BOOK
Canine and Feline Endocrinology - E-Book
Edward C. Feldman | Richard W. Nelson | Claudia Reusch | J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
No other title offers such dedication to the depth, experience, and focus of endocrinology as Canine and Feline Endocrinology, 4th Edition. Comprehensive coverage includes virtually every common and uncommon condition in endocrinology, plus the most updated information on nutrition, geriatric care, pathophysiology, testing procedures, and cost-effective and expedient diagnostic protocols. With its logical, step-by-step guidance for decision making, diagnosis, and prescribing, you will be well-equipped to care for the wide spectrum of endocrine and metabolic disorders in dogs and cats.
- Expert authorship , including the addition of three world-renowned endocrinology experts — Claudia Reusch, Catharine Scott-Moncrieff, and Ellen Behrend — offers unparalleled guidance on the latest advances in the field.
- Separation of cats and dogs into separate chapters ensures information on each species is covered to its fullest.
- Focus on diagnosis and treatment with less discussion on anatomy and physiology allows the book to concentrate on practical, current information that today’s clinician most use.
- Thorough coverage of indications and interpretation of testing procedures in endocrine diseases enables reliable and accurate diagnosis.
- Detailed discussions of diagnostic strategies and treatment recommendations provide practical, cost-effective, and expedient approaches while ensuring they represent standard of care backed by research and experience.
- Algorithms on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches provide a practical, logical resource for the busy practitioner needing quick access to information.
- Logical, step-by-step guidelines aid in accurate decision-making and diagnosis.
- Comprehensive tables and boxes summarize and clarify key information for quick reference.
- In-depth discussions from experts in the field include coverage of treatment, monitoring, and management of complications as well as clinical signs, differential diagnoses and diagnostic approaches
- Extensive reference lists provide readers with sources for additional information on clinical investigative studies
- Separate chapters devoted to each key topic provide thorough, distinct coverage of all content areas.
- NEW! Updated content includes the latest information on: thyroid disease; current imaging studies; atypical Addison's disease; atypical Cushing's disease; idiopathic hypercalcemia in cats; insulin therapy in dogs and cats; diagnostics and treatments; and radiotherapy.
- NEW! Integration of sound nutrition practices into the treatment of endocrine disorders ensures that you have the knowledge you need to efficiently treat these disorders.
- NEW! Expanded coverage provides more information on geriatric dogs and cats and the latest findings regarding the treatment of diabetes (two factors which are often interrelated).
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | IFCi | ||
| Canine and Feline Endocrinology | i | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Editors | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Dedications | ix | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| SECTION 1 THE PITUITARY GLAND | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1 - Water Metabolism and Diabetes Insipidus | 1 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY OF WATER METABOLISM | 2 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR POLYDIPSIA AND POLYURIA | 6 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO POLYURIA AND POLYDIPSIA | 9 | ||
| ETIOLOGY OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS AND PRIMARY POLYDIPSIA | 12 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS AND PSYCHOGENIC POLYDIPSIA | 14 | ||
| CONFIRMING THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS | 17 | ||
| RESPONSE TO TRIAL THERAPY WITH DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE | 17 | ||
| MODIFIED WATER DEPRIVATION TEST | 17 | ||
| RANDOM PLASMA OSMOLALITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL | 28 | ||
| ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING | 28 | ||
| TREATMENT | 29 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 31 | ||
| SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE VASOPRESSIN SECRETION: EXCESS VASOPRESSIN | 31 | ||
| REFERENCES | 34 | ||
| HYPODIPSIC HYPERNATREMIA | 34 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Disorders of Growth Hormone | 37 | ||
| PITUITARY DEVELOPMENT | 37 | ||
| BIOSYNTHESIS OF GROWTH HORMONE AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 | 39 | ||
| REGULATION OF GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION FROM THE PITUITARY GLAND | 41 | ||
| METABOLIC ACTIONS OF GROWTH HORMONE AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 | 42 | ||
| CAUSES OF GROWTH FAILURE | 43 | ||
