BOOK
Update in Ultrasound, An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2015)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Radiologic Clinics, edited by Leslie Scoutt, concentrates on the latest updates in ultrasound. Articles include: 3D Sonography in Gynecologic Imaging; Elastography; Evaluation of Pelvic Masses; Evaluation of the First Trimester; Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Liver and Kidney; Interpreting Lower Extremity Non Invasive Physiological Studies; Sonography in Thyroid Cancer; Evaluation of Pelvic Pain; Evaluation of the Renal Transplant; Extracranial Carotid Ultrasound Imaging; Sonographic Evaluation of Palpable Superficial Masses; Fetal CNS; Evaluation of Diffuse Liver Disease; Evaluation of Scrotal Masses; Lower Extremity Venous Ultrasound Examination; and more!
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Update in Ultrasound\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Radiologic Clinics Of North America\r | xiii | ||
Preface\r | xv | ||
Elastography in Clinical Practice | 1145 | ||
Key points | 1145 | ||
Introduction | 1145 | ||
Principles | 1145 | ||
Breast elastography | 1147 | ||
Liver | 1150 | ||
Focal Liver Lesions | 1150 | ||
Liver Fibrosis Assessment | 1151 | ||
Transient elastography | 1152 | ||
Shear Wave Speed Measurement | 1153 | ||
Thyroid elastography | 1154 | ||
Prostate elastography | 1154 | ||
Strain elastography | 1154 | ||
Shear wave elastography | 1155 | ||
Future potential applications | 1156 | ||
Musculoskeletal Applications | 1156 | ||
Gynecologic Applications | 1156 | ||
Testicular Applications | 1157 | ||
Pancreatic Applications | 1157 | ||
Summary | 1158 | ||
References | 1158 | ||
The Role of Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Diffuse Liver Disease | 1163 | ||
Key points | 1163 | ||
Introduction | 1163 | ||
Normal anatomy and imaging technique | 1164 | ||
Hepatic Parenchyma | 1164 | ||
Hepatic Vasculature | 1164 | ||
Miscellaneous | 1164 | ||
Imaging Protocol | 1164 | ||
Imaging findings and pathology | 1165 | ||
Diagnostic Criteria | 1165 | ||
Hepatitis | 1165 | ||
Steatosis | 1165 | ||
Cirrhosis | 1166 | ||
Malignancy | 1167 | ||
Budd-Chiari | 1168 | ||
Differential diagnosis | 1170 | ||
Pearls, pitfalls, and variants | 1170 | ||
Hepatitis | 1170 | ||
Steatosis | 1170 | ||
Cirrhosis | 1171 | ||
Malignancy | 1171 | ||
What the referring clinician needs to know | 1172 | ||
Summary | 1174 | ||
References | 1174 | ||
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Liver and Kidney | 1177 | ||
Key points | 1177 | ||
Introduction | 1177 | ||
Contrast agents | 1177 | ||
Liver | 1177 | ||
Hemangioma | 1178 | ||
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia | 1178 | ||
Adenoma | 1178 | ||
Hepatocellular Carcinoma | 1179 | ||
Cholangiocarcinoma | 1181 | ||
Cystadenoma/Cystadenocarcinoma | 1181 | ||
Metastasis | 1182 | ||
Infection | 1183 | ||
Postprocedure Monitoring (Local Ablative and Transarterial Chemoembolization Treatment) | 1183 | ||
Renal | 1183 | ||
Normal Appearance | 1184 | ||
Renal Cell Carcinoma | 1184 | ||
Complex Renal Cysts | 1184 | ||
Angiomyolipoma | 1185 | ||
Oncocytoma | 1185 | ||
Pseudotumor | 1187 | ||
Metastasis | 1187 | ||
Ischemia/Infarction | 1187 | ||
Infection | 1188 | ||
References | 1189 | ||
Ultrasound Evaluation of the First Trimester | 1191 | ||
Key points | 1191 | ||
Introduction | 1191 | ||
Normal sonographic appearance of first trimester pregnancy | 1191 | ||
Diagnosis of first trimester abnormalities | 1192 | ||
Early Pregnancy Failure (“Miscarriage”) | 1192 | ||
Ectopic Pregnancy | 1193 | ||
Thickened Nuchal Translucency | 1196 | ||
Fetal Structural Anomalies | 1196 | ||
Sonographic assessment of gestational age | 1197 | ||
Summary | 1197 | ||
References | 1198 | ||
Practical Applications of 3D Sonography in Gynecologic Imaging | 1201 | ||
Key points | 1201 | ||
Introduction | 1201 | ||
Evidence for routine use of the coronal plane | 1201 | ||
Technical considerations | 1202 | ||
