BOOK
Pain Management, An Issue of Neurosurgery Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue provides a glimpse into how pain can be assessed and managed by several medical disciplines and approaches. It covers classical and conventional techniques as well as innovative techniques.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Pain Management\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Neurosurgery Clinics Of North America\r | xi | ||
| Preface\r | xiii | ||
| Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pain Pathways | 629 | ||
| Key points | 629 | ||
| Introduction | 629 | ||
| Peripheral sensory system and mechanisms of sensitization | 629 | ||
| Dorsal root ganglia | 630 | ||
| Spinal cord | 632 | ||
| Spinothalamic pathways | 632 | ||
| Thalamus | 634 | ||
| Cortical areas | 634 | ||
| Descending systems | 635 | ||
| Summary | 636 | ||
| References | 637 | ||
| Introduction to Neuropathic Pain Syndromes | 639 | ||
| Key points | 639 | ||
| Craniofacial pain syndromes | 640 | ||
| Primary Headaches | 640 | ||
| Cranial Neuralgias | 640 | ||
| Other Types of Craniofacial Pain | 640 | ||
| Pain syndromes of the spine and spinal cord | 655 | ||
| Pain syndromes involving peripheral nerves | 655 | ||
| Discussion and summary | 655 | ||
| References | 655 | ||
| Intracranial Ablative Procedures for the Treatment of Chronic Pain | 663 | ||
| Key points | 663 | ||
| Introduction: nature of the problem | 663 | ||
| Diagnosis | 663 | ||
| Clinical outcomes and trends in the literature | 663 | ||
| Thalamotomy | 664 | ||
| Centromedial Lesions | 664 | ||
| Central Lateral Lesions | 665 | ||
| Recent Advances | 665 | ||
| Mesencephalic tractotomy | 666 | ||
| Cingulotomy | 667 | ||
| Summary | 668 | ||
| References | 668 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation for Chronic Pain | 671 | ||
| Key points | 671 | ||
| Introduction | 671 | ||
| Intracranial targets | 672 | ||
| Septal Interventions | 672 | ||
| IC Interventions | 673 | ||
| STH, VPM/Lateral Nucleus Interventions | 673 | ||
| CM-Pf Interventions | 675 | ||
| P(A)VG Interventions | 675 | ||
| PH Interventions | 675 | ||
| Motor Cortex Interventions | 681 | ||
| Other Areas | 681 | ||
| Considerations for patient selection and trial design | 681 | ||
| General Consideration of Pain Research | 688 | ||
| Specific Considerations to Chronic Stimulation for the Treatment of Pain | 688 | ||
| Summary | 688 | ||
| References | 688 | ||
| Motor Cortex Stimulation for Chronic Pain | 693 | ||
| Key points | 693 | ||
| Introduction | 693 | ||
| Indications and patient selection | 694 | ||
| Operative technique | 694 | ||
| Localization of the primary motor cortex | 695 | ||
| Variations in technique | 695 | ||
| Clinical outcomes | 696 | ||
| Predictors of outcome | 696 | ||
| Complications and concerns | 696 | ||
| Summary | 696 | ||
| References | 697 | ||
| Dorsal Root Entry Zone Lesion, Midline Myelotomy and Anterolateral Cordotomy | 699 | ||
| Key points | 699 | ||
| Introduction: nature of the problem | 699 | ||
| Clinical Anatomy of Pain Conduction in the Spinal Cord | 699 | ||
| Anatomy of pain pathways in the spinal cord | 700 | ||
| Unilateral limb pain and the DREZ | 700 | ||
| Unilateral limb/truncal pain and cordotomy | 703 | ||
| Abdominal/pelvic and bilateral lower extremity pain and midline myelotomy | 704 | ||
| Selection and Workup of Patients | 704 | ||
| Unilateral limb and plexus pain | 705 | ||
| Unilateral lower quadrant pain | 705 | ||
| Bilateral lower extremity pain or lower abdominal/pelvic pain | 705 | ||
| Surgical Technique | 706 | ||
| Preoperative measures | 706 | ||
| Approach laminectomy and durotomy for open procedures | 706 | ||
| Postoperative care | 707 | ||
| DREZ Lesioning | 707 | ||
| Lesion location and technique | 708 | ||
| Complications for DREZ | 709 | ||
| Prognosis of pain relief | 709 | ||
| Summary for DREZ | 710 | ||
| Open Cordotomy | 711 | ||
| Lesioning technique | 711 | ||
| Complications of open cordotomy | 712 | ||
| Prognosis of pain relief | 712 | ||
| Percutaneous Cordotomy | 714 | ||
| Lesioning technique | 714 | ||
| Complications of percutaneous cordotomy | 715 | ||
