BOOK
Pediatric Facial and Reconstructive Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics addresses the major surgical procedures in pediatric facial reconstruction that deal with congenital disorders and defects as well as trauma and tumors. Audience for this issue are Otolaryngologists who perform pediatric facial plastic surgery, facial plastic surgeons and those subspecialized in pediatric reconstruction, plastic reconstructive surgeons, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons who specialize in reconstruction of the oral area. Topics include Facial nerve rehabilitation; Septorhinoplasty; Vascular lesions; Craniofacial anomalies; Free tissue transfer; Craniomaxillofacial trauma; Cleft lip and palate; Surgical speech disorders; Otoplasty; Microtia; Soft tissu trauma and scar revision; Distraction osteogenesis.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Pediatric Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics Of North America\r | xi | ||
| Preface\r | xiii | ||
| Pediatric Facial Nerve Rehabilitation | 487 | ||
| Key points | 487 | ||
| Historical perspective | 487 | ||
| Introduction | 487 | ||
| Treatment goals | 488 | ||
| Preoperative planning and preparation | 488 | ||
| Procedural approach to zone-based facial reanimation surgery | 488 | ||
| Ocular Rehabilitation | 488 | ||
| Static procedures | 488 | ||
| Dynamic procedures | 490 | ||
| Nasal Rehabilitation | 490 | ||
| Smile Rehabilitation | 492 | ||
| Two-stage procedures | 492 | ||
| One-stage procedures | 493 | ||
| First stage cross-face nerve grafting | 493 | ||
| Patient positioning | 493 | ||
| Procedural approach | 493 | ||
| Potential complications and management | 495 | ||
| Postprocedural care | 496 | ||
| Rehabilitation, recovery, and follow-up | 496 | ||
| Free muscle transfer | 496 | ||
| Patient positioning | 496 | ||
| Procedural approach | 496 | ||
| Potential complications and management | 497 | ||
| Postprocedural care | 498 | ||
| Rehabilitation, recovery, and follow-up | 498 | ||
| Smile rehabilitation outcomes | 498 | ||
| Lip Rehabilitation | 500 | ||
| Synkinesis Treatment | 500 | ||
| Summary | 501 | ||
| References | 501 | ||
| Pediatric Septorhinoplasty | 503 | ||
| Key points | 503 | ||
| Introduction | 503 | ||
| Patterns of growth in people | 503 | ||
| Early surgical experience | 504 | ||
| Animal studies | 504 | ||
| Clinical studies | 504 | ||
| Clinical indications for pediatric septorhinoplasty | 505 | ||
| Guidelines for pediatric septorhinoplasty | 505 | ||
| References | 507 | ||
| Infantile Hemangiomas | 509 | ||
| Key points | 509 | ||
| References | 520 | ||
| Craniofacial Anomalies | 523 | ||
| Key points | 523 | ||
| Overview | 523 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 524 | ||
| Molecular genetics | 524 | ||
| Scaphocephaly | 524 | ||
| Trigonocephaly | 524 | ||
| Deformational Plagiocephaly | 524 | ||
| Anterior Plagiocephaly | 525 | ||
| Posterior Plagiocephaly | 525 | ||
| Brachycephaly | 525 | ||
| Cloverleaf skull | 525 | ||
| History of craniofacial surgery | 525 | ||
| Evaluation and diagnosis of craniosynostosis | 525 | ||
| Imaging in Craniosynostosis | 529 | ||
| The concept of the craniofacial team | 530 | ||
| Treatment goals and planned outcomes | 532 | ||
| Preoperative planning and preparation | 532 | ||
| Patient positioning | 534 | ||
| Distraction Osteogenesis | 536 | ||
| Indication and timing of operation | 536 | ||
