| Dentifrices | 163 | ||
| Packaging | 164 | ||
| Dentifrice Ingredients | 164 | ||
| Abrasives | 164 | ||
| Humectants | 165 | ||
| Soaps and Detergents | 166 | ||
| Flavoring | 166 | ||
| Sweetening Agents | 166 | ||
| Baking‐Soda Dentifrices | 166 | ||
| Methods of Controlling Plaque and Gingivitis | 166 | ||
| Therapeutic Dentifrices | 166 | ||
| Anticalculus Dentifrices | 168 | ||
| Antihypersensitivity Products | 168 | ||
| Mouthrinses | 169 | ||
| Cosmetic Mouthrinses: Halitosis | 169 | ||
| Xerostomia Mouthrinses | 169 | ||
| Therapeutic Mouthrinse Agents | 170 | ||
| Chewing Gum | 171 | ||
| Summary | 173 | ||
| Chapter 11: Self‐Care Adjuncts | 179 | ||
| Introduction | 180 | ||
| Oral Health Self‐Care | 181 | ||
| Frequency of Self‐Care | 181 | ||
| Dental Floss | 183 | ||
| Dental Flossing Methods | 184 | ||
| Promoting Flossing Behavior | 187 | ||
| Dental Floss Holder | 188 | ||
| Dental Floss Threader | 189 | ||
| Other Interdental Aids | 190 | ||
| Power Flosser | 191 | ||
| Interdental Brush | 191 | ||
| End‐Tuft Brush | 193 | ||
| Toothpick | 194 | ||
| Rubber Tip Stimulator | 197 | ||
| Nontraditional Adjuncts | 197 | ||
| Rinsing and Irrigation | 198 | ||
| Rinsing | 198 | ||
| Irrigation | 199 | ||
| Chewing Gum | 202 | ||
| Oral Malodor and the Tongue | 202 | ||
| Causes of Oral Malodor | 203 | ||
| Treatment of Oral Malodor | 203 | ||
| Tongue Cleaning | 204 | ||
| Summary | 206 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 207 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 207 | ||
| References | 208 | ||
| Glossary | 212 | ||
| Chapter 12: Implant and Denture Self‐Care | 215 | ||
| Introduction | 216 | ||
| Self‐Care of Implants | 216 | ||
| Overview of Implants | 216 | ||
| Manual Toothbrushing | 218 | ||
| Powered Toothbrushes | 219 | ||
| Dentifrices | 219 | ||
| Floss | 220 | ||
| Interdental Aids | 220 | ||
| Antimicrobials | 221 | ||
| Other Treatment Considerations | 221 | ||
| Self‐Care of Dentures | 221 | ||
| Types of Removable Prostheses | 221 | ||
| Oral and Systemic Health of Denture Wearers | 222 | ||
| Patient Education | 224 | ||
| Self‐Repair of Dentures | 227 | ||
| Denture Cleaning | 227 | ||
| Treatment of Candidiasis | 231 | ||
| Denture Liners | 232 | ||
| Denture Adhesives | 232 | ||
| Xerostomia and the Denture Patient | 234 | ||
| Summary | 235 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 235 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 235 | ||
| References | 236 | ||
| Glossary | 240 | ||
| Chapter 13: Community Water Fluoridation | 244 | ||
| Introduction | 245 | ||
| Definition and Background | 245 | ||
| History of Community Water Fluoridation | 246 | ||
| Mechanisms of Action off Fluoride | 250 | ||
| Benefits and Effectiveness of Fluoridation | 253 | ||
| Effects of Discontinuation of Water Fluoridation | 256 | ||
| Enamel Fluorosis | 257 | ||
| Reduction of the Risk for Enamel Fluorosis | 259 | ||
| Optimal Fluoride Levels | 260 | ||
| Engineering Aspects: Chemicals and Technical Systems | 261 | ||
| The Monitoring and Surveillance of Fluoridation | 261 | ||
| Cost of Community Water Fluoridation | 262 | ||
| Other Fluoride Vehicles | 263 | ||
| Summary | 264 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 264 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 264 | ||
| References | 265 | ||
| Glossary | 270 | ||
| Chapter 14: Topical Fluoride Therapy | 274 | ||
| Introduction | 275 | ||
| Mechanism of Action of Topical Fluoride Treatments | 275 | ||
| Effects of Fluoride an Plaque and Bacterial Metabolism | 277 | ||
| Topical Fluoride Applications | 278 | ||
| Available Forms | 278 | ||
| Application Procedures | 279 | ||
| Application Frequency | 281 | ||
| Efficacy of Topical Fluoride Therapy | 282 | ||
| Root Caries | 284 | ||
| Recommendations: Topical Fluoride Treatments | 285 | ||
| Fluoride Varnishes | 285 | ||
| Initiation of Therapy | 286 | ||
| Disadvantages of Fluoride Treatments | 287 | ||
| Fluoride‐Containing Prophylactic Pastes | 287 | ||
| Multiple Fluoride Therapy | 287 | ||
| Fluoride Rinses | 288 | ||
| Fluoride Gels for Oral Self‐Care | 289 | ||
