BOOK
Electrocardiology '97 - Proceedings Of The Xxiv International Congress On Electrocardiology
Bacharova Ljuba | Macfarlane Peter W
(1998)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This volume provides a comprehensive synthesis of the recent advances in the field of electrocardiology, giving a unified framework for a multidisciplinary approach to further studies in this highly complex field. It should serve as a valuable reference for practising, clinical and investigative cardiologists as well as graduate students.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preface | v | ||
| International Society of Electrocardiology | vi | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| I. Basic Electrophysiology and Electropharmacology | 1 | ||
| Heterogeneity in Sensitivity of Cardiac Myocytes to Ischemia as a Substrate for Arrhythmogenesis in Ischemia and Reperfusion | 3 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 3 | ||
| 2 Material and Methods | 4 | ||
| 3 Results | 4 | ||
| 4 Conclusion | 6 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 6 | ||
| References | 7 | ||
| The Antiarrhythmic-Defibrillatory Effect of d-Sotalol in Monolayer of Rat Cardio Myocytes | 8 | ||
| Introduction | 8 | ||
| Materials and Methods | 9 | ||
| Results | 10 | ||
| Discussion | 10 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| Effects of Vesnarinone on the Delayed Rectifier K+ Current - Experimental and Simulation Study - | 14 | ||
| Introduction | 14 | ||
| Methods | 15 | ||
| Results | 16 | ||
| Discussion | 17 | ||
| References | 17 | ||
| A New Model for The Evaluation of Posthypoxic Recovery in Guinea Pig Papillary Muscle | 19 | ||
| Introduction | 19 | ||
| Aims of the Study | 20 | ||
| Methods | 20 | ||
| Summary of the Results | 21 | ||
| Discussion | 22 | ||
| References | 22 | ||
| Delayed Protection of the Heart Against Ischemia and Postischemic Reperfusion (I-R)-Induced Arrhythmias by 7-OXO-Prostacyclin (PGI2): Molecular Mechanisms | 23 | ||
| Introduction | 23 | ||
| Material and Methods | 24 | ||
| Results | 24 | ||
| Discussion | 25 | ||
| Conclusions | 26 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 26 | ||
| References | 26 | ||
| Cooling Effect on Activation Sequence of the Ventricular Epicardium in the Rabbit | 27 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 27 | ||
| 2 Methods | 27 | ||
| 3 Results | 28 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 30 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 30 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 30 | ||
| References | 30 | ||
| Alterations of Ventricular Epicardial Repolarization Sequence Under Moderate Heart Cooling in the Rabbit | 31 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 31 | ||
| 2 Methods | 31 | ||
| 3 Results | 32 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 32 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 34 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 34 | ||
| References | 34 | ||
| Preconditioning With Norepinephrine in Isolated Guinea Pig Cardiomyocytes | 35 | ||
| Introduction | 35 | ||
| Aims of the study | 36 | ||
| Methods | 36 | ||
| Drugs used | 36 | ||
| Protocols | 36 | ||
| Discussion | 38 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 38 | ||
| References | 38 | ||
| Subcellular Changes in the Heart with Transient or Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmias | 39 | ||
| Introduction | 39 | ||
| Materials and Methods | 40 | ||
| Results | 41 | ||
| Discussion | 43 | ||
| References | 44 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 44 | ||
| II. Computer Modeling | 45 | ||
| Ventricular Activation as a Composition of Deterministic and Stochastic Processes | 47 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 47 | ||
| 2 Materials and Method | 48 | ||
| 3 Results | 48 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 49 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 50 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 50 | ||
| References | 50 | ||
| A Simulation Study of Torsade De Pointes With QT Prolongation | 51 | ||
| Introduction | 51 | ||
| Methods | 51 | ||
| Results | 53 | ||
| Discussion | 54 | ||