| CONGENITAL HYPOSOMATOTROPISM (PITUITARY DWARFISM) IN DOGS AND CATS | 44 | ||
| ACQUIRED HYPOSOMATOTROPISM | 54 | ||
| HYPERSOMATOTROPISM (ACROMEGALY) IN HUMANS | 55 | ||
| HYPERSOMATOTROPISM (ACROMEGALY) IN CATS | 56 | ||
| HYPERSOMATOTROPISM (ACROMEGALY) IN DOGS | 68 | ||
| REFERENCES | 72 | ||
| SECTION 2 THE THYROID GLAND | 77 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Hypothyroidism | 77 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND | 77 | ||
| Canine Hypothyroidism | 80 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 81 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN THE ADULT DOG | 86 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM | 92 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES OF SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM | 92 | ||
| CLINICOPATHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM | 92 | ||
| DERMATOHISTOPATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN HYPOTHYROIDISM | 95 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY, AND NUCLEAR IMAGING | 95 | ||
| BLOOD TESTS OF THYROID GLAND FUNCTION | 96 | ||
| TESTS FOR LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS | 107 | ||
| FACTORS AFFECTING THYROID GLAND FUNCTION TESTS | 109 | ||
| THYROID BIOPSY | 117 | ||
| ESTABLISHING THE DIAGNOSIS | 118 | ||
| TREATMENT | 118 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 124 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 124 | ||
| CLINICAL SIGNS | 125 | ||
| TESTS OF THYROID GLAND FUNCTION | 126 | ||
| ESTABLISHING THE DIAGNOSIS | 128 | ||
| TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS | 128 | ||
| REFERENCES | 129 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Feline Hyperthyroidism | 136 | ||
| DEFINITION | 137 | ||
| HISTORY OF HYPERTHYROIDISM | 137 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 137 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 138 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES OF FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM | 142 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 145 | ||
| IN-HOSPITAL DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 148 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 154 | ||
| SERUM THYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS | 154 | ||
| APPROACH TO CATS WITH SUSPECTED HYPERTHYROIDISM THAT HAVE A THYROXINE CONCENTRATION WITHIN THE REFERENCE RANGE | 156 | ||
| RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING: THYROID SCINTIGRAPHY | 161 | ||
| CERVICAL (THYROID) ULTRASONOGRAPHY/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 167 | ||
| GENERAL CONCEPTS IN TREATMENT | 169 | ||
| TREATMENT WITH ANTI-THYROID DRUGS (THIOUREYLENES) | 172 | ||
| TREATMENT WITH SURGERY | 177 | ||
| TREATMENT WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE | 181 | ||
| NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF FELINE HYPERTHYROIDISM | 185 | ||
| FELINE THYROID CARCINOMA | 187 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS THERAPIES | 188 | ||
| REFERENCES | 191 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Canine Thyroid Tumors and Hyperthyroidism | 196 | ||
| TUMOR CLASSIFICATION | 196 | ||
| THYROID ADENOMA/CARCINOMA | 196 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS OF THYROID TUMORS | 197 | ||
| BENIGN THYROID TUMORS | 198 | ||
| MALIGNANT THYROID TUMORS | 198 | ||
| CLINICAL APPROACH TO THYROID TUMORS | 198 | ||
| TREATMENT OF THYROID TUMORS | 206 | ||
| TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM | 210 | ||
| PROGNOSIS IN CANINE THYROID NEOPLASIA | 211 | ||
| REFERENCES | 211 | ||
| SECTION 3 THE ENDOCRINE PANCREAS | 213 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Canine Diabetes Mellitus | 213 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY | 214 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 216 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 217 | ||
| ANAMNESIS | 217 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 218 | ||
| ESTABLISHING THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS | 218 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES | 219 | ||
| TREATMENT OF NONKETOTIC DIABETES MELLITUS | 221 | ||
| TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING DIABETIC CONTROL | 233 | ||
| INSULIN THERAPY DURING SURGERY | 242 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF INSULIN THERAPY | 242 | ||
| CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS | 251 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 253 | ||
| REFERENCES | 254 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Feline Diabetes Mellitus | 258 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS IN HUMANS AND CATS | 259 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS | 259 | ||
| REMISSION OF DIABETES IN CATS | 266 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 271 | ||
| ANAMNESIS | 272 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 272 | ||