| Fluoride‐Releasing Dental Materials | 290 | ||
| Toxicology of Fluoride | 290 | ||
| Emergency Treatment | 291 | ||
| Chronic Excessive Fluoride Exposure | 291 | ||
| Home Security of Fluoride Products | 292 | ||
| Summary | 292 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 292 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 292 | ||
| References | 293 | ||
| Glossary | 299 | ||
| Chapter 15: Dental Sealants | 301 | ||
| Introduction | 302 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 302 | ||
| Sealant Use in Dental Care | 302 | ||
| Polymerization of Sealants | 303 | ||
| Light‐Cured Sealants | 304 | ||
| Self‐Cured Sealants | 304 | ||
| Types of Sealants | 304 | ||
| Glass Ionomer Cement Sealants | 304 | ||
| Sealants with Bonding Agents | 305 | ||
| Self‐Etching Light‐Cured Sealants | 305 | ||
| Fluoride‐Releasing Sealants | 305 | ||
| Moisture‐Resistant Sealants | 305 | ||
| Colored versus Clear Sealants | 305 | ||
| Sealant Retention | 305 | ||
| Criteria for Selecting Teeth for Sealant Placement | 306 | ||
| Sealant Placement | 307 | ||
| Increasing the Surface Area | 307 | ||
| Pit‐and‐Fissure Depth | 307 | ||
| Surface Cleanliness | 307 | ||
| Preparing the Tooth for Sealant Application | 307 | ||
| Drying the Tooth Surface | 308 | ||
| Sealant Application | 308 | ||
| Occlusal and Interproximal Discrepancies | 309 | ||
| Evaluating Retention of Sealants | 309 | ||
| Placement of Sealants Over Carious Lesions | 309 | ||
| Dental Providers | 309 | ||
| Economics | 309 | ||
| Disparities in Dental Sealant Use | 310 | ||
| Summary | 310 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 310 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 311 | ||
| References | 311 | ||
| Glossary | 314 | ||
| Chapter 16: Nutrition, Diet, and Associated Oral Conditions | 316 | ||
| Introduction | 317 | ||
| Diet Assessment and Counseling in Dental Care | 317 | ||
| Primary Prevention | 317 | ||
| Secondary Prevention | 318 | ||
| Tertiary Prevention | 318 | ||
| The Basis for a Healthy Diet | 318 | ||
| Dietary Reference Intakes | 318 | ||
| Dietary Guidelines for Americans | 319 | ||
| MyPlate | 319 | ||
| Food Labels | 319 | ||
| Nutritional Factors Affecting the Oral Cavity | 322 | ||
| Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) | 323 | ||
| Minerals | 325 | ||
| Vitamins | 325 | ||
| Diet and Enameldemineralization | 326 | ||
| Diet and Dental Caries | 326 | ||
| Role of Carbohydrates | 326 | ||
| Effects of Eating Patterns and Physical Form of Foods | 327 | ||
| Caries‐Protective Foods and Nutrients | 327 | ||
| Measurement of Foods’ Cariogenic Potential | 328 | ||
| Nutrition and Periodontal Diseases | 329 | ||
| Untitled | 329 | ||
| Lifestyle Diet and Oral Health Issues | 329 | ||
| Early Childhood Caries | 329 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 330 | ||
| Aging Issues | 331 | ||
| Dental and Nutritionalimplications of Commonchronic Conditions | 332 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 332 | ||
| Immunocompromising Conditions | 332 | ||
| Oral Surgery and Intermaxillary Fixation | 333 | ||
| Summary | 334 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 334 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 335 | ||
| References | 335 | ||
| Glossary | 339 | ||
| Chapter 17: Sugar and Other Sweeteners | 342 | ||
| Introduction | 343 | ||
| Taste Perception and Sensation | 343 | ||
| History of Sweeteners | 344 | ||
| Sucrose and Constituents | 345 | ||
| Uses of Sucrose | 345 | ||
| Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Sucrose | 345 | ||
| Sugars and Dental Caries Formation | 346 | ||
| Polyols as Sweeteners | 348 | ||
| Sorbitol | 348 | ||
| Mannitol | 348 | ||
| Xylitol | 348 | ||
| Intense Sweeteners | 349 | ||
| Saccharin | 349 | ||
| Aspartame | 350 | ||
| Acesulfame‐K | 350 | ||
| Sucralose | 350 | ||
| Neotame | 350 | ||
| Nonnutritive Sweeteners not Approved in the United States | 350 | ||
| Alitame | 350 | ||
| Cyclamate | 351 | ||
| Neohesperidin | 351 | ||
| Stevia (Steveoside) | 351 | ||
| Thaumatin | 351 | ||