| References | 54 | ||
| Computer Simulation Study of Vectorcardiographic Manifestations of Heterogeneous Left Ventricular Hypertrophy | 55 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 55 | ||
| 2 Method | 56 | ||
| 3 Results | 57 | ||
| 4 Conclusion | 58 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 58 | ||
| References | 58 | ||
| Inverse Localization of Preexcitation Sites Using \"Jumping Dipole | 59 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 59 | ||
| 2 Method | 59 | ||
| 3 Results | 60 | ||
| 4 Discussion and Conclusions | 62 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 62 | ||
| References | 62 | ||
| Models for Simplified Mapping of Heart Electrophysiological States | 63 | ||
| Abstract | 63 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 63 | ||
| 2 Methods | 63 | ||
| 2.1 Model of cardioelectric generator for depolarization | 63 | ||
| 2.2 Model of cardioelectric generotor for repolarization | 64 | ||
| 3 Results and Conclusions | 65 | ||
| References | 66 | ||
| Biophysical Approach to the Comparative Electrocardiology | 67 | ||
| References | 70 | ||
| Forward Solution Based on Experimental Data Measured in Animals with Different Myocardial Activation Patterns | 71 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 71 | ||
| 2 Methods | 71 | ||
| 3 Results | 72 | ||
| 4 Conclusion | 74 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 74 | ||
| References | 74 | ||
| Thermal Regimes of Heart, Myocardium Repolarization and St-T Genesis. A Model Study | 75 | ||
| References | 78 | ||
| III. Heart Rate Regulation and Rhythm Disturbances | 79 | ||
| Heart Rate Control and Hemodynamics During Sleep in Cad Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome | 81 | ||
| Introduction | 81 | ||
| Contingent and Methods | 81 | ||
| Results and Discussion | 82 | ||
| Conclusion | 84 | ||
| References | 84 | ||
| Baroreflex Sensitivity and Heart Rate Variability | 85 | ||
| Introduction | 85 | ||
| Contingent and Methods | 85 | ||
| Results | 86 | ||
| Conclusion | 88 | ||
| References | 88 | ||
| Autonomic Heart Rate Control Modifications in Relation to Localisation of Pathological Process in Coronary Artery Disease Patients | 89 | ||
| Introduction | 89 | ||
| Methods and Contingent | 89 | ||
| Results | 90 | ||
| Conclusions | 92 | ||
| References | 92 | ||
| Comparison of Discriminative Ability of Signal Averaged and Single Beat Cardiac Micropotentials in Subjects with/without Myocardial Electrical Instability | 93 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 93 | ||
| 2 Material and Methods | 94 | ||
| 3 Results | 95 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 96 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 96 | ||
| References | 96 | ||
| Comparison of the Time-Frequency Mapping of the Signal Averaged ECG Signal Using FFT Algorithm and Wigner Distribution | 97 | ||
| References | 99 | ||
| Comparative Study on Antiarrhythmic Effects of a New Class IC Drug, Pilsicainide and Disopyramide on Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation | 100 | ||
| Introduction | 100 | ||
| Methods | 101 | ||
| Results | 101 | ||
| Discussion | 103 | ||
| References | 104 | ||
| High Resolution ECG in Dogs - Gliding Window Fast Fourier Transform Analysis and Wigner's Transformation | 105 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 105 | ||
| 2. Material and Methods | 106 | ||
| 2.1. High-resolution electrocardiogaphy | 106 | ||
| 2.2. Time domain analysis | 106 | ||
| 2.3. Frequency domain analysis | 106 | ||
| 3. Results | 107 | ||
| 4. Conclusions | 107 | ||
| References | 108 | ||
| First Experiences with Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation | 109 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 109 | ||
| 2 Methods | 110 | ||
| 3 Results | 110 | ||
| 3.1 Patients with the wolff-parkinson-white syndrome | 110 | ||
| 3.2 Slow pathway ablation in patients with AV nodal reentry tachycardia | 111 | ||
| 3.3 Atrial fibrillation and miscellaneous tachycardias | 111 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 112 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 112 | ||
| References | 112 | ||