| Prognosis of pain relief | 716 | ||
| Midline Myelotomy | 716 | ||
| Lesioning technique | 716 | ||
| Complications | 717 | ||
| Prognosis for pain relief | 717 | ||
| Summary | 718 | ||
| DREZ | 718 | ||
| Open Cordotomy | 718 | ||
| Percutaneous Cordotomy | 718 | ||
| Midline Myelotomy | 718 | ||
| References | 719 | ||
| Percutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pain | 723 | ||
| Key points | 723 | ||
| Introduction | 723 | ||
| Indications | 723 | ||
| FBSS | 724 | ||
| CRPS | 728 | ||
| Patient selection | 728 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 728 | ||
| Nonsurgical Management | 728 | ||
| Drug Use or Abuse | 729 | ||
| Psychological Testing | 730 | ||
| Medical Comorbidities | 730 | ||
| Minimizing the Risk of Infection | 731 | ||
| Summary | 731 | ||
| References | 732 | ||
| Intrathecal Pain Pumps | 735 | ||
| Key points | 735 | ||
| Introduction | 735 | ||
| Indications | 735 | ||
| Patient selection | 736 | ||
| Techniques | 737 | ||
| Trialing | 737 | ||
| Selecting Pharmacotherapy | 737 | ||
| Type of Device | 738 | ||
| Surgical Implant | 738 | ||
| Outcomes | 740 | ||
| Cancer-Related Pain | 740 | ||
| Nonmalignant Chronic Pain | 740 | ||
| Summary | 741 | ||
| References | 741 | ||
| Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia | 743 | ||
| Key points | 743 | ||
| Introduction | 743 | ||
| Surgical technique | 743 | ||
| Patient Selection | 743 | ||
| Establishing the diagnosis accurately | 743 | ||
| Age as a factor in the decision-making process | 744 | ||
| Significance of radiographic findings | 744 | ||
| Surgical Approach and Patient Positioning | 744 | ||
| Procedure | 744 | ||
| Incision | 744 | ||
| Craniectomy and dural opening | 744 | ||
| Intradural dissection and retraction | 744 | ||
| Intraoperative neuromonitoring | 745 | ||
| Petrosal veins | 745 | ||
| Identifying the vascular conflict and decompression of the nerve | 746 | ||
| Absence of vascular conflict | 746 | ||
| Closure | 747 | ||
| Complications | 747 | ||
| Recovery | 747 | ||
| Clinical outcome | 747 | ||
| Long-term Outcome | 747 | ||
| Postradiosurgery MVD | 747 | ||
| Comparison with Other Surgical Modalities | 747 | ||
| Summary | 748 | ||
| References | 748 | ||
| Percutaneous Treatments for Trigeminal Neuralgia | 751 | ||
| Key points | 751 | ||
| Introduction | 751 | ||
| BC | 752 | ||
| Procedure | 752 | ||
| Discussion | 752 | ||
| GR | 755 | ||
| Procedure | 755 | ||
| Discussion | 755 | ||
| RT | 757 | ||
| Procedure | 757 | ||
| Discussion | 757 | ||
| Summary | 759 | ||
| References | 759 | ||
| Surgical Options for Complex Craniofacial Pain | 763 | ||
| Key points | 763 | ||
| Introduction | 763 | ||
| Pathophysiology of complex face pain | 764 | ||
| Pain pathways and nodes of intervention | 764 | ||
| Surgical management of complex face pain | 765 | ||
| Peripheral Neuromodulation | 765 | ||
| Peripheral trigeminal nerve/field stimulation (PNS/peripheral field/nerve stimulation) | 765 | ||
| Clinical assessment, indications, and prerequisite for peripheral field/nerve stimulation PNS | 765 | ||
| Contraindications of PFNS/PNS | 766 | ||
| Surgical technique | 766 | ||
| Programming parameters | 766 | ||
| Review of literature | 766 | ||
| Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation for headache and facial pain | 767 | ||
| Cervical Spinal Cord Stimulation for Craniofacial Pain | 769 | ||
| Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis Dorsal Root Entry Zone Ablative Procedures for Complex Craniofacial Pain | 769 | ||
| Motor Cortex Stimulation for Complex Craniofacial Pain | 770 | ||
| Deep Brain Stimulation for Complex Craniofacial Pain | 770 | ||
| Summary | 772 | ||
| References | 772 | ||
| Neurolysis, Neurectomy, and Nerve Repair/Reconstruction for Chronic Pain | 777 | ||
| Key points | 777 | ||
| Introduction | 777 | ||
| Diagnosis | 778 | ||
| Therapeutic options | 778 | ||
| Nonoperative | 778 | ||
| Operative | 779 | ||
| Decompression/neurolysis | 779 | ||
| Neurectomy | 781 | ||
| Nerve repair/reconstruction | 785 | ||
| Clinical outcomes | 786 | ||
| Decompression | 786 | ||