Clinical applications of the coronal plane of the uterus | 1203 | ||
Uterine Shape Anomalies | 1203 | ||
Intrauterine devices and tubal occlusion procedures | 1207 | ||
Intracavitary abnormalities | 1208 | ||
Fibroids and Endometrial Polyps | 1208 | ||
Uterine Synechiae | 1210 | ||
Three-dimensional reconstructions with saline-instilled sonohysterography | 1210 | ||
The coronal view of the adnexa | 1210 | ||
Summary | 1212 | ||
References | 1212 | ||
Ultrasound Evaluation of Pelvic Pain | 1215 | ||
Key points | 1215 | ||
Introduction | 1215 | ||
US scanning technique | 1215 | ||
Acute pelvic pain | 1216 | ||
Acute Gynecologic Pelvic Pain | 1216 | ||
Simple ovarian cysts | 1216 | ||
Hemorrhagic and ruptured ovarian cysts | 1216 | ||
Ovarian torsion | 1217 | ||
PID | 1219 | ||
IUDs | 1220 | ||
EP | 1222 | ||
Spontaneous and threatened abortion | 1223 | ||
RPOC | 1225 | ||
Ovarian vein thrombophlebitis | 1226 | ||
Other causes of post-partum and pregnancy related APP | 1226 | ||
Nongynecologic Causes of APP | 1226 | ||
Ureteral calculi | 1226 | ||
Appendicitis | 1226 | ||
Diverticulitis | 1228 | ||
CCP | 1228 | ||
Endometriosis | 1228 | ||
Adenomyosis | 1229 | ||
Fibroids | 1231 | ||
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome | 1231 | ||
Peritoneal inclusion cysts | 1231 | ||
Perineal cysts, periurethral cysts, and urethral diverticula | 1232 | ||
Summary | 1233 | ||
References | 1233 | ||
Ultrasonography Evaluation of Pelvic Masses | 1237 | ||
Key points | 1237 | ||
Introduction | 1237 | ||
Normal anatomy and imaging technique | 1237 | ||
Imaging findings and disorders | 1238 | ||
Uterine Masses | 1238 | ||
Endometrial Masses | 1239 | ||
Cervical Masses | 1241 | ||
Ovarian Masses | 1243 | ||
Nonovarian Adnexal Masses | 1248 | ||
Fallopian tube masses | 1248 | ||
Paraovarian masses | 1249 | ||
Summary | 1250 | ||
References | 1250 | ||
Fetal CNS | 1253 | ||
Key points | 1253 | ||
Learning objectives | 1253 | ||
Introduction | 1253 | ||
Normal sonographic anatomy/measurement technique | 1253 | ||
Systematic approach to ventriculomegaly | 1254 | ||
Case review | 1258 | ||
Arnold-Chiari (Type II) Malformation (Obstructive) | 1258 | ||
Dandy-Walker Malformation (Obstructive) | 1258 | ||
Aqueductal Stenosis (Obstructive) | 1259 | ||
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum (Dysgenesis) | 1260 | ||
Schizencephaly (Dysgenesis) | 1260 | ||
Holoprosencephaly (Dysgenesis) | 1261 | ||
Intracranial Hemorrhage (Destructive) | 1262 | ||
Periventricular Leukomalacia (Destructive) | 1262 | ||
Hydranencephaly (Destructive) | 1263 | ||
Summary | 1263 | ||
References | 1263 | ||
Ultrasonography Evaluation of Scrotal Masses | 1265 | ||
Key points | 1265 | ||
Introduction | 1265 | ||
Normal anatomy | 1265 | ||
US technique | 1266 | ||
US anatomy | 1266 | ||
US findings | 1267 | ||
Intratesticular scrotal masses | 1267 | ||
GCTs | 1267 | ||
Non-GCTs | 1268 | ||
Other Malignant Tumors | 1268 | ||
Testicular Microlithiasis | 1268 | ||
Benign Intratesticular Conditions | 1269 | ||
Extratesticular scrotal masses | 1271 | ||
Tunica Vaginalis | 1271 | ||
Paratesticular Masses | 1273 | ||
Epididymis | 1274 | ||
Spermatic cord | 1276 | ||
Scrotal wall masses | 1278 | ||
Summary | 1279 | ||
References | 1279 | ||
The Role of Sonography in Thyroid Cancer | 1283 | ||
Key points | 1283 | ||
Introduction | 1283 | ||
Normal anatomy and imaging technique | 1283 | ||
Imaging protocols | 1284 | ||
Thyroid | 1284 | ||
Cervical Lymph Nodes | 1284 | ||
Imaging findings and pathology | 1284 | ||
Types of Thyroid Cancer | 1284 | ||
Thyroid Nodules | 1286 | ||
Calcification | 1286 | ||
Solid hypoechoic nodule | 1287 | ||
Local invasion | 1287 | ||
Edge refraction shadow | 1287 | ||
Other features suggesting malignancy in thyroid nodules | 1287 | ||
Size criteria for biopsy | 1288 | ||
Pitfalls of thyroid US in the detection of nodules | 1288 | ||
Management of multiple thyroid nodules | 1289 | ||
Thyroid Nodule Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy | 1290 | ||
