BOOK
The Human Microbiome, An Issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The Human Biome is a complex and essential biological system within the human body. The adult human harbors some 100 trillion bacteria in his gut alone. Balance of this system is essential to good health. This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine focuses on treatments to realign this balance as well as advances in understanding the system in general. Topics include: Changes in microbiome in GERD; The relationship of microbiome, inflammation, and colon cancer; Gut microbiome and host genetics in Crohn's disease; Association of oral microbiome with head and neck cancer; The vaginal microbiome-disease, genetics and the environment;, The human virome in children and its relationship to febrile illness; Gut microbiome in irritable bowel syndrome; The neonatal microbiome and necrotizing enterocolitis; Fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile Infection.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| The Human Microbiome | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Clinics In Laboratory Medicine\r | x | ||
| Preface\r\r | xi | ||
| The Interrelationships of the Gut Microbiome and Inflammation in Colorectal Carcinogenesis | 699 | ||
| Key points | 699 | ||
| Introduction | 699 | ||
| Background | 700 | ||
| Normal bacterial microbiota | 702 | ||
| Microbiota and carcinogenesis in the colon | 702 | ||
| Microbiota and inflammation in the colon | 704 | ||
| Probiotic effects on carcinogenesis | 705 | ||
| References | 706 | ||
| The Oral Microbiome and Oral Cancer | 711 | ||
| Key points | 711 | ||
| Introduction | 711 | ||
| Methods of bacteria detection | 712 | ||
| The normal oral flora and public database resources | 713 | ||
| Association between bacteria and oral cancer | 713 | ||
| Culture-Based Studies | 713 | ||
| Molecular-Based Studies on Bacteria Associated with Oral Cancer | 714 | ||
| Possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis | 715 | ||
| Interplay with Alcohol and Smoking | 715 | ||
| Alcohol | 715 | ||
| Smoking | 716 | ||
| Other Mechanisms of Bacterial Carcinogenesis | 716 | ||
| Summary | 716 | ||
| References | 717 | ||
| Microbiome, Innate Immunity, and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 721 | ||
| Key points | 721 | ||
| Introduction | 721 | ||
| Microbiome of the normal esophagus | 722 | ||
| Microbiome in disease states | 722 | ||
| Influence of toll-like receptors | 724 | ||
| Toll-like Receptor 3 and Toll-like Receptor 4 | 724 | ||
| Toll-like Receptor 5 and Toll-like Receptor 9 | 724 | ||
| Roles of viruses | 726 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori | 728 | ||
| Potential role of the microbiome in disease | 728 | ||
| Perspectives | 728 | ||
| References | 728 | ||
| Microbiome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection | 733 | ||
| Key points | 733 | ||
| Introduction | 733 | ||
| Chronic immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus pathogenesis | 734 | ||
| Microbiome shapes immune response | 734 | ||
| Oral and periodontal microbiome | 736 | ||
| Gut microbiome | 736 | ||
| Rectal microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus | 738 | ||
| Vaginal and cervical microbiome | 738 | ||
| Penile microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus | 739 | ||
| Lung microbiome in human immunodeficiency virus | 739 | ||
| Summary | 740 | ||
| References | 740 | ||
| The Changing Landscape of the Vaginal Microbiome | 747 | ||
| Key points | 747 | ||
| Introduction | 747 | ||
| The vaginal microbiome | 748 | ||
| Healthy Lactobacillus-dominated vaginal flora | 749 | ||
| Healthy non-Lactobacillus—dominated vaginal flora | 750 | ||
| Factors that influence the microbiome | 750 | ||
| The vaginal microbiome and disease | 752 | ||
| Bacterial vaginosis | 753 | ||
| Pregnancy and preterm birth | 754 | ||
| Summary | 755 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 755 | ||
| References | 756 | ||
| The Genetic Predisposition and the Interplay of Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome in Crohn Disease | 763 | ||
| Key points | 763 | ||
| Host genetics and Crohn disease | 763 | ||
| Microbiome and Crohn disease | 764 | ||
| Effect of Crohn disease–associated host genetics on gut microbiome | 765 | ||
| Recognition of Microbial-Associated Molecular Patterns | 765 | ||
| Autophagy | 766 | ||
| Maintenance of Epithelial Barrier Integrity | 766 | ||
| Future perspectives | 766 | ||
| References | 767 | ||
| The Impact of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Human Gastrointestinal Microbiome | 771 | ||
| Key points | 771 | ||
| Introduction | 771 | ||
| Proton pump inhibitors and gastrointestinal acidity | 772 | ||
| Normal Gastrointestinal Acidity | 772 | ||
| Physiology of Gastric Acid Production | 772 | ||
| Proton Pump Inhibitors | 772 | ||
| Non–pH-dependent Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors | 773 | ||
| Effects of proton pump inhibitors on the microbiome | 774 | ||
| Esophagus | 774 | ||
| Stomach | 775 | ||
| Small Bowel | 776 | ||
| Colon | 777 | ||
| Summary | 779 | ||
| References | 780 | ||
| Review of the Emerging Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection with Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Insights into ... | 787 | ||
| Key points | 787 | ||
| Introduction | 788 | ||
| Fecal microbiota transplantation efficacy in Clostridium difficile | 788 | ||
| Fecal microbiota transplantation and its nexus with clinical guidelines | 790 | ||
| Technical review | 791 | ||
| Future directions of fecal microbiota transplantation | 792 | ||
| Fecal microbiota transplantation: current regulatory landscape | 793 | ||
| References | 794 | ||
| Index | 799 |