| Health Considerations | 351 | ||
| obesity | 351 | ||
| Diabetes and glycemic response | 351 | ||
| Hyperlipidemias | 352 | ||
| Behavioral Disorders | 352 | ||
| Summary | 352 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 352 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 352 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 352 | ||
| References | 353 | ||
| Glossary | 355 | ||
| Chapter 18: Health Education and Promotion Theories | 358 | ||
| Introduction | 359 | ||
| History of Health Education | 359 | ||
| Health Belief Model | 359 | ||
| Oral Health Applications | 360 | ||
| Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change | 360 | ||
| Oral Health Applications | 362 | ||
| Theory of Reasoned Action | 362 | ||
| Oral Health Applications | 363 | ||
| Social Learning Theory | 364 | ||
| Chapter 19: Tobacco Cessation | 373 | ||
| Introduction | 374 | ||
| Tobacco Use: Morbidity, Mortality, and U.S. Population Trends | 374 | ||
| Tobacco‐Related Oral Diseases and Lesions | 376 | ||
| oral Cancer/Precancerous lesions | 377 | ||
| Periodontal Diseases | 377 | ||
| Smokeless Tobacco and Periodontal Disease | 378 | ||
| Tobacco Types, Toxins, and Carcinogens | 378 | ||
| Nicotine Use: A Biochemical Dependence | 380 | ||
| Tobacco Use: A Behavioral and Social Addiction | 381 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy for Treatment of Nicotine Dependence | 381 | ||
| Components of an Effective Tobacco Dependence Intervention | 384 | ||
| PhS’s Five R’s | 386 | ||
| Levels of a TDI | 388 | ||
| Brief intervention (1+ minute) | 388 | ||
| Moderate intervention (5 to 10 minutes) | 388 | ||
| Intensive Intervention (20 or more minutes) | 388 | ||
| Summary | 388 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 389 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 390 | ||
| References | 391 | ||
| Glossary | 394 | ||
| Chapter 20: Athletic Mouthguards | 397 | ||
| Introduction | 398 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 398 | ||
| Mouthguard Use | 398 | ||
| Contact Sport Injuries | 399 | ||
| Mouthguard Protection and Injury Prevention | 399 | ||
| Types of Mouthguards | 400 | ||
| Fabrication of the Custom‐Made, Vacuum‐Formed Mouthguard | 402 | ||
| Dental Provider’s Role in Mouthguard Use | 402 | ||
| Summary | 402 | ||
| Practice Considerations | 402 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 403 | ||
| References | 403 | ||
| Glossary | 405 | ||
| Chapter 21: Technological Advances in Primary Dental Care | 407 | ||
| Introduction | 408 | ||
| Immunizations in Oral Health | 408 | ||
| Dental Caries | 408 | ||
| Periodontal Diseases | 410 | ||
| Genetics | 410 | ||
| Dental Caries | 411 | ||
| Periodontal Diseases | 412 | ||
| Gene Therapy | 412 | ||
| Stem Cells in Oral Health | 412 | ||
| Probiotics in Oral Health | 413 | ||
| Advances in Caries Detection | 413 | ||
| Summary | 414 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 414 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 414 | ||
| References | 415 | ||
| Glossary | 416 | ||
| Chapter 22: Pregnancy and Infancy | 419 | ||
| IntroductIon | 420 | ||
| Introduction to Pregnancy and Infancy | 420 | ||
| Population Characteristics | 420 | ||
| Pregnant Women | 420 | ||
| Infants | 421 | ||
| Common Oral Manifestations | 422 | ||
| Pregnant Women | 422 | ||
| Infants | 423 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 425 | ||
| Pregnant Women | 425 | ||
| Infants | 426 | ||
| A Protocol for Early Preventive Intervention | 428 | ||
| Summary | 431 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 432 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 432 | ||
| References | 433 | ||
| Glossary | 435 | ||
| Chapter 23: Pediatrics | 437 | ||
| Introduction | 438 | ||
| Population Characteristics | 438 | ||
| Child Development | 438 | ||
| Early Childhood Development: 2 to 5 Years of Age | 441 | ||
| School‐Age Development: 6 to 11 Years of Age | 441 | ||
| Adolescent Development: 12 to 19 Years of Age | 442 | ||
| Children’s Development and Behavior | 443 | ||
| Common Oral Manifestations | 443 | ||