Biopsy and cytologic evaluation | 1290 | ||
Management | 1290 | ||
Preoperative Evaluation for Cervical Nodal Metastases | 1290 | ||
US features of suspicious nodes | 1290 | ||
Management of suspicious nodes | 1290 | ||
Postoperative Surveillance | 1292 | ||
Pitfalls in the postoperative surveillance period | 1292 | ||
Alcohol ablation of lymph node metastases | 1292 | ||
Summary | 1292 | ||
References | 1293 | ||
Sonographic Evaluation of Palpable Superficial Masses | 1295 | ||
Key points | 1295 | ||
Introduction | 1295 | ||
Approach to sonographic evaluation | 1295 | ||
Benign solid masses | 1297 | ||
Lipoma | 1297 | ||
Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath | 1298 | ||
Neural Masses | 1298 | ||
Fat Necrosis | 1300 | ||
Epidermal and Dermal Masses | 1300 | ||
Palmar Fibromatosis (Dupuytren Contracture) | 1300 | ||
Desmoid Tumor | 1301 | ||
Malignant masses | 1301 | ||
Cystic masses | 1302 | ||
Ganglion Cyst | 1302 | ||
Baker Cyst | 1302 | ||
Vascular masses | 1302 | ||
Hemangioma | 1302 | ||
Glomus Tumor | 1304 | ||
Summary | 1305 | ||
References | 1305 | ||
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Renal Transplant | 1307 | ||
Key points | 1307 | ||
Introduction | 1307 | ||
Surgical technique | 1307 | ||
Normal renal transplant ultrasonography findings | 1308 | ||
Vascular abnormalities | 1308 | ||
Renal Artery Stenosis | 1308 | ||
External Iliac Artery Stenosis | 1310 | ||
Renal Artery Thrombosis | 1310 | ||
Segmental Infarction | 1310 | ||
Renal Vein Thrombosis | 1311 | ||
Renal Vein Stenosis | 1312 | ||
Pseudoaneurysm and Arteriovenous Fistula | 1312 | ||
Compartment Syndrome | 1312 | ||
Torsion of the Transplant Kidney | 1313 | ||
Urologic and collecting system complications | 1314 | ||
Perinephric fluid collections | 1315 | ||
Renal parenchymal abnormalities | 1317 | ||
Acute Tubular Necrosis | 1317 | ||
Acute Rejection | 1319 | ||
Chronic Rejection | 1320 | ||
Medication Toxicity | 1320 | ||
Pyelonephritis | 1320 | ||
Neoplasm (Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder) | 1320 | ||
Summary | 1323 | ||
References | 1323 | ||
The Essentials of Extracranial Carotid Ultrasonographic Imaging | 1325 | ||
Key points | 1325 | ||
Background | 1325 | ||
Technique | 1326 | ||
General | 1326 | ||
Grayscale Imaging | 1326 | ||
Color/Power Doppler Imaging | 1326 | ||
Spectral Doppler | 1327 | ||
Normal carotid imaging | 1327 | ||
Anatomy | 1327 | ||
Grayscale Imaging | 1328 | ||
Color and Spectral Doppler Imaging | 1328 | ||
Waveform pattern recognition | 1330 | ||
Estimation of stenosis | 1332 | ||
Plaque characterization | 1336 | ||
Postoperative carotid imaging | 1337 | ||
Summary | 1341 | ||
Acknowledgments | 1341 | ||
References | 1341 | ||
A Practical Approach to Interpreting Lower Extremity Noninvasive Physiologic Studies | 1343 | ||
Key points | 1343 | ||
Introduction | 1343 | ||
ABI | 1344 | ||
Technique | 1344 | ||
Interpretation | 1344 | ||
Pitfalls and Limitations | 1344 | ||
Exercise ABI | 1346 | ||
TBI | 1346 | ||
Segmental pressure measurements | 1346 | ||
Technique | 1346 | ||
Update on the Lower Extremity Venous Ultrasonography Examination | 1359 | ||
Key points | 1359 | ||
Natural history of venous thrombosis | 1359 | ||
Alternatives to ultrasonography: clinical decision rules and D-dimer test | 1360 | ||
Anatomic principles and nomenclature | 1360 | ||
Protocol | 1362 | ||
Differentiating acute deep venous thrombosis from residual venous thrombosis | 1362 | ||
Sonographic findings of acute deep venous thrombosis | 1362 | ||
Sonographic findings of residual venous thrombosis | 1364 | ||
Doppler findings | 1366 | ||
Recurrent deep venous thrombosis | 1369 | ||
Risk for recurrent deep venous thrombosis | 1369 | ||
Sonographic findings of recurrent deep venous thrombosis | 1370 | ||
Indeterminate results | 1370 | ||
Calf veins | 1371 | ||
Complete venous ultrasonography versus more limited examinations | 1371 | ||
Safe strategies | 1372 | ||
Recommendations for follow-up | 1372 | ||
References | 1373 | ||
Index | 1375 |