| ESTABLISHING A DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS | 273 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 275 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 277 | ||
| TREATMENT OF NONKETOTIC DIABETES MELLITUS | 278 | ||
| TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING DIABETIC CONTROL | 289 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF INSULIN THERAPY | 300 | ||
| CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES MELLITUS | 307 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 308 | ||
| REFERENCES | 309 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Diabetic Ketoacidosis | 315 | ||
| PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 315 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 318 | ||
| HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 318 | ||
| ESTABLISHING THE DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETIC KETOSIS AND KETOACIDOSIS | 320 | ||
| IN-HOSPITAL DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION | 322 | ||
| TREATMENT OF “HEALTHY” DOGS AND CATS WITH DIABETIC KETOSIS | 330 | ||
| TREATMENT OF SICK DOGS AND CATS WITH DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS | 331 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 343 | ||
| HYPEROSMOLAR HYPERGLYCEMIC STATE | 343 | ||
| REFERENCES | 345 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Beta-Cell Neoplasia: Insulinoma | 348 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 348 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 349 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES | 352 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES | 354 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES FOR FASTING HYPOGLYCEMIA | 355 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO HYPOGLYCEMIA: PRIORITIZING THE DIFFERENTIALS | 359 | ||
| CONFIRMING THE DIAGNOSIS OF AN INSULIN-SECRETING BETA-CELL TUMOR: SERUM INSULIN DETERMINATION | 359 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 361 | ||
| TREATMENT OF BETA-CELL NEOPLASIA | 364 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 372 | ||
| INSULIN-SECRETING BETA-CELL TUMORS IN CATS | 372 | ||
| REFERENCES | 373 | ||
| SECTION 4 THE ADRENAL GLAND | 377 | ||
| Chapter -10 Canine Hyperadrenocorticism | 377 | ||
| REGULATION OF GLUCOCORTICOID SECRETION | 378 | ||
| PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 381 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 385 | ||
| HISTORY | 385 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 393 | ||
| ROUTINE BLOOD AND URINE EVALUATION | 395 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERADRENOCORTICISM | 398 | ||
| SPECIFIC EVALUATION OF THE PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL AXIS | 399 | ||
| SCREENING TESTS: CONFIRMING A DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERADRENOCORTICISM | 400 | ||
| DIFFERENTIATING PITUITARY-DEPENDENT HYPERADRENOCORTICISM AND ADRENOCORTICAL TUMOR | 405 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING | 409 | ||
| TREATMENT—GENERAL APPROACH | 415 | ||
| TREATMENT—SURGERY | 417 | ||
| TREATMENT—MEDICAL MANAGEMENT USING MITOTANE | 422 | ||
| TREATMENT—MEDICAL MANAGEMENT WITH TRILOSTANE | 431 | ||
| TREATMENT—MEDICAL MANAGEMENT WITH KETOCONAZOLE | 434 | ||
| TREATMENT—OTHER MEDICATIONS | 435 | ||
| TREATMENT—PITUITARY IRRADIATION | 436 | ||
| SPONTANEOUS REMISSION OF HYPERADRENOCORTICISM | 437 | ||
| PRIMARY MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS: PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM | 438 | ||
| UNEXPECTED DISCOVERY OF AN ADRENAL MASS | 439 | ||
| OCCULT HYPERADRENOCORTICISM | 441 | ||
| REFERENCES | 444 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Hyperadrenocorticism in Cats | 452 | ||
| FELINE HYPERADRENOCORTICISM (FELINE CUSHING’S SYNDROME), HYPERALDOSTERONISM, SEX HORMONE SECRETING ADRENAL TUMORS | 452 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 453 | ||
| SIGNALMENT (AGE, SEX, BREED) | 454 | ||
| DURATION OF CLINICAL SIGNS, CHIEF COMPLAINT, AND GENERAL HISTORY | 454 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ABNORMALITIES | 456 | ||
| EXPLANATIONS FOR HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION ABNORMALITIES | 456 | ||
| ROUTINE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT, BIOCHEMISTRY, URINALYSIS) | 459 | ||
| “SCREENING TESTS” TO AID IN DIAGNOSING FELINE CUSHING’S SYNDROME | 463 | ||
| TESTS TO “DISCRIMINATE” PITUITARY FROM ADRENAL TUMOR CUSHING’S SYNDROME | 468 | ||
| MEDICAL TREATMENT | 473 | ||
| SURGERY AND LAPAROSCOPIC TREATMENT | 476 | ||
| PITUITARY RADIATION | 477 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 478 | ||
| PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM IN CATS | 478 | ||
| EXCESSIVE SEX HORMONE–SECRETING ADRENAL TUMORS IN CATS | 481 | ||
| REFERENCES | 482 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Hypoadrenocorticism | 485 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 485 | ||