| Early Childhood Caries | 443 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 443 | ||
| Communication | 444 | ||
| Tell‐Show‐Do | 446 | ||
| Voice Control | 446 | ||
| Positive reinforcement | 446 | ||
| Distraction | 446 | ||
| Summary | 446 | ||
| ractIcal | 447 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 447 | ||
| References | 447 | ||
| Glossary | 449 | ||
| Chapter 24: Adult Dental Care | 451 | ||
| Introduction | 452 | ||
| Population Characteristics | 452 | ||
| Adolescence to Young Adulthood: 13– 20 Years of Age | 452 | ||
| Early Adulthood: 21– 39 Years of Age | 452 | ||
| Mature Adulthood: 40– 60 Years of Age | 452 | ||
| Common Oral Manifestations | 453 | ||
| Dental Caries | 453 | ||
| Periodontal Diseases | 453 | ||
| Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer | 453 | ||
| Women’s Oral Health | 456 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 456 | ||
| Adolescence to Young Adulthood: 13– 20 Years of Age | 456 | ||
| Early Adulthood: 21– 39 Years of Age | 457 | ||
| Mature Adulthood: 40– 60 Years of Age | 458 | ||
| Summary | 460 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 460 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 460 | ||
| References | 461 | ||
| Glossary | 463 | ||
| Chapter 25: Geriatrics | 465 | ||
| Introduction | 466 | ||
| Population Characteristics | 466 | ||
| Frail Elderly | 468 | ||
| Health | 468 | ||
| Physiologic Changes | 470 | ||
| Functional status | 470 | ||
| Cognitive Changes | 470 | ||
| Common Oral Manifestations | 471 | ||
| Long‐Term Care | 473 | ||
| surgeon General’s report | 473 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 475 | ||
| Senior‐Friendly Dental Practice | 475 | ||
| Health Promotion | 475 | ||
| Public Policy | 476 | ||
| Dental Providers | 476 | ||
| Summary | 477 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 477 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 477 | ||
| References | 478 | ||
| Glossary | 480 | ||
| Chapter 26: Medically Compromised Populations | 482 | ||
| Introduction | 483 | ||
| Arthritis | 483 | ||
| Characteristics and Common Oral Manifestations | 483 | ||
| Preventive Treatment strategies | 483 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 483 | ||
| Characteristics of Anorexia and Bulimia and Common Oral Manifestations | 483 | ||
| Characteristics of Pica and Common Oral Manifestations | 483 | ||
| Chapter 27: Populations with Developmental Disabilities | 503 | ||
| Introduction | 504 | ||
| Intellectual Disability | 507 | ||
| Characteristics and Common Oral Manifestations | 507 | ||
| Causes of ID | 507 | ||
| Classification of Intellectual Disability | 507 | ||
| Common Physical and Oral Characteristics | 508 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 509 | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorders (Asds) | 511 | ||
| Characteristics and Common Oral Manifestations | 511 | ||
| Common Causes of Asds | 511 | ||
| Classification of Asd | 511 | ||
| Common Physical and Oral Manifestations | 511 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 512 | ||
| Cerebral Palsy | 512 | ||
| Common Causes, Classification,Characteristics, and Common Oral Manifestations | 512 | ||
| Common Physical and Oral Characteristics | 513 | ||
| Preventive strategies | 513 | ||
| Down Syndrome | 514 | ||
| Characteristics and Classifications | 514 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 515 | ||
| Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (Adhd) | 517 | ||
| Population Statistics and Characteristics | 517 | ||
| Classification of Adhd | 517 | ||
| Common Physical and Oral Characteristics | 517 | ||
| Preventive Strategies | 517 | ||
| An Overlapping Population: Children and Adults with Gastrostomy Tubes and Aspiration Risk | 518 | ||
| Preventive strategies | 518 | ||
| Preventive Outreach for People with Disabilities | 519 | ||
| Answers to Questions Commonly Asked by Caregivers | 519 | ||
| Summary | 520 | ||
| Practical Considerations | 521 | ||
| Self-Study Questions | 521 | ||
| References | 522 | ||
| Glossary | 523 | ||
| Index | 525 | ||
| Untitled | b |