| Syndromic craniosynostosis | 537 | ||
| Procedural Approach | 537 | ||
| Surgical Treatment of Sagittal Synostosis | 538 | ||
| Simple strip craniectomy/suturectomy | 538 | ||
| Endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomy with wedge craniectomy | 538 | ||
| Pi procedure or “squeeze” procedure | 539 | ||
| Fronto-orbital advancement | 539 | ||
| Posterior Synostotic Plagiocephaly | 542 | ||
| Secondary Deformities | 545 | ||
| Evidence-based medicine in craniofacial surgery | 545 | ||
| Controversies in Craniofacial Care | 545 | ||
| Trends and Future Horizons | 545 | ||
| Supplementary data | 545 | ||
| References | 545 | ||
| Utilization of Free Tissue Transfer for Pediatric Oromandibular Reconstruction | 549 | ||
| Key points | 549 | ||
| Craniofacial development | 550 | ||
| Recipient considerations and outcomes | 550 | ||
| Donor site development and morbidity | 552 | ||
| Dental rehabilitation | 556 | ||
| Summary | 556 | ||
| References | 557 | ||
| Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Trauma | 559 | ||
| Key points | 559 | ||
| Introduction | 559 | ||
| Etiologies | 559 | ||
| Comparative and Developmental Anatomy | 560 | ||
| Skull–Face Ratio | 560 | ||
| Small Sinuses | 561 | ||
| Brain and Ocular Injuries | 561 | ||
| Tooth Buds | 561 | ||
| Softer Bone | 561 | ||
| More Soft Tissue | 562 | ||
| Fracture Patterns | 562 | ||
| Facial anatomy | 563 | ||
| Cranium | 563 | ||
| Orbits | 563 | ||
| Maxilla | 563 | ||
| Mandible | 563 | ||
| Occlusion | 563 | ||
| Fractures | 564 | ||
| Frontoorbital Maxillary Fractures | 564 | ||
| Nasal/nasoorbital ethmoid/medial blowout | 564 | ||
| Inferior blowout/zygomaticomaxillary fracture | 564 | ||
| LeFort I, II, and III fractures | 564 | ||
| Manbibular Fractures | 566 | ||
| Condylar and subcondylar fractures | 566 | ||
| Coronoid fractures | 567 | ||
| Ramus fractures | 567 | ||
| Angle fractures | 567 | ||
| Mandibular body fractures | 567 | ||
| Symphysis and parasymphysis fractures | 567 | ||
| Dentoalveolar fractures | 567 | ||
| Physical examination | 567 | ||
| Imaging and diagnosis | 568 | ||
| Surgical approaches to the CMF skeleton | 568 | ||
| Timing | 568 | ||
| Airway Management | 568 | ||
| Coronal Approach | 568 | ||
| Periorbital Approach | 569 | ||
| Intraoral Approach | 569 | ||
| Transcervical Approach | 569 | ||
| Reduction of the occlusion/maxillomandibular fixation | 569 | ||
| Minimally invasive and nonoperative management | 570 | ||
| Fixation | 570 | ||
| Wires | 570 | ||
| Plates/Removal | 570 | ||
| Absorbable Plates and Screws | 570 | ||
| Complications | 571 | ||
| Infection and Malunion | 571 | ||
| Malocclusion | 571 | ||
| Nerve Injury | 571 | ||
| Ocular Injury | 571 | ||
| Soft Tissue Injury | 571 | ||
| Nasal Septal Hematoma | 571 | ||
| Long-term follow-up | 571 | ||
| References | 571 | ||
| Cleft Lip and Palate | 573 | ||
| Key points | 573 | ||
| Overview | 573 | ||
| Incidence and Genetics | 573 | ||
| Classification | 574 | ||
| Patient assessment | 574 | ||
| Multidisciplinary Care | 574 | ||
| Surgical Assessment | 574 | ||
| Unilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity | 574 | ||
| Preoperative Planning and Preparation | 574 | ||
| Timing of Repair | 575 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 575 | ||
| Patient positioning | 575 | ||
| Procedural design and markings | 575 | ||
| Incisions and flap creation | 576 | ||
| Closure | 576 | ||
| Primary rhinoplasty | 577 | ||
