Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Clinical Orthodontics: Current Concepts, Goals and Mechanics, now in its second edition, focuses on the clinical aspects of art and science of orthodontics. The book primarily centres around contemporary treatment principles and techniques, and redefines orthodontic treatment goals in accordance with the current understanding of the science. Newer treatment methods are highlighted with unbiased treatment approach to produce high-quality results.
- Revised and updated chapters covering important areas of the subject
- Each chapter is supported by well-documented clinical cases and high-quality illustrations for better understanding
- Exclusive chapters include: Digital Imaging in Orthodontics, Interdisciplinary Orthodontics, Excellence in Finishing, Functional Occlusion Goals in Orthodontics, Lingual Orthodontics, Role of Skeletal Anchorage in Modern Orthodontics, Optimizing Orthodontic Treatment, and Management of an Orthodontic Practice
- Chapter contributions by a dynamic group of leading world-class clinicians, researchers, teachers and authors, delivering cutting-edge information
- Craniofacial Growth: A Clinical Perspective
- Role of Skeletal Anchorage in Modern Orthodontics
- Optimizing Orthodontic Treatment
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Front matter | i | ||
| Copyright | i | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Foreword | vii | ||
| Contributors | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Acknowledgements | xiii | ||
| Table of contents | xv | ||
| Detailed contents | xvi | ||
| Prologue Current status of orthodontic profession | xxi | ||
| Diagnosis and imaging | xxi | ||
| Research and material science | xxii | ||
| Clinical orthodontics and practice management | xxii | ||
| Appliance innovations | xxiii | ||
| 1 Craniofacial growth: A clinical perspective | 1 | ||
| Cranial base | 1 | ||
| Maxilla | 3 | ||
| Mandible | 4 | ||
| Dental arches | 6 | ||
| Horizontal and vertical growth inter-relationship | 6 | ||
| Overbite changes | 8 | ||
| Facial soft tissue growth | 8 | ||
| Nasal growth | 8 | ||
| Growth changes in the lip length and thickness | 9 | ||
| The chin growth | 9 | ||
| Post-treatment craniofacial growth | 9 | ||
| Ageing: Skeletal and soft tissue changes | 10 | ||
| Conclusion | 10 | ||
| References | 10 | ||
| 2 Diagnosis and treatment planning | 12 | ||
| Diagnostic information | 13 | ||
| Patient interview (questionnaire) | 13 | ||
| Clinical examination | 14 | ||
| Natural head position | 14 | ||
| Extraoral examination | 14 | ||
| Cephalic and facial type | 14 | ||
| Frontal facial examination | 15 | ||
| Profile facial examination | 16 | ||
| Malar sufficiency | 16 | ||
| Examination of nose | 16 | ||
| Examination of lips | 16 | ||
| Examination of chin | 18 | ||
| Intraoral examination | 20 | ||
| Evaluation of oral health | 20 | ||
| Functional examination | 21 | ||
| Assessment of the postural rest position of the mandible | 21 | ||
| Assessment in the sagittal plane | 22 | ||
| 1. class II malocclusions | 22 | ||
| 2. class III malocclusions | 22 | ||
| Assessment in the vertical plane | 22 | ||
| Assessment in the transverse plane | 22 | ||
| Examination of the tmj | 22 | ||
| Examination of orofacial function | 23 | ||
| Diagnostic records and their analysis | 24 | ||
| Study models | 24 | ||
| Archform analysis | 24 | ||
| Bolton’s tooth ratio analysis | 25 | ||
| Mixed dentition analysis | 25 | ||
| Radiographic records | 26 | ||
| Radiologic examination | 26 | ||
| Cephalometric analysis | 26 | ||
| Cranial base assessment | 27 | ||
| Maxillary skeletal assessment | 28 | ||
| Maxillary dentoalveolar assessment | 28 | ||
| Mandibular dentoalveolar assessment | 29 | ||
| Mandibular skeletal assessment | 31 | ||
| Maxillomandibular relation | 33 | ||
| Soft tissue analysis | 34 | ||
| Diagnostic process | 35 | ||
| Defining treatment goals | 35 | ||
| Static occlusal goals | 37 | ||
