BOOK
Updates in HIV and AIDS: Part II, An Issue of Infectious Disease Clinics, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This second part of a 2-part issue of Infectious Disease Clinics, edited by Michael S. Saag, MD and Henry Masur, MD, is devoted to HIV/AIDS. This issue will address the prevention of HIV/AIDS with topics such as: Mother to Child Transmission; Treatment as Prevention; Barrier and Microbicides; Prevention of HIV/AIDS: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; HIV Vaccine, and a final article addressing the cure of HIV/AIDS.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Updates in HIV andAIDS: Part II | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Infectious Disease Clinics Of North America | viii | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 529 | ||
| Key points | 529 | ||
| Preconception care | 529 | ||
| Prevention of Undesired Pregnancies | 530 | ||
| Use of Contraception | 530 | ||
| Hormonal Contraception in Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 530 | ||
| Women Who Wish to Conceive or Are at Risk of Conception | 531 | ||
| Antenatal care | 535 | ||
| Evaluation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Pregnancy | 535 | ||
| When to Start Antiretroviral Medications | 536 | ||
| Antiretroviral Medications to Initiate in Women Who Are Antiretroviral Naïve | 537 | ||
| Antiretroviral Medications to Start in Women Who Are Antiretroviral Experienced | 540 | ||
| Monitoring the Woman and the Fetus After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy | 541 | ||
| Intrapartum care | 541 | ||
| Women of Unknown Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status Who Present in Labor | 542 | ||
| Special Intrapartum Considerations | 543 | ||
| Postpartum care | 543 | ||
| Infant Antiretroviral Prophylaxis | 544 | ||
| References | 545 | ||
| Rationale and Evidence for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment as Prevention at the Individual and Population Levels | 549 | ||
| Key points | 549 | ||
| Introduction | 549 | ||
| Theoretic basis: viral load and human immunodeficiency virus transmission observational studies | 550 | ||
| Untreated Individuals | 550 | ||
| Treated Individuals | 550 | ||
| Plasma Versus Genital Fluid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Concentration and Transmission | 551 | ||
| Clinical trials | 551 | ||
| Individual decision making | 552 | ||
| Population-level prevention: modeling of treatment as prevention | 552 | ||
| Population-based prevention ecological studies | 553 | ||
| Balancing the individual with the population | 554 | ||
| Treatment as prevention and the human immunodeficiency virus prevention landscape | 556 | ||
| Challenges | 557 | ||
| Summary | 558 | ||
| References | 558 | ||
| Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 563 | ||
| Key points | 563 | ||
| Introduction | 563 | ||
| The past: development of pre-exposure prophylaxis as an HIV prevention intervention | 564 | ||
| Prior Evidence of Use of Antiretrovirals for Prevention | 564 | ||
| Animal Trials | 564 | ||
| Randomized Clinical Trials Among Humans | 565 | ||
| Implementation of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis | 567 | ||
| Lessons Learned from the Past | 568 | ||
| Safety | 568 | ||
| Resistance | 568 | ||
| Adherence | 568 | ||
| Behavioral disinhibition | 568 | ||
| The present: assessment of new regimens, delivery mechanisms, and feasibility | 569 | ||
| New Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Regimens | 569 | ||
| Novel Formulations | 569 | ||
| Open-Label Investigations | 571 | ||
| The future: pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation | 571 | ||
| Optimization of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Regimens | 571 | ||
| Delivery of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis | 572 | ||
| Engagement of High-Risk Populations | 573 | ||
| Guidelines, Goals and Monitoring, and Evaluation | 574 | ||
| Summary | 574 | ||
| References | 574 | ||
| Barrier Methods for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention | 585 | ||
| Key points | 585 | ||
| Introduction | 585 | ||
| Male condom | 586 | ||
| Types of Male Condoms | 586 | ||
| Indications | 586 | ||
| Effectiveness | 587 | ||
| Benefits | 587 | ||
| Limitations | 588 | ||
| Female condom | 588 | ||
| Types of Female Condoms | 589 | ||
| Indications | 589 | ||
| Effectiveness | 590 | ||
| Benefits | 592 | ||
| Limitations | 592 | ||
| Future Directions | 592 | ||
| Microbicides | 592 | ||
| Mechanisms of Action | 593 | ||
| Safety and Effectiveness | 593 | ||
| Surfactants | 593 | ||
| Buffers | 594 | ||
| Blockers | 594 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus fusion inhibitors | 594 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus replication inhibitors | 595 | ||
| Rectal Microbicides | 595 | ||
| References | 596 | ||
| Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS | 601 | ||
| Key points | 601 | ||
| Rationale for postexposure prophylaxis for exposures to human immunodeficiency virus | 602 | ||
| Biologic Plausibility of Postexposure Prophylaxis | 602 | ||
| Animal Models of Postexposure Prophylaxis | 602 | ||
| Epidemiologic and Clinical Data Relevant to Occupational Postexposure Prophylaxis | 603 | ||
| Assessment of the need for occupational and nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis | 603 | ||
| Baseline Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing of Occupationally and Nonoccupationally Exposed Individuals | 604 | ||
| Testing of the Source Patient | 604 | ||
| Exposure Type and Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission | 604 | ||
| Details of implementation of postexposure prophylaxis | 606 | ||
| Choosing a Regimen for Postexposure Prophylaxis | 606 | ||
| Timing and Duration of Postexposure Prophylaxis | 608 | ||
| Adverse Effects of Postexposure Prophylaxis | 608 | ||
| Follow-up Assessments for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Postexposure Prophylaxis | 609 | ||
| References | 610 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccines | 615 | ||
| Key points | 615 | ||
| Introduction | 615 | ||
| Improvements to vaccine-elicited immune responses | 619 | ||
| Antibodies | 619 | ||
| T Cells | 620 | ||
| Summary | 622 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 622 | ||
| References | 622 | ||
| Finding a Cure for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infection | 633 | ||
| Key points | 633 | ||
| Introduction | 633 | ||
| The Basic Biology of Retroviral Persistence | 633 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus-1 latency | 635 | ||
| Defining a cure | 635 | ||
| Immune control and functional cure of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection | 637 | ||
| Targeting the latent reservoir | 639 | ||
| Alternative strategies | 641 | ||
| Clinical aspects of human immunodeficiency virus-1 eradication strategies | 641 | ||
| Summary | 644 | ||
| References | 644 | ||
| Index | 651 |