| Postprocedural care | 577 | ||
| Potential complications and management | 577 | ||
| Repair of bilateral cleft lip and nasal deformity | 578 | ||
| Preoperative Planning and Preparation | 578 | ||
| Timing of Repair | 578 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 578 | ||
| Patient positioning | 578 | ||
| Procedural design and markings | 578 | ||
| Incisions and flap creation | 579 | ||
| Closure | 579 | ||
| Primary rhinoplasty | 580 | ||
| Postprocedural care | 580 | ||
| Potential complications and management | 580 | ||
| Repair of cleft palate | 581 | ||
| Preoperative Planning and Preparation | 581 | ||
| Timing of Repair | 581 | ||
| Patient Positioning | 581 | ||
| Surgical Technique of 2-Flap Palatoplasty | 581 | ||
| Procedural design and markings | 582 | ||
| Incisions and flap creation | 582 | ||
| Closure | 582 | ||
| Surgical Technique of Furlow Palatoplasty | 583 | ||
| Procedural design and markings | 583 | ||
| Incisions and flap creation | 583 | ||
| Closure | 584 | ||
| Postprocedural Care | 584 | ||
| Potential Complications and Management | 584 | ||
| Summary | 585 | ||
| References | 585 | ||
| Starting a Cleft Team | 587 | ||
| Key points | 587 | ||
| Introduction | 587 | ||
| Methodology | 588 | ||
| Results | 588 | ||
| Surgical Training and Board Certification | 588 | ||
| Identification of Clinical Need and Hospital Selection | 588 | ||
| Team Format, Recruitment, and Certification | 588 | ||
| Budget and Finance | 589 | ||
| Marketing | 589 | ||
| Discussion | 589 | ||
| Summary | 590 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 590 | ||
| References | 590 | ||
| Surgical Speech Disorders | 593 | ||
| Key points | 593 | ||
| Overview | 593 | ||
| Ankyloglossia | 593 | ||
| Frenotomy | 594 | ||
| Frenuloplasty | 594 | ||
| VPD | 594 | ||
| VP anatomy and physiology | 595 | ||
| Patient assessment | 596 | ||
| Instrumental assessment | 596 | ||
| Quality-of-life evaluation tools | 598 | ||
| Management | 598 | ||
| Surgical techniques | 598 | ||
| How we do it | 601 | ||
| Furlow palatoplasty | 603 | ||
| Sphincter pharyngoplasty | 605 | ||
| Complications and avoidances | 606 | ||
| Measuring outcomes | 607 | ||
| Recent trends and controversies | 607 | ||
| Summary | 608 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 608 | ||
| References | 608 | ||
| Pediatric Esthetic Otoplasty | 611 | ||
| Key points | 611 | ||
| Introduction/Overview | 611 | ||
| Clinical assessment | 612 | ||
| Surgical goals | 613 | ||
| Surgical technique | 614 | ||
| Preparation and Incision | 614 | ||
| Postauricular Skin Excision | 614 | ||
| Incisionless Otoplasty | 614 | ||
| Conchal Setback | 615 | ||
| Antihelix Repositioning | 615 | ||
| Supplementary Maneuvers | 616 | ||
| Closure and Dressing | 616 | ||
| Less common techniques | 617 | ||
| Helix | 617 | ||
| Schaphal Excess | 617 | ||
| Redundant Lobule | 617 | ||
| Postoperative Care | 618 | ||
| Early Complications | 618 | ||
| Infection | 618 | ||
| Skin and Cartilage Necrosis | 618 | ||
| Late complications | 619 | ||
| Patient Dissatisfaction | 619 | ||
| Suture Complications | 619 | ||
| Loss of Correction | 620 | ||
| Pathologic Scarring | 620 | ||
| Hypesthesia | 620 | ||
| Esthetic complications | 620 | ||
| Telephone Ear Deformity and Reverse Telephone Ear Deformity | 620 | ||
| Vertical Post-deformity | 620 | ||
| Overcorrection and Hidden Helix Deformity | 620 | ||
| Antihelix Creasing and Puckering | 620 | ||