| Stomatognathic function | 37 | ||
| A) dynamic occlusal relationships | 37 | ||
| B) orofacial function | 38 | ||
| Optimal dentofacial aesthetics | 38 | ||
| Periodontal health | 39 | ||
| Post-treatment long-term stability | 39 | ||
| Orthodontic treatment planning | 39 | ||
| Factors influencing treatment planning | 39 | ||
| Growth | 39 | ||
| Location of discrepancy | 40 | ||
| Existing discrepancy | 40 | ||
| Functional assessment | 40 | ||
| Aetiological assessment | 41 | ||
| Patient compliance | 41 | ||
| Dentofacial aesthetics | 41 | ||
| Patient motivation and expectations | 42 | ||
| Periodontal condition | 42 | ||
| Retention and stability considerations | 42 | ||
| Growth prediction | 42 | ||
| Longitudinal method of growth prediction | 43 | ||
| Metric approach to growth prediction | 43 | ||
| Structural approach to growth prediction | 43 | ||
| Treatment options | 43 | ||
| Early treatment | 43 | ||
| Extraction and non-extraction | 44 | ||
| Surgical and nonsurgical treatment | 44 | ||
| Orthopaedic and orthodontic treatment | 45 | ||
| Treatment sequencing | 45 | ||
| Evaluation of treatment progress | 45 | ||
| Conclusion | 46 | ||
| References | 47 | ||
| 3 Digital imaging in orthodontics | 49 | ||
| Digital clinical photography | 49 | ||
| Tips for capturing the perfect digital clinical photograph | 51 | ||
| Alternate image capture and management: Wireless tethered photography (fig. 3.9) | 52 | ||
| Digital impressioning systems for intraoral data capture (fig. 3.11) | 53 | ||
| Digital impressions, cad/cam, 3d printing | 53 | ||
| Communication: Case presentation, patient education, and marketing | 53 | ||
| Computerized cephalometry: Tracing, superimposition, and treatment planning | 54 | ||
| Tracing and analysis | 54 | ||
| Superimposition and treatment planning | 55 | ||
| Growth/treatment prediction and visual treatment objective (vto) | 55 | ||
| Growth prediction | 56 | ||
| Computerized prediction and planning | 56 | ||
| Three-dimensional radiography: Why cone beam computed tomography (cbct)? | 57 | ||
| History of cbct | 58 | ||
| Cone beam computed tomography | 58 | ||
| Spatial reality | 58 | ||
| Point of view | 59 | ||
| Endless views | 61 | ||
| Patient expectations | 61 | ||
| Caveats of cone beam | 63 | ||
| Cbct basics and terminology | 63 | ||
| Points of view | 63 | ||
| Maximum intensity projection (mip) | 63 | ||
| Attenuation and greyscale | 63 | ||
| Pixels and voxels | 63 | ||
| Hounsfield units (fig. 3.43) | 64 | ||
| Microsievert | 64 | ||
| Dosimetry: 2d VS 3d | 66 | ||
| Conclusion | 66 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 66 | ||
| References | 66 | ||
| 4 Sagittal discrepancies | 68 | ||
| Development of a sagittal problem | 68 | ||
| Diagnosis of sagittal discrepancies | 69 | ||
| Class II malocclusion | 69 | ||
| Clinical examination and functional assessment | 69 | ||
| Functional assessment | 69 | ||
| Morphologic characteristics | 69 | ||
| Horizontal types | 70 | ||
| Functional class II with a distally forced bite | 70 | ||
| Class III malocclusion | 70 | ||
| Assessment of facial profile | 72 | ||
| Functional assessment | 72 | ||
| Dental assessment | 72 | ||
| Cephalometric assessment | 73 | ||
| Treatment planning | 75 | ||
| Treatment of sagittal discrepancies | 75 | ||
| Treatment of class II malocclusion | 75 | ||
| Treatment of dentoalveolar class II malocclusion | 76 | ||
| Biologic variables | 76 | ||
| Dentoalveolar problems: Early treatment | 76 | ||
| Maxillary molar distalization | 76 | ||
| Case selection criteria. | 78 | ||
| Appliance selection. | 79 | ||
| Anchorage. | 79 | ||
| Expansion. | 79 | ||
| Force levels. | 79 | ||
| Stabilization of molars. | 79 | ||
| Postdistalization mechanics. | 79 | ||
| Non-extraction headgear treatment | 84 | ||
| Extraction treatment approach | 88 | ||
| Management of extraction space. | 88 | ||
| Management of vertical dentoalveolar problems | 89 | ||