| Sinus Node Dysfunction in Children | 113 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 113 | ||
| 2 Material Nad Methods | 113 | ||
| 3 Results | 114 | ||
| Atropine testing | 115 | ||
| Exercise test | 115 | ||
| 24 hour Ecg monitoring | 115 | ||
| Transoesophageal stimulation | 115 | ||
| 4 Treatment | 115 | ||
| 5 Discussion | 116 | ||
| References | 116 | ||
| Autonomic Neuropathy and Hypertension Increase QT Dispersion in Diabetics | 117 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 117 | ||
| 2. Patients and Methods | 118 | ||
| 3. Results | 119 | ||
| 4. Discussion | 119 | ||
| 5. References | 120 | ||
| Periodicity of Severe Arrhythmias in Chronic Respiratory Failure at Altitude Above 1,000 M | 121 | ||
| Conclusions | 124 | ||
| References | 124 | ||
| Compared Study to Holter-SA-ECG with Left Ventricular Function Using Multiple Gated Acquisition Cardiac Blood Pool Imaging in Patients with Myocardial Infarction | 125 | ||
| Backgrouds and Purpose | 125 | ||
| Patients and Methods | 125 | ||
| Results | 126 | ||
| Conclusion | 126 | ||
| Discussion | 128 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 128 | ||
| References | 128 | ||
| Influence of the Infarct Site on the Identification of Patients with Ventricular Tachycardia after Myocardial Infarction Based on the Time -Domain and Spectral Turbulence Analysis of the Signal- Averaged Electrocardiogram | 129 | ||
| Abstract | 129 | ||
| Introduction | 129 | ||
| Methods | 130 | ||
| Patients | 130 | ||
| Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram | 130 | ||
| Statistics | 131 | ||
| Results | 131 | ||
| Discussion | 132 | ||
| Conclusion | 133 | ||
| References | 133 | ||
| Signal Averaged Electrocardiogram in Chronic Chagas' Heart Disease | 135 | ||
| Abstract | 135 | ||
| Introduction | 135 | ||
| Patients | 136 | ||
| Methods | 136 | ||
| Results and Discussion | 137 | ||
| Conclusions | 139 | ||
| References | 139 | ||
| Signal-Averaged ECG in the Evaluation of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity in Survivors of Childhood Cancer | 142 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 143 | ||
| 2 Patients and Methods | 143 | ||
| 3 Results | 144 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 144 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 145 | ||
| References | 145 | ||
| IV. Body Surface Potential Mapping | 147 | ||
| Spherical-Quasiepicardium Potential Mapping in Estimation of Surgical Treatment for Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome | 149 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 149 | ||
| 2. Subjects and Methods | 149 | ||
| 3. Results and Conclusion | 151 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 151 | ||
| References | 151 | ||
| Noninvasive Localization of Preexcitation Sites Using Experimental BSPM Data | 153 | ||
| 1 Background | 153 | ||
| 2 Method and Material | 154 | ||
| 3 Results and Discussion | 155 | ||
| 4 Conclusions | 156 | ||
| References | 156 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 156 | ||
| The Incidence of Multipolar Distribution in the Body Surface QRST Isointegral Maps in Patients with Postinfarction Left Ventricular Aneurysm | 157 | ||
| Introduction | 158 | ||
| Material | 158 | ||
| Methods | 159 | ||
| Results | 159 | ||
| Discussion | 160 | ||
| References | 160 | ||
| Body Surface Potential Mapping of Simulated Retrograde P Waves Around the Atrioventricular Ring in the Dog | 166 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 166 | ||
| 2 Methods | 167 | ||
| 2.1 Canine preparations and experimental protocol | 167 | ||
| 2.2 Body surface potential mapping | 167 | ||
| 3 Results | 167 | ||
| 3.1 P wave potential mapping when P wave is separated from T wave | 167 | ||
| 3.2 Comparison of BSPM patterns for different stimulation sites | 168 | ||
| 3.3 Influence ofthe T wave during tachycardia | 168 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 169 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 169 | ||
| References | 169 | ||
| Cardiac Electric Field on Ventricular Epicardium and Body Surface in the Dog Under Ventricular Endocardial Stimulation | 170 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 170 | ||
| 2 Methods | 170 | ||
| 3 Results | 171 | ||