| ADRENAL PHYSIOLOGY | 486 | ||
| PRIMARY VERSUS SECONDARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM | 489 | ||
| GLUCOCORTICOID DEFICIENCY VERSUS MINERALOCORTICOID DEFICIENCY | 489 | ||
| PRIMARY ADRENOCORTICAL FAILURE | 490 | ||
| POLYGLANDULAR AUTOIMMUNE SYNDROMES | 492 | ||
| SECONDARY ADRENOCORTICAL FAILURE | 492 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 492 | ||
| HISTORY | 493 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 494 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 494 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHY | 499 | ||
| ABDOMINAL ULTRASOUND | 500 | ||
| ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY | 501 | ||
| CONFIRMING THE DIAGNOSIS | 501 | ||
| CRITICAL ILLNESS INDUCED CORTICOSTEROID INSUFFICIENCY (RELATIVE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY) | 508 | ||
| TREATMENT OF HYPOADRENOCORTICISM | 509 | ||
| ACUTE MANAGEMENT | 509 | ||
| LONG-TERM (MAINTENANCE) THERAPY | 510 | ||
| POOR RESPONSE TO THERAPY | 513 | ||
| CONFIRMING THE DIAGNOSIS AFTER TREATMENT HAS ALREADY BEEN INITIATED | 513 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF HYPOADRENOCORTICISM DURING STRESSFUL EVENTS | 513 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 513 | ||
| IATROGENIC HYPOADRENOCORTICISM | 514 | ||
| FELINE HYPOADRENOCORTICISM | 514 | ||
| TREATMENT | 516 | ||
| CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA | 516 | ||
| REFERENCES | 517 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Pheochromocytoma and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia | 521 | ||
| HISTORY AND BACKGROUND | 521 | ||
| DEFINITION, EMBRYOLOGY, ANATOMY, AND ETIOLOGY | 521 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 523 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 530 | ||
| MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA | 548 | ||
| REFERENCES | 551 | ||
| Chapter 14 - Glucocorticoid Therapy | 555 | ||
| CHEMISTRY OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP | 555 | ||
| MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF ACTION | 556 | ||
| BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS | 559 | ||
| PHARMACOKINETICS AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY | 563 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION AND CLASSES OF GLUCOCORTICOID USAGE | 567 | ||
| ADVERSE EFFECTS | 570 | ||
| GLUCOCORTICOID REDUCTION PROTOCOL | 574 | ||
| REFERENCES | 574 | ||
| SECTION 5 PARATHYROID GLAND | 579 | ||
| Chapter 15 - Hypercalcemia and Primary Hyperparathyroidism | 579 | ||
| Calcium REGULATION AND HYPERCALCEMIA | 580 | ||
| CALCIUM FUNCTION AND CONTROL | 580 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | 583 | ||
| ASSAYS | 584 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERCALCEMIA | 585 | ||
| Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Dogs | 593 | ||
| SIGNALMENT | 593 | ||
| ANAMNESIS: CLINICAL SIGNS | 594 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 596 | ||
| CLINICAL PATHOLOGY | 596 | ||
| IMAGING | 601 | ||
| USE OF PARATHYROID HORMONE AND PARATHYROID HORMONE–RELATED PROTEIN ASSAYS | 603 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO THE HYPERCALCEMIC PATIENT | 604 | ||
| ACUTE MEDICAL THERAPY FOR HYPERCALCEMIA (NOT PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM) | 608 | ||
| SURGICAL THERAPY FOR PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | 609 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS THERAPIES FOR PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN DOGS | 612 | ||
| POSTTREATMENT MANAGEMENT OF POTENTIAL HYPOCALCEMIA | 614 | ||
| PATHOLOGY | 617 | ||
| PROGNOSIS: DOGS WITH PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | 619 | ||
| HYPERCALCEMIA IN CATS | 619 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 619 | ||
| IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCEMIA OF CATS | 619 | ||
| PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN CATS | 620 | ||
| REFERENCES | 620 | ||
| Chapter 16 - Hypocalcemia and Primary Hypoparathyroidism | 625 | ||
| PHYSIOLOGY OF SYSTEMIC HYPOCALCEMIA | 625 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES: NATURALLY OCCURRING HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IN DOGS | 629 | ||
| CLINICAL FEATURES: NATURALLY OCCURRING HYPOPARATHYROIDISM IN CATS | 632 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: ROUTINE STUDIES | 632 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION: PARATHYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS | 635 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF EPISODIC WEAKNESS | 635 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS FOR HYPOCALCEMIA | 635 | ||
| THERAPY FOR HYPOCALCEMIA AND HYPOPARATHYROIDISM | 641 | ||
| PARATHYROID HISTOLOGY IN HYPOPARATHYROIDISM | 646 | ||
| PROGNOSIS | 646 | ||
| REFERENCES | 646 | ||
| Index | 649 |