| Orthodontic camouflage: A treatment alternative for skeletal discrepancy | 90 | ||
| Management of functional class II malocclusion | 90 | ||
| Functional criteria as the determinant of treatment method | 90 | ||
| Treatment of skeletal class II malocclusion | 90 | ||
| Maxillary prognathism | 90 | ||
| Mandibular retrusion | 92 | ||
| Treatment of class III malocclusion | 97 | ||
| Dentoalveolar class III malocclusion | 97 | ||
| Dentoalveolar movements to camouflage skeletal class III discrepancy | 99 | ||
| Functional class III malocclusion | 102 | ||
| Skeletal class III malocclusion | 102 | ||
| Maxillary skeletal retrusion | 102 | ||
| The orthopaedic facial mask. | 102 | ||
| Mandibular skeletal protrusion | 105 | ||
| Conclusion | 107 | ||
| References | 107 | ||
| 5 Vertical discrepancies | 109 | ||
| Development of a vertical problem | 109 | ||
| Growth | 109 | ||
| Environmental factors | 111 | ||
| Diagnosis of vertical discrepancies | 112 | ||
| Facial evaluation | 112 | ||
| Functional assessment | 112 | ||
| Morphologic characteristics | 114 | ||
| Treatment planning | 116 | ||
| Treatment of vertical discrepancies | 117 | ||
| Management of long-face patients | 117 | ||
| Mixed dentition treatment | 118 | ||
| Extraction treatment approach | 119 | ||
| Mandibular bite blocks and vertical-pull chin cup | 125 | ||
| Management of vertical problems in average-angle patients | 126 | ||
| Dentoalveolar open bite | 127 | ||
| Dentoalveolar deep overbite | 131 | ||
| Intrusion of incisors | 133 | ||
| Orthodontic camouflage: A treatment alternative for skeletal discrepancy | 136 | ||
| Management of short-face patients | 137 | ||
| Conclusion | 143 | ||
| References | 143 | ||
| 6 Transverse discrepancies | 145 | ||
| Development of a transverse problem | 145 | ||
| Diagnosis of transverse problems | 146 | ||
| Types of transverse discrepancies | 146 | ||
| Dental asymmetries | 146 | ||
| Midline deviations | 146 | ||
| Posterior tooth position | 148 | ||
| Archform distortions | 148 | ||
| Occlusal plane considerations | 148 | ||
| Skeletal transverse discrepancies | 149 | ||
| Muscular asymmetries | 149 | ||
| Functional transverse problems | 150 | ||
| Assessment of transverse problems | 150 | ||
| Clinical examination | 150 | ||
| Radiographic examination | 151 | ||
| Posteroanterior cephalogram | 151 | ||
| Transverse discrepancies: Their relationship with sagittal and vertical dimensions | 154 | ||
| Treatment planning considerations | 154 | ||
| Treatment of transverse discrepancies | 155 | ||
| Early resolution of transverse problems | 155 | ||
| Mandibular deviation | 157 | ||
| Maxillary constriction | 160 | ||
| Orthodontic correction of dental transverse discrepancies | 162 | ||
| Transverse problems involving asymmetric buccal occlusion | 162 | ||
| Asymmetric buccal occlusion without midline deviation | 164 | ||
| Posterior crossbites | 168 | ||
| Transverse occlusal plane considerations | 169 | ||
| Skeletal transverse problems in adults | 170 | ||
| Camouflage | 172 | ||
| Conclusion | 176 | ||
| References | 176 | ||
| 7 Surgical orthodontics | 177 | ||
| Diagnosis and treatment planning | 181 | ||
| Patient’s chief concern | 181 | ||
| General patient evaluation | 181 | ||
| Psychological evaluation | 181 | ||
| Facial evaluation | 182 | ||
| Frontal analysis | 182 | ||
| Facial form | 182 | ||
| Vertical dimension | 183 | ||
| Lower third of the face | 183 | ||
| Tooth-to-lip relationship | 184 | ||
| Transverse dimension | 185 | ||
| Profile analysis | 185 | ||
| Nose and paranasal areas | 185 | ||
| Lip projection | 186 | ||
| Labiomental fold | 186 | ||
| Nasolabial angle | 186 | ||
| Chin projection | 187 | ||
| Chin–throat angle | 187 | ||
| Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery | 188 | ||
| Cephalometric analysis | 188 | ||
| Soft tissue analysis | 188 | ||
| Hard tissue analysis | 188 | ||
| Soft tissue profile alterations | 189 | ||
| Dental cast | 190 | ||