| Tragal Prominence | 620 | ||
| Auricular Ridges | 620 | ||
| Interaural Asymmetry | 621 | ||
| Summary | 621 | ||
| References | 621 | ||
| Microtia Reconstruction | 623 | ||
| Key points | 623 | ||
| Overview | 623 | ||
| Historical perspective | 624 | ||
| Patient assessment | 624 | ||
| Current practice | 626 | ||
| Autogenous Cartilage | 626 | ||
| Brent technique | 626 | ||
| First stage | 626 | ||
| Second stage | 628 | ||
| Third stage | 630 | ||
| Fourth stage | 630 | ||
| Nagata technique | 630 | ||
| Stage 1 | 630 | ||
| Stage 2 | 631 | ||
| Complications | 631 | ||
| Alloplastic Reconstruction | 631 | ||
| Planning | 631 | ||
| Procedural approach | 632 | ||
| Stage 1 | 632 | ||
| Preparation | 632 | ||
| Initial local anesthesia | 632 | ||
| Raising the TPF flap | 633 | ||
| Creating the postauricular sulcus and removal of the cartilage vestige | 633 | ||
| Preparation and placement of the implant | 633 | ||
| Harvest and rotation of the TPF flap | 634 | ||
| Final closure | 634 | ||
| Stage 2 | 634 | ||
| Postprocedural care | 635 | ||
| Potential complications and management | 636 | ||
| Recent trends and controversies | 636 | ||
| Measuring outcomes | 637 | ||
| Summary | 637 | ||
| Supplementary data | 637 | ||
| References | 637 | ||
| Soft Tissue Trauma and Scar Revision | 639 | ||
| Key points | 639 | ||
| Introduction | 639 | ||
| Management of primary soft tissue injury | 639 | ||
| Procedural sedation | 640 | ||
| Fasting | 640 | ||
| Sedatives | 640 | ||
| Administration of Sedation | 640 | ||
| Suture material | 640 | ||
| Topical therapy | 641 | ||
| Vitamin E | 641 | ||
| Allium cepa | 641 | ||
| Silicone | 642 | ||
| If Topical Therapies Fail | 642 | ||
| Triamcinolone injection | 642 | ||
| Timing of Steroid Injections | 642 | ||
| Lip Scar Injections | 643 | ||
| Risks with Intralesional Steroid Injections | 643 | ||
| Analysis of Treatment Options | 643 | ||
| Lasers | 643 | ||
| Laser Selection for Scars and Keloids | 643 | ||
| Ablative Lasers | 644 | ||
| Nonablative Lasers | 644 | ||
| Ablative Fractional Laser | 644 | ||
| Dermabrasion | 644 | ||
| Re-excision and closure | 644 | ||
| Z-plasty | 647 | ||
| W-plasty | 647 | ||
| Geometric Broken Line Closure | 647 | ||
| Tissue expansion | 647 | ||
| Procedural Considerations | 647 | ||
| Tissue Expanders | 648 | ||
| Patient Follow-up | 648 | ||
| Free tissue transfer | 648 | ||
| Summary | 649 | ||
| References | 649 | ||
| Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis | 653 | ||
| Key points | 653 | ||
| Overview | 653 | ||
| Preoperative planning | 654 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 654 | ||
| Patient positioning | 654 | ||
| Distractor selection | 654 | ||
| External Distractors | 654 | ||
| Mandibular Distraction | 655 | ||
| Upper and Midface Distraction | 656 | ||
| Approaches | 656 | ||
| Osteotomies and Device Placement | 657 | ||
| Cranial Vault Distraction | 657 | ||
| Postoperative care | 657 | ||
| Follow-up care | 658 | ||
| Complications | 658 | ||
| Relapse | 658 | ||
| Tooth and Neurovascular Injury | 659 | ||
| Hypertrophic Scar | 660 | ||
| Nerve Injury | 660 | ||
| Infection | 660 | ||
| Suboptimal Distraction Vector | 660 | ||
| Device Failure | 661 | ||
| Mortality | 661 | ||
| Outcomes | 661 | ||
| Mandible Distraction | 661 | ||
| Midface Distraction | 662 | ||
| Cranial Vault Distraction | 662 | ||
| Summary | 663 | ||
| References | 663 | ||
| Index | 665 |