| 3.1 Sequence of the epicardial ventricular depolarization under ectopic excitation | 171 | ||
| 3.2 Relationship between potential distributions over torso and ventricular surfaces under ectopic foci in the right ventricle | 172 | ||
| 4 Conclusion | 173 | ||
| Cardiac Electric Field on Body Surface in Patients with Implanted Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers | 174 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 174 | ||
| 2 Materials and Methods | 174 | ||
| 3 Results | 175 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 177 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 177 | ||
| Properties of Cardiopotential Distribution on Chest Surface in Healthy People at the Period of the Heart Ventricular Depolarization | 178 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 178 | ||
| 2 Methods | 178 | ||
| 3 Results | 178 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 181 | ||
| 5. Conclusion | 181 | ||
| Comparative Study of the Influence of Somatometric Variables on Vectorcardiographic and Body Surface Mapping Characteristics | 182 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 182 | ||
| 2. Subjects and Methods | 182 | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | 183 | ||
| 3.1 Atrial activation | 183 | ||
| 3.2. Ventricular activation | 184 | ||
| 3.3 Ventricular repolarization | 185 | ||
| Conclusion | 185 | ||
| References | 185 | ||
| Long-Term Study of Heart Activation Changes Displayed in Body Surface Isochrone Maps with Threshold Potential | 186 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 187 | ||
| 2 Theoretical Background | 187 | ||
| 3 Methods | 187 | ||
| 4 Results | 188 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 188 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 189 | ||
| References | 189 | ||
| Arrhythmogenic Substrate for Malignant Arrhythmias Detected by Singular Value Decomposition of Body Surface Potential Maps | 190 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 190 | ||
| 2 Material and Methods | 191 | ||
| 2.1 Study subjects | 191 | ||
| 2.2 Body surface potential mapping | 191 | ||
| 2.3 Data processing | 191 | ||
| 2.4 Statistical analysis | 192 | ||
| 3 Results | 192 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 193 | ||
| 5 Conclusions | 193 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 193 | ||
| References | 193 | ||
| Body Surface Potential Map Database Developed in the Program JUMP 2001 | 194 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 194 | ||
| 2 Method | 195 | ||
| 3 Results | 196 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 197 | ||
| References | 197 | ||
| Statistical Validation of the Lux-Type Limited Lead System | 198 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 198 | ||
| 2. Methods | 199 | ||
| 3. Results | 200 | ||
| 4. Discussion | 201 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 201 | ||
| References | 201 | ||
| Comparison Study for Examination of the Information Equivalency of the Savard-63 and the Lux-192 Lead Systems | 202 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 202 | ||
| 2 Materials and Methods | 203 | ||
| 3 Results | 203 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 204 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 204 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 205 | ||
| References | 205 | ||
| Assessment of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy by QRS Isointegral Maps in Patients with Essential Hypertension | 206 | ||
| Introduction | 206 | ||
| Material | 207 | ||
| Methods | 207 | ||
| Results | 208 | ||
| Discussion | 208 | ||
| References | 209 | ||
| Diagnosis of Non-Q Wave Myocardial Infarction by Isoarea Departure Maps Using Different Time Periods | 210 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 210 | ||
| 2. Methods | 210 | ||
| 3. Results | 211 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 213 | ||
| References | 213 | ||
| Antidepressant Drugs and ECG Body Surface Maps | 214 | ||
| References | 217 | ||
| The Initial QRS Left in Severe Ventricular Pressure Overloading: a Body Surface Potential Mapping Study | 218 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 218 | ||