| Prediction for treatment planning | 192 | ||
| Orthodontic preparation | 192 | ||
| Presurgical orthodontics | 192 | ||
| Horizontal plane | 192 | ||
| Vertical plane | 194 | ||
| Transverse considerations | 197 | ||
| Orthodontics for surgical patients | 197 | ||
| Surgical procedures | 197 | ||
| Surgical treatment for skeletal class II malocclusion | 197 | ||
| Surgery for class III skeletal dysplasia | 197 | ||
| Surgery for vertical problems | 197 | ||
| Maxillary vertical deficiency | 197 | ||
| Maxillary vertical excess | 197 | ||
| Postsurgical orthodontics | 198 | ||
| Stability following orthognathic surgery | 198 | ||
| Conclusion | 198 | ||
| References | 198 | ||
| 8 Role of skeletal anchorage in modern orthodontics | 199 | ||
| Various skeletal anchorage used in modern orthodontics | 199 | ||
| Orthodontic mini-implant | 199 | ||
| Bone plate | 200 | ||
| Palatal implant and plate | 200 | ||
| LIM (lingual irritation-free minimally-invasive) plate system | 203 | ||
| Placement of LIM plate system | 204 | ||
| Components of LIM plate system | 204 | ||
| Placement site of LIM plate system | 206 | ||
| Placement procedure of LIM plate system | 207 | ||
| Removal of LIM plate system | 210 | ||
| Cases using LIM plate system | 212 | ||
| Cases using mini-implant placed in the retromolar area of the mandible | 244 | ||
| Conclusion | 252 | ||
| References | 252 | ||
| 9 Lingual orthodontics | 253 | ||
| Key diagnostic and treatment planning considerations | 254 | ||
| Patient selection | 254 | ||
| Bracket positioning, laboratory setup and bonding procedure | 254 | ||
| Bracket positioning | 254 | ||
| The laboratory and indirect bonding procedure of hiro system | 258 | ||
| Impression making | 258 | ||
| Fabricating the setup | 258 | ||
| Prepare the ideal archwire | 258 | ||
| Mesiodistal position | 258 | ||
| Bracket height | 258 | ||
| Crimp surgical hooks | 259 | ||
| Stick dowel pins | 259 | ||
| Fabricate the attachments | 259 | ||
| Prepare the models | 261 | ||
| Soap the setup model | 261 | ||
| Complete the bracket prescription | 261 | ||
| Fabricate resin cores | 262 | ||
| Finalizing the resin cores | 263 | ||
| The bonding procedure | 263 | ||
| Bracket rebonding | 264 | ||
| The advantages of hiro system as compared with other indirect bonding techniques | 265 | ||
| Archwires used in lingual therapy | 266 | ||
| Archwire shape | 266 | ||
| Typical lingual archwire configuration | 266 | ||
| Anchorage control | 266 | ||
| Treatment sequence | 266 | ||
| Levelling, aligning, rotational control and bite opening | 266 | ||
| Archwire ligation | 267 | ||
| Retraction or consolidation mechanics | 267 | ||
| Torque control | 267 | ||
| Finishing and detailing | 267 | ||
| Various lingual appliance systems | 267 | ||
| Kurz appliance | 267 | ||
| Creekmore system | 271 | ||
| Lingual straight wire appliance | 271 | ||
| Experimentally made 45° torque twin brackets | 278 | ||
| Double over-tie | 279 | ||
| Speech difficulties | 279 | ||
| Tongue irritation | 279 | ||
| Bracket interference | 279 | ||
| Brackets being broken off | 280 | ||
| Cost | 280 | ||
| Hiro brackets | 280 | ||
| STb bracket system | 288 | ||
| Customized brackets | 288 | ||
| Biomechanics and case selection | 293 | ||
| Conclusion | 297 | ||
| References | 298 | ||
| 10 Management of cleft lip and cleft palate patients | 299 | ||
| Role of the orthodontist | 299 | ||
| Infancy | 299 | ||
| Impression technique, appliance fabrication and design | 300 | ||
| Appliance insertion and taping | 300 | ||
| Appliance adjustments and nasal stent fabrication | 301 | ||
| Nonsurgical columella lengthening in bilateral cleft lip and palate | 301 | ||
| Benefits of nam | 302 | ||
| Orthodontic/orthopaedic treatment in the primary dentition | 302 | ||
| Mixed dentition | 303 | ||
| Intermediate secondary alveolar bone graft | 303 | ||
| Bilateral cleft lip and palate: Premaxillary position | 304 | ||
| Anteroposterior discrepancy | 304 | ||