| Neurectomy | 786 | ||
| Nerve Repair/Reconstruction | 786 | ||
| Complications and concerns | 786 | ||
| Summary | 787 | ||
| References | 787 | ||
| Peripheral Nerve/Field Stimulation for Chronic Pain | 789 | ||
| Key points | 789 | ||
| Introduction: nature of the problem | 789 | ||
| Indications | 790 | ||
| Surgical technique | 790 | ||
| Preoperative Planning | 790 | ||
| Inclusion criteria | 790 | ||
| Exclusion criteria | 791 | ||
| Neuropsychological evaluation | 791 | ||
| Trial stimulator | 791 | ||
| Preparation and Patient Positioning | 791 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 791 | ||
| Surgical Procedure for Percutaneous Lead Placement | 791 | ||
| Immediate Postoperative Care | 792 | ||
| Permanent stimulator | 792 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 793 | ||
| Surgical Procedure for Percutaneous Lead Placement | 793 | ||
| Immediate Postoperative Care | 793 | ||
| Rehabilitation and recovery | 793 | ||
| Clinical results in the literature | 795 | ||
| Summary | 795 | ||
| References | 795 | ||
| Chronic Pain Rehabilitation | 799 | ||
| Key points | 799 | ||
| Introduction | 799 | ||
| Components of IPRPs | 799 | ||
| Psychological factors that affect pain | 800 | ||
| Pain Catastrophizing | 800 | ||
| Mood and Affect States | 800 | ||
| Psychological management | 800 | ||
| Principles of Chronic Pain Rehabilitation | 800 | ||
| Behavior modification | 800 | ||
| Education | 800 | ||
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | 801 | ||
| Relaxation Training, Guided Imagery, and Biofeedback | 801 | ||
| Addressing Affective States | 801 | ||
| Pharmacologic Strategies | 801 | ||
| Opioids | 801 | ||
| Physical and Occupational Therapy | 801 | ||
| Occupational and Vocational Therapy | 801 | ||
| Summary/Discussion | 801 | ||
| References | 801 | ||
| Multimodal Treatment of Pain | 803 | ||
| Key points | 803 | ||
| Introduction | 803 | ||
| Patient evaluation overview | 803 | ||
| Pharmacologic treatment options | 803 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Agents | 803 | ||
| Acetaminophen | 804 | ||
| Antidepressants | 804 | ||
| Antiepileptics | 805 | ||
| Opioids | 805 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic treatment options | 805 | ||
| Physical therapy | 806 | ||
| Occupational therapy | 806 | ||
| Nutrition | 807 | ||
| Psychological therapies | 807 | ||
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | 807 | ||
| Other Psychotherapies | 807 | ||
| Biofeedback | 807 | ||
| Mindfulness Therapy | 807 | ||
| Adjunctive therapies | 807 | ||
| Tai Chi | 807 | ||
| Yoga | 807 | ||
| Combination therapies | 808 | ||
| Summary/Discussion | 808 | ||
| References | 808 | ||
| Nerve Blocks for Chronic Pain | 809 | ||
| Key points | 809 | ||
| Introduction | 809 | ||
| Diagnostic versus therapeutic nerve blocks | 809 | ||
| Therapeutic nerve blocks | 810 | ||
| Epidural Steroid Injection | 810 | ||
| Introduction | 810 | ||
| Indications | 810 | ||
| Efficacy | 811 | ||
| Procedure | 811 | ||
| Complications | 811 | ||
| Facet Joint Nerve Blocks | 811 | ||
| Introduction | 811 | ||
| Procedure | 812 | ||
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Pain | 819 | ||
| Key points | 819 | ||
| Introduction | 819 | ||
| Mechanism of action and parameters of rTMS relevant to chronic pain management | 820 | ||
| Safety profile of TMS | 822 | ||
| TMS for chronic pain | 822 | ||
| rTMS of M1 for Chronic Pain | 823 | ||
| rTMS of Other Cortical Areas for Chronic Pain | 826 | ||
| TMS for fibromyalgia | 826 | ||
| TMS for migraine | 826 | ||
| Summary | 827 | ||
| References | 827 | ||
| Technological Innovations in Implants Used for Pain Therapies | 833 | ||
| Key points | 833 | ||
| Introduction | 833 | ||
| Implanting devices | 834 | ||
| Electrodes | 835 | ||
| Anchors | 836 | ||
| IPGs | 838 | ||
| Adaptive stimulation | 838 | ||
| Burst stimulation | 838 | ||
| MRI compatibility | 839 | ||
| Other Advances in IPGs | 839 | ||
| Patient programmer | 840 | ||
| Electrical nerve block | 840 | ||
| Summary | 841 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 841 | ||
| References | 841 | ||
| Index | 843 |