| 2 Material and Methods | 218 | ||
| 3 Patient Material | 219 | ||
| References | 223 | ||
| Body Surface Mapping Evaluation of Repercussions of the Reductive Ventriculectomy (Batista Operation) on the Electrical Activation of the Heart | 224 | ||
| Abstract | 224 | ||
| Introduction | 224 | ||
| Methods and Materials | 225 | ||
| Study population | 225 | ||
| Body surface mapping | 225 | ||
| Statistical analysis | 225 | ||
| Results | 225 | ||
| Discussion | 226 | ||
| Conclusions | 229 | ||
| References | 229 | ||
| Reference Sample with Appropriately Adjusted Characteristics Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Departure Isointegral Maps | 231 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 231 | ||
| 2. Material and Methods | 231 | ||
| 3. Results | 233 | ||
| 4. Conclusions | 234 | ||
| 5. References | 234 | ||
| The Influence of Thrombolytic Therapy on the Evolution of ST-T Departure Isointegral Bspms in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction | 235 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 235 | ||
| 2. Material and Methods | 235 | ||
| 3. Results | 236 | ||
| 3.1. DI-BSPMs after successful TL | 236 | ||
| 3.2. DI-BSPMs after failed TL or without TL treatment | 236 | ||
| 3.3. The clinical relationships (table 1 ) | 236 | ||
| 4. Conclusions | 238 | ||
| 5. References | 238 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Estimation of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Regression by Verapamil. a Longitudinal Follow-Up | 239 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 239 | ||
| 2 Methods | 239 | ||
| 3 Results | 240 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 242 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 242 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 242 | ||
| References | 242 | ||
| Solution of Direct and Inverse Problems of Electrocardiography Using a Multidipole Model | 243 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 243 | ||
| 2 Methods and Materials | 244 | ||
| 3 Results and Discussion | 245 | ||
| 4 Conclusions | 246 | ||
| References | 246 | ||
| V. Computer Assisted Electrocardiography | 247 | ||
| Computerized Analysis of the Spatial Velocity Curve of the T Loop: a New Diagnostic Approach | 249 | ||
| Introduction | 249 | ||
| Methods | 250 | ||
| Populations | 250 | ||
| Results | 251 | ||
| Conclusion | 252 | ||
| References | 252 | ||
| Computerised Exercise Electrocardiogram Analysis System \"Kaunas-Load | 253 | ||
| 1. lntroduction | 253 | ||
| 2. Patients and Methods | 254 | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | 255 | ||
| 4. Conclusions | 256 | ||
| Computerized System for Standard Electrophysiology Studies and Ablation Treatment of the Heart | 257 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 257 | ||
| 2 System Description | 258 | ||
| 3 Results | 260 | ||
| References | 260 | ||
| Computer Assisted Identification of Accessory Pathways from the 12-Lead ECG | 261 | ||
| Abstract | 261 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 261 | ||
| 2. Materials and Methods | 262 | ||
| 3. Results | 263 | ||
| 4. Discussion | 265 | ||
| References | 265 | ||
| Comparison of QRS Onset Location Using Neural Networks and Conventional Methods | 266 | ||
| Abstract | 266 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 266 | ||
| 2. Materials and Method | 267 | ||
| 2.1. CSE Reference library | 267 | ||
| 2.2. The training and test set | 267 | ||
| 2.3. Training the neural network | 268 | ||
| 2.4. Testing the neural network | 270 | ||
| 3. Results | 270 | ||
| 4. Discussion | 271 | ||
| References | 271 | ||
| Possibilities of Evaluation of Heart Functional State in Disabled Patients with Computerized ECG Analysis System | 272 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 272 | ||
| 2. Methods | 272 | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | 273 | ||
| References | 275 | ||
| VI. Clinical Electrocardiogrpahy, Vectorcardiography, and Dipolar Electrocardiotopography | 277 | ||
| Factors Affecting the Spatial Angle Between Integral QRS and T Vectors | 279 | ||
| Introduction | 279 | ||
| Subjects and Methods | 280 | ||
| Results | 280 | ||