| Transverse discrepancy | 304 | ||
| Permanent dentition | 305 | ||
| Patients with no skeletal deformity | 306 | ||
| Patients with mild skeletal discrepancy | 306 | ||
| Patients with moderate to severe skeletal discrepancy | 306 | ||
| Conclusion | 309 | ||
| References | 309 | ||
| 11 Treatment of periodontally compromised patients | 310 | ||
| Minimal periodontal involvement | 310 | ||
| Moderate periodontal involvement | 314 | ||
| Severe periodontal involvement | 318 | ||
| Finishing and retention | 323 | ||
| Conclusion | 323 | ||
| References | 323 | ||
| 12 Interdisciplinary orthodontics | 325 | ||
| Interdisciplinary philosophy | 326 | ||
| Diagnostic and treatment planning process | 326 | ||
| Defining treatment goals | 326 | ||
| Case presentation | 327 | ||
| Treatment sequencing | 327 | ||
| Periodontally compromised patient | 327 | ||
| Tooth position and periodontal condition | 328 | ||
| Preliminary periodontal therapy | 328 | ||
| Endodontic treatment | 329 | ||
| Implants for anchorage and restoration | 329 | ||
| Orthodontic treatment | 331 | ||
| Pathologic tooth migration | 332 | ||
| Restorative treatment | 332 | ||
| Ortho-restorative interrelationship | 332 | ||
| Space regaining: Molar uprighting and distalization | 332 | ||
| Tooth positioning for proper restoration | 332 | ||
| Gaining distal abutment tooth | 335 | ||
| Management of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors | 335 | ||
| Restoration of missing lateral incisor with implant | 335 | ||
| Optimal implant space | 337 | ||
| Implant site development | 337 | ||
| Aesthetics | 337 | ||
| Excessive gingival display (‘gummy’ smile) | 339 | ||
| Gingival architecture and teeth remodelling | 340 | ||
| Unstable occlusion | 341 | ||
| Conclusion | 344 | ||
| References | 344 | ||
| 13 Functional occlusion goals in orthodontics | 346 | ||
| Goals of orthodontics for occlusion | 347 | ||
| Mandibular position as a functional goal of orthodontic treatment | 347 | ||
| Joints first | 350 | ||
| Anatomy of the temporomandibular joints | 354 | ||
| Disc | 354 | ||
| Structure of the disc | 354 | ||
| Normal position of the disc | 354 | ||
| Roles of the disc | 355 | ||
| Key factors necessary for stability of the disc | 355 | ||
| 14 Excellence in finishing | 391 | ||
| Occlusal parameters | 392 | ||
| Static occlusal parameters | 392 | ||
| Alignment | 392 | ||
| Archform coordination | 393 | ||
| Components of archform | 393 | ||
| Archwire coordination | 394 | ||
| Establishing marginal ridge relationships | 395 | ||
| Contact points | 395 | ||
| Occlusal relationship | 396 | ||
| Molar position | 396 | ||
| Bicuspid position | 397 | ||
| Canine position | 398 | ||
| Incisor position | 398 | ||
| Occlusal contact relationship | 399 | ||
| Vertical dimension | 399 | ||
| Dynamic occlusal parameters | 399 | ||
| Anterior guidance | 401 | ||
| Lateral excursions | 401 | ||
| Periodontal factors | 402 | ||
| Aesthetic parameters | 404 | ||
| Crown width discrepancy | 405 | ||
| Role of ‘illusion’ | 407 | ||
| Aesthetic recontouring | 407 | ||
| Postdebonding restoration of original enamel surface | 409 | ||
| Enamel decalcification | 409 | ||
| Teeth whitening: The finishing touch to beautiful, straight teeth | 409 | ||
| Replacement of missing laterals with implants | 410 | ||
| Gingival architecture | 410 | ||
| Anterior aesthetic gingival depigmentation | 410 | ||
| Smile | 411 | ||
| Anatomy of the smile | 413 | ||
| What is smile line? | 413 | ||
| Conclusion | 414 | ||
| References | 414 | ||
| 15 Retention and stability: A perspective | 416 | ||
| Requirements for retention and stability | 417 | ||
| Definition of retention | 417 | ||
| Definition of stability | 418 | ||
| Normal changes in the untreated dentition | 418 | ||
| Measurement of lower incisor irregularity | 419 | ||
| Overbite and overjet changes | 421 | ||
| Other dental arch changes | 421 | ||
| Natural space for lower incisor alignment | 421 | ||