| Conclusions | 282 | ||
| References | 282 | ||
| Analysis of Pre and Post-Operative Electrocardiographic Findings of Patients Submitted to the Reductive Ventriculectomy (Batista Operation) | 283 | ||
| Abstract | 283 | ||
| Introduction | 284 | ||
| Methods and Material | 284 | ||
| Study population | 284 | ||
| Standard 12-lead ECG | 285 | ||
| Results | 285 | ||
| Pre-op findings | 285 | ||
| Post-op findings | 285 | ||
| Discussion | 286 | ||
| Conclusions | 288 | ||
| References | 288 | ||
| Analysis of Pre and Post-Operative Vectorcardiographic Findings of Patients Submitted to the Reductive Ventriculectomy (Batista Operation) | 290 | ||
| Abstract | 290 | ||
| Introduction | 290 | ||
| Methods and Material | 291 | ||
| Results | 291 | ||
| Discussion | 293 | ||
| Conclusion | 295 | ||
| References | 295 | ||
| Decarto Technique in Recognition of Inferior Myocardial Infarction and Localized LVH Indistinguishable by Standard Criteria | 297 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 297 | ||
| 2. Subjects and Methods | 297 | ||
| 3. Results and Conclusion | 298 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 300 | ||
| References | 300 | ||
| The QRS Complex Configuration in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: its Clinical Significance and Anatomical Correlation | 301 | ||
| Abstract | 301 | ||
| Introduction | 301 | ||
| Methods | 302 | ||
| Results | 303 | ||
| Discussion | 304 | ||
| References | 305 | ||
| Statistical Recognition of Right Ventricular Enlargement on the Basis of Decartograms | 307 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 307 | ||
| 2. Subjects and Methods | 307 | ||
| 3. Results | 308 | ||
| 4. Discussion | 310 | ||
| 5. Conclusion | 310 | ||
| References | 310 | ||
| Assessment of Myocardial Viability with Electrocardiographic St-Segment Changes Induced by Low-Level Exercise | 311 | ||
| Introduction | 311 | ||
| Methods | 311 | ||
| Results | 312 | ||
| Discussion | 314 | ||
| References | 315 | ||
| Reversible Decrease of Depth of Q-Waves from Previous Infarction During Exercise Testing Due to Myocardial Ischemia of the Area Opposite to the Necrosis: a New Diagnostic Index of Ischemia | 316 | ||
| References | 319 | ||
| Diagnostic Efficacy of Seismocardiography and Electrocardiography for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease During Veloergometric Test | 320 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 320 | ||
| 3. Results and Discussion | 321 | ||
| 2. Methods and Materials | 322 | ||
| References | 323 | ||
| Electrical Alternan Detection During Exercise Testing | 324 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 324 | ||
| 1.1 Alternans mechanism | 324 | ||
| 1.2 Alternans measurement | 325 | ||
| 2 Methods | 325 | ||
| 2.1 Data source | 325 | ||
| 2.2 The alternans analysis technique | 325 | ||
| 3 Results | 326 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 327 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 327 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 327 | ||
| References | 327 | ||
| Exercise Vectorcardiogram or Treadmill Exercise Electrocardiogram Versus Thalium-201 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomogram in the Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischaemia | 328 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 328 | ||
| 2 Methods | 328 | ||
| 3 Results | 329 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 330 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 331 | ||
| References | 331 | ||
| The Clinical Significance of the Abnormality of St-T Segment in the Ambulatory ECG Recordings at Rest ....... Comparison with the Results of Stress ECG, Echocardiography and Coronary Arteriography | 332 | ||
| Background and Purpose | 332 | ||
| Subjects and Methods | 332 | ||
| Results | 333 | ||
| Discussion | 335 | ||
| Conclusion | 335 | ||
| References | 335 | ||
| Localization of Coronary Artery Narrowings by Exercise-Induced Change of Electrical Axis and St Depression with R-Wave Amplitude Correction in Singlevessel Coronary Artery Disease | 336 | ||
| 1 Background | 336 | ||
| 2 Methods | 336 | ||
| 2.1 Study population | 336 | ||
| 2.2 Exercise testing | 337 | ||
| 2.3 Axis change | 337 | ||
| 2.4 ST depression with R-wave amplitude correction | 337 | ||
| 2.6 Statistical analysis | 338 | ||
| 3 Result | 338 | ||
| 3.1 Axis change | 338 | ||
| 3.2 The lead of maximal ST depression | 338 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 338 | ||
| References | 339 | ||
| Comparison of the Variability of Specific Potential and Left Ventricular Mass in Congenital Aortic Stenosis | 340 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 340 | ||
| 2 Material and Methods | 341 | ||
| 3 Results and Discussion | 342 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 343 | ||
| References | 343 | ||
| VII. Electrocardiologic Monitoring of Myocardial Rejection | 345 | ||
| Influence of Circadian Rhythm on Intramyocardial Electrograms for Non-Invasive Rejection Monitoring After HTX | 347 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 347 | ||
| 2 Materials and Methods | 348 | ||
| 2.1 Transplant procedure, pacemaker implantation and patient management | 348 | ||
| 2.2 CHARM data aquisition, rejection and infection sensitive parameters | 348 | ||
| 3 Results | 349 | ||
| 3.1 System configuration | 349 | ||
| 3.2 Clinical studies | 349 | ||
| 3.3 Influence of circadian rhythm and pacing frequency on the rejection sensitive parameters | 350 | ||
| 4 Discussion and Conclusion | 352 | ||
| References | 353 | ||
| The Possibilities of Using the Wigner's Transformation of HR ECG for Non-Invasive Detection of Acute Graft Rejection After Heart Transplantation | 354 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 354 | ||
| 2. The Set of Patients and Methods | 355 | ||
| 2.1. EGG, HR EGG signal recording | 355 | ||
| 2.2. Time domain analysis | 355 | ||
| 2.3. Gliding window fast fourier transform analysis | 355 | ||
| 2.4. Time and frequency domain analysis | 355 | ||
| 2.5. Wiegner's transformation | 355 | ||
| 3. Results | 355 | ||
| 4. Conclusions | 356 | ||
| References | 356 | ||
| High-Resolution ECG as a Part of Complex Care for Patients after Orthotopic Heart Transplantation a Case Report | 357 | ||
| 1 Introduction | 357 | ||
| 2 Case Report | 358 | ||
| 3 Results | 358 | ||
| 4 Discussion | 359 | ||
| 5 Conclusion | 359 | ||
| 6 References | 360 | ||
| VIII. Standards for Core ECG Laboratories | 361 | ||
| ECG Core Labs | 363 | ||
| Coding of Serial ECG Changes using an Adaption of the Novacode for Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction in a Large Multicenter Clinical Trial: the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Experience | 365 | ||
| Abstract | 365 | ||
| Introduction | 366 | ||
| Serial Comparison Program | 366 | ||
| Results | 366 | ||
| Frequency of Override Rules | 367 | ||
| Discussion | 367 | ||
| References | 368 | ||
| Experience with a Core ECG/VCG Laboratory in Slovakia | 369 | ||
| Acknowledgment | 371 | ||
| References | 371 | ||
| ECG Analysis Beyond Core Lab Duty Experience from Three Scandinavian Trials | 373 | ||
| Abstract | 373 | ||
| Improved Identification of Acute Myocardial Infarction with 16-Lead ECG | 376 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 376 | ||
| 2. Methods | 377 | ||
| 3. Results | 378 | ||
| 4. Discussion | 379 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 379 | ||
| References | 379 | ||
| Recommendations for Consistent Placement of the Chest Electrodes in Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Studies | 380 | ||
| 1 Background | 380 | ||
| 2 Training of ECG Technicians | 380 | ||
| 3 Placement of Limb Electrodes | 381 | ||
| 4. Placement of Chest Electrodes | 381 | ||
| 4.1 Electrodes V1 and V2 | 381 | ||
| 4.2 The level of V4, V5 and V6 | 381 | ||
| 4.3 Left midaxillary line and the location of V6 | 382 | ||
| 4.4 Locations of V4, V3 and V5 | 382 | ||
| 3.5 Locations of V4, V3 and V5. alternative method | 382 | ||
| Discussion | 382 | ||
| References | 383 | ||
| Coding Experience at the Glasgow Core ECG Laboratory | 384 | ||
| 1. Introduction | 384 | ||
| 2. Methods | 384 | ||
| 3. Collaborative Studies | 387 | ||
| 4. Coding Problems | 387 | ||
| 5. Discussion | 387 | ||
| 6. Recommendations | 388 | ||
| References | 388 | ||
| Bratislava Resolution | 389 | ||
| Author Index | 391 |