| Anterior component of force resulting in mesial migration of teeth | 421 | ||
| Role of third molars in the development of mandibular incisor crowding | 421 | ||
| Mandibular growth and its effect on late mandibular incisor crowding | 422 | ||
| Changes in the treated dentition | 422 | ||
| Role of extraction or nonextraction treatment on the stability of the treated occlusion | 422 | ||
| Longitudinal changes in the soft tissue profile and the influence on the dentition | 424 | ||
| Retainers and post-treatment occlusion | 426 | ||
| Retention protocol | 428 | ||
| Factors to consider in the maintenance of long-term stability | 430 | ||
| The phase of maintenance: Phase 3 | 435 | ||
| Clinical treatment recommendations | 436 | ||
| The future | 436 | ||
| Final comments | 436 | ||
| Conclusion | 439 | ||
| References | 439 | ||
| 16 optimizing orthodontic treatment | 443 | ||
| Specific features of orthodontic treatment | 443 | ||
| Treatment duration | 444 | ||
| Patient compliance | 444 | ||
| Pain and discomfort | 444 | ||
| Treatment-induced enamel colour alterations | 444 | ||
| Enamel decalcification | 445 | ||
| Root resorption | 445 | ||
| Adverse effects on periodontal tissues | 445 | ||
| Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) | 445 | ||
| Practice environment | 446 | ||
| Quality systems | 446 | ||
| Standard of care | 448 | ||
| Variables affecting treatment outcome | 448 | ||
| Organized approach to diagnostic decision making | 448 | ||
| A well-designed, properly implemented treatment plan | 449 | ||
| Selection of appliance system | 449 | ||
| Precision bracket positioning | 449 | ||
| Principles of bracket positioning | 450 | ||
| Common errors in bracket placement | 452 | ||
| Efficient tooth movement | 453 | ||
| Orthodontic tooth movement | 453 | ||
| Orthodontic appliance system | 454 | ||
| Self-ligating brackets | 456 | ||
| Quality of ligation | 457 | ||
| Full archwire engagement | 457 | ||
| Friction | 457 | ||
| Speed of ligation | 460 | ||
| Oral hygiene | 460 | ||
| Identify areas of concern for stability | 460 | ||
| High-quality finishing | 460 | ||
| Key cephalometric indicators of treatment success | 464 | ||
| Conclusion | 472 | ||
| References | 472 | ||
| 17 Management of an orthodontic practice | 474 | ||
| Scheduling | 474 | ||
| Goal setting | 474 | ||
| Appointing rules | 476 | ||
| Building the standards or grids | 476 | ||
| Notify patients of change in next appointment | 476 | ||
| Appointing policy | 482 | ||
| Sample appointing policy for new patients | 482 | ||
| Appointments | 482 | ||
| Appointment confirmation | 484 | ||
| Late arrivals | 484 | ||
| Orthobucks | 484 | ||
| Comfort visits | 484 | ||
| Arrival time | 484 | ||
| Pager | 485 | ||
| Start slots | 485 | ||
| Electronic sign-in | 485 | ||
| Electronic treatment card | 485 | ||
| Staying on time | 485 | ||
| Changes at the front desk | 486 | ||
| Morning meeting report | 486 | ||
| Red-dot, green-dot calendar | 486 | ||
| Vertical calendar | 486 | ||
| Key performance indicators | 490 | ||
| Practice building | 491 | ||
| Patient compliance | 491 | ||
| Finishing patients on time | 492 | ||
| 12-month review, staff to ask | 494 | ||
| Overhead analysis/cost containment | 494 | ||
| Conclusion | 506 | ||
| Epilogue | 507 | ||
| The unchangeable | 507 | ||
| Sustaining and disruptive technologies | 507 | ||
| Three-dimensional imaging | 508 | ||
| Mass-produced customized orthodontic appliances | 508 | ||
| Technology, processes and behaviour | 509 | ||
| References | 509 | ||
| Index | 511 | ||
| A | 511 | ||
| B | 511 | ||
| C | 511 | ||
| D | 512 | ||
| E | 512 | ||
| F | 512 | ||
| G | 512 | ||
| H | 513 | ||
| I | 513 | ||
| J | 513 | ||
| K | 513 | ||
| L | 513 | ||
| M | 513 | ||
| N | 514 | ||
| O | 514 | ||
| P | 514 | ||
| Q | 515 | ||
| R | 515 | ||
| S | 515 | ||
| T | 515 | ||
| U | 515 | ||
| V | 516 | ||
| W | 516 | ||
| X | 516 | ||
| Y | 516 | ||
